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emmanuel reynaud holy virility the social construction of masculinity

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you shall win your food from it all <strong>the</strong> days <strong>of</strong> your life. It<br />

will grow thorns and thistles for you¯none but wild plants<br />

for you to eat. You shall gain your bread by <strong>the</strong> sweat <strong>of</strong><br />

your brow until you return to <strong>the</strong> ground; for from it you<br />

were taken. Dust you are, to dust you shall return.'» (ΙΙΙ: 17-<br />

19)<br />

After this long account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> life <strong>of</strong> 'man', <strong>the</strong> allusion to<br />

returning to dust completes his identification with <strong>the</strong> human<br />

being who was created from that same dust, but who was not<br />

yet a 'man' because he still had all his 'ribs'. This final sleight <strong>of</strong><br />

hand endeavours to make us forget that <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> 'man'<br />

was that <strong>of</strong> a mutilated human being, missing a part <strong>of</strong> itself,<br />

called 'woman', and whose sexuality is limited to an external<br />

phallus/snake. In spite <strong>of</strong> this final attempt to conceal <strong>the</strong> reality<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> myth, it is never<strong>the</strong>less apparent that it is through his<br />

own mutilation that man establishes his domination over<br />

woman.<br />

[Introduction / 13]<br />

Mutilation as foundation<br />

This division <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> human being into 'man' and 'woman' by <strong>the</strong><br />

unequal mutilation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> individual depending on <strong>the</strong> anatomy<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sexual organs is <strong>the</strong> basis on which <strong>the</strong> entire<br />

JudeoChristian ideology is built. The Bible itself, once <strong>the</strong> sex<br />

categories have been defined through <strong>the</strong> myth <strong>of</strong> original sin,<br />

hardly does more than illustrate how <strong>the</strong>y work. And so, from<br />

<strong>the</strong> next verse <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following chapter, man immediately uses<br />

'his' wife so that she can carry out her allotted task without<br />

delay and bear children:<br />

«She conceived and gave birth to Cain. She said "With <strong>the</strong><br />

help <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lord I have brought a man into being". Later<br />

she had ano<strong>the</strong>r child, his bro<strong>the</strong>r Abel. Abel was a<br />

shepherd and Cain a tiller <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soil.» (IV: 1-2)<br />

And <strong>the</strong>se first sons <strong>of</strong> 'man' see <strong>the</strong>ir life so much as a struggle<br />

that after Abel's clear victory, «Cain attacked his bro<strong>the</strong>r Abel<br />

and murdered him.» (IV:8) The fight to <strong>the</strong> death between men<br />

for power begins with <strong>the</strong> myth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> farmer who eliminates <strong>the</strong>

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