ICT and e-business in the tourism industry ICT adoption ... - empirica

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Tourism The mission of e-Business W@tch is to monitor, analyse and compare the development and impact of e-business in different sectors of the European economy – not the sectors themselves. Its objective is to provide reliable results, based on commonly accepted methodologies, which are not readily available from other sources and will trigger the interest of policy-makers, researchers, and other e-business stakeholders for more in depth analyses or statistical surveys. e-Business W@tch has adopted a “wide-angle” perspective in its approach. The necessary trade-offs are transparently depicted in each of its deliverables. The definition of sectors and the adequate level of aggregation Economic sectors constitute the main level of analysis for e-Business W@tch. The 2006 studies cover sub-sets of ten different sectors whose configuration and definition are based on the NACE Rev. 1.1 classification of business activities. 9 Over the years since its initial implementation in late 2001, e-Business W@tch followed a roll-out plan in the coverage of different sectors. 10 In each new period, some new sectors (not covered in previous years) were added. The rather broad aggregation of various business activities into sectors in earlier implementation periods (2002-2004) made it possible to cover a broad spectrum of the economy, but also caused challenges for the analysis of e-business developments. In cases where rather heterogeneous sub-sectors were aggregated, it was sometimes difficult to make general observations or draw conclusions for "the sector" at stake. It also turned out that industry has a clear preference for comparatively narrow sector definitions. The approach for selecting and defining sectors which was used in 2005 and 2006 reflects these concerns. Many of the sectors studied since 2005 are sub-sectors that had been part of larger aggregations in 2002-2004. A further argument for "zooming in" on former sub-sectors is that the broad picture for whole sectors is already available from earlier e-Business W@tch studies. The selection of sectors in 2006 has been made on the basis of the following considerations: The roll-out plan of 2003. Policy relevance of the sector from the Commission’s perspective. Interest articulated by the industry in previous years on studies of this type. The current dynamics of e-business in the sector and the impact of ICT and electronic business, as derived from earlier e-Business W@tch sector studies. 9 10 NACE Rev. 1.1 is a 4-digit classification of business activities. It is a revision of the ‘General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities within the European Communities’, known by the acronym NACE and originally published by Eurostat in 1970. See website: "selection of sectors" (www.ebusiness-watch.org/about/sector_selection.htm) 12
Tourism The 10 sectors studied in 2006 The 10 sectors which are monitored and studied in 2006 include six manufacturing sectors, construction and three service sectors. The pulp and paper manufacturing industry is a 'new' sector, i.e. it had not been covered by the e-Business W@tch in any earlier period of implementation; the other nine sectors have been covered in previous years, mostly as parts of aggregated sectors (see Exhibit 1-1). Exhibit 1-1: Sectors studied by e-Business W@tch in 2006 No. NACE Rev. 1.1 Sector Reference to earlier (most recent) coverage 1 DA 15 (selected groups) Food and beverages 2005 2 DC 19.3 Footwear 2003/04 (as part of the textile and footwear industry) 3 DE 21 Pulp, paper and paper products -- 4 DL 30, 32.1+2 ICT manufacturing 2004 (as part of electrical machinery and electronics) 5 DL 32.3 Consumer electronics 2004 (as part of electrical machinery and electronics) 6 DM 35.11 Shipbuilding and repair 2004 (as part of transport equipment manufacturing) 7 F 45.2+3 (selected classes) 8 H 55.1/3, I 63.3, O 92.33/52 Construction Tourism 2005 2005 (in a broader aggregation, including F 45 in total) 9 I 64.2 Telecommunication services 2004 (as part of ICT services) 10 N 85.11 Hospital activities 2004 (as part of health and social services) 1.2 "e-Business" – the conceptual framework Fresh momentum after the 2001 odyssey Although the 'new economy' revolution has not taken place as it seemed for a short moment in history it might, the evolutionary development of electronic business does not seem to have come to an end. On the contrary, the maturity of e-business has substantially increased across sectors and regions over the past five years. It has been a quiet revolution this time, but as a result, a new picture of the digital economy is beginning to emerge. ICT and e-business do matter in the global economy – probably even more than during the hype of the late 1990s. The overall economic situation and market conditions for business innovation and investment have been difficult for European companies during the last few years. Nevertheless, e-business shows a dynamic development in the European Union. Drivers are new technological developments (wireless access technologies, for example) and the increasing competitive pressure on companies in a global economy. Firms are in 13
Page 1 and 2: Sector Report No. 8/2006 ICT and e-
Page 3 and 4: Tourism Table of Contents Executive
Page 5 and 6: Tourism Executive Summary Objective
Page 7 and 8: Tourism Ongoing market consolidatio
Page 9 and 10: Tourism 1 Introduction 1.1 About e-
Page 11: Tourism Methodology e-Business W@tc
Page 15 and 16: Tourism Exhibit 1-2: Process compon
Page 17 and 18: Tourism have a major impact, as the
Page 19 and 20: Tourism 2 Context and Background 2.
Page 21 and 22: Tourism 2.2 Industry background Tou
Page 23 and 24: Tourism Demographic changes and con
Page 25 and 26: Tourism Increasing importance of mo
Page 27 and 28: Tourism Need for stronger networkin
Page 29 and 30: Tourism 3.1 Use of and Access to IC
Page 31 and 32: Tourism Exhibit 3-2: Networks and p
Page 33 and 34: Tourism Exhibit 3-3: Demand for ICT
Page 35 and 36: Tourism Exhibit 3-4: Outsourcing an
Page 37 and 38: Tourism No figures are available on
Page 39 and 40: Tourism Exhibit 3-8: Use of e-stand
Page 41 and 42: Tourism In the tourism industry, ab
Page 43 and 44: Tourism Hence, if decision makers i
Page 45 and 46: Tourism In general, the rather low
Page 47 and 48: Tourism between different sub-secto
Page 49 and 50: Tourism Exhibit 3-15: Online cooper
Page 51 and 52: Tourism Exhibit 3-17: Adoption of e
Page 53 and 54: Tourism tourism sub-sectors covered
Page 55 and 56: Tourism Exhibit 3-20: Main type of
Page 57 and 58: Tourism Exhibit 3-22: Main location
Page 59 and 60: Tourism companies which have their
Page 61 and 62: Tourism 3.6.1 Companies receiving o
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Tourism whether they used rather "s
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Tourism 3.6.2 e-Integration of mark
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Tourism 3.7 ICT and Innovation To e
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Tourism 3.8 Drivers and Inhibitors
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Tourism 3.8.2 Barriers to e-busines
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Tourism 3.9 Summary of the quantita
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Tourism In 2006, results for some i
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Tourism abandonment of paper ticket
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Tourism savings to the consumers; c
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Tourism 4.1.4 Growth, mergers and a
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Tourism CASE STUDY: RE-INTERMEDIATI
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Tourism Exhibit 4-3: The booking re
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Tourism situated in attractive and
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Tourism CASE STUDY: SUCCESSFUL INTE
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Tourism rural tourism to flourish a
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Tourism LCTA was very successful in
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Tourism CASE STUDY: RE-INTERMEDIATI
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Tourism of about 2.2%. Its main com
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Tourism Enhancing real-time vacancy
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Tourism CASE STUDY: CONTROLLING THE
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Tourism Instead of reducing costs f
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Tourism Whereas today, the visible
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Tourism way Accor adopted a two-tie
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Tourism 4.2 Dynamic Packaging 4.2.1
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Tourism The legal dimension, which
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Tourism No such solutions can be fo
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Tourism DP Market All market observ
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Tourism CASE STUDY: IMPLEMENTING DY
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Tourism Exhibit 4-16: Technology bu
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Tourism References Research for thi
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Tourism continue to operate, as the
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Tourism Exhibit 4-18: Customer driv
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Tourism References Research for thi
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Tourism customer uptake is expected
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Tourism such as Germanwings, Hapag-
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Tourism Intermediaries in ticket sa
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Tourism ticket.” (Matthias van Le
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Tourism terms of a considerable red
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Tourism CASE STUDY: ICT-DEPLOYMENT
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Tourism Encouraging passengers to t
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Tourism CASE STUDY: E-TICKETING AT
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Tourism e-Business activities SN Br
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Tourism implementation of a dedicat
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Tourism The case study about SN Bru
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Tourism Exhibit 5-1: Perceived over
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Tourism The influence of outsourcin
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Tourism Exhibit 5-4: Companies obse
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Tourism figures are considerably ab
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Tourism Background information: Mic
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Tourism mere availability of multip
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Tourism ICT impact on competition E
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Tourism 5.2.1 Policies to counterac
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Tourism loans, venture capital or p
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Tourism References Books and scient
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Tourism Röglein, D.; Rodriguez, M.
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Tourism Reise & Preise online (2004
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Tourism Annex I: The e-Business Sur
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Tourism Fieldwork Fieldwork was coo
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Tourism Feedback from interviewers
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Tourism The use of filter questions
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Tourism The e-Business Scoreboard 2
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Tourism Annex II: Expanded Tables -
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Tourism Exhibit A2-2: Demand for IC
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Tourism Exhibit A2-4: Companies rec
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Tourism Annex III: Glossary of Tech
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Tourism Modem MRO goods OOS Process
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Contact information: European Commi
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