ICT and e-business in the tourism industry ICT adoption ... - empirica

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Tourism these, mainly large companies (6%) with more than 250 employees had difficulties in finding ICT professionals, while smaller companies had less problems finding qualified personnel). This figure is surprisingly low, considering the attention which policy has been paying to the presumed ICT skills gap. Two explanations are possible: first, that the skills gap is commonly overestimated (indeed most of the sectors analysed report similarly small figures); second, in a more normative assessment, it can be argued that many companies are simply not aware that they should enhance their ICT skills base by hiring adequate personnel. Furthermore, there seem to be considerable variations between different countries: In Greece, for example, 12%, and in Cyprus 8% of companies reported hard-to-fill vacancies for ICT jobs; in countries like Germany, Spain, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and Romania between 2% and 6%; in the other European countries surveyed hardly any companies reported hard-to-fill vacancies for ICT jobs at all (see Exhibit A5-11 in Annex III). e-Learning, which means supporting training with learning material in electronic format - e.g. material that is available on the intranet or the internet - is used on average by 15% of tourism companies, which is a slightly higher figure than the average of the other sectors surveyed. However, medium and large enterprises in the tourism sector use e- learning for their employees’ training much more often - with 22% and 54%, respectively – than micro (16%) and small companies (15%). e-Learning applications can be used for ICT-related training, but also for other sector-specific or even company-specific training measures. 3.2.2 Outsourcing of ICT services and ICT investments Outsourcing Firms were asked whether they had outsourced any of their ICT services, which had previously been conducted in-house, to external service providers in 2005. In the tourism industry, this seems to be the case for about 10% of companies, whereby larger companies generally tend to outsource more of their services than smaller ones. About a third of the surveyed tourism companies saidd that they outsourced more ICT services in 2005 than in the previous years, while only an insignificant number of companies said that they outsourced less (see Exhibit 3-5). This means that in tourism the trend towards outsourcing is somewhat stronger than in most other economic sectors surveyed this year by e-Business W@tch. 34
Tourism Exhibit 3-4: Outsourcing and spending on ICT Have outsourced ICT services in 2005 Share of ICT budget as % of total costs Have made ICT investments in 2005 Difficulty to draw funds for investments Weighting: % of empl % of firms % of empl % of firms % of empl % of firms % of empl % of firms Tourism (EU-10) 21 10 7 7 63 45 14* 74* Micro (1-9 empl.) 8 7 40 99* Small (10-49 empl.) 20 5 62 8* Medium (50-249 empl.) 18 7 75 8* Large (250+ empl.) 37 13 80 2* Tourism sub-sectors: Accommodation sector 26 11 10 9 68 43 0 0 Gastronomy 17 8 5 3 50 32 6 67 Travel agencies & tour operators 26 13 10 12 79 79 52 86 All 10 sectors (EU-10) 19 14 6 5 65 50 19 15 Micro (1-9 empl.) 8 5 39 25 Small (10-49 empl.) 21 5 60 3 Medium (50-249 empl.) 21 6 78 6 Large (250+ empl.) 31 6 86 29 Base (100%) firms using computers all firms (excl. "don't know") firms using computers Firms with external funding sources for ICT investments N (for sector, EU-10) 725 431 725 33 Questionnaire reference B6 C1 C3 C5 * Data only indicative due to low number of observations (N ~ 25-50). Source: e-Business W@tch (Survey 2006) Exhibit 3-5: Outsourcing trend: percentage of companies that have increased / decreased their outsourcing activities in 2005 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Tourism (EU-10) All 10 sectors (EU-10) -1 -3 26 31 Outsourcing has decreased Outsourcing has increased Base (100%): Companies that have outsourced ICT services. N (for sector, EU-10) = 113. Weighting: in % of firms. Questionnaire reference: B7. Source: e-Business W@tch (Survey 2006) 35
Page 1 and 2: Sector Report No. 8/2006 ICT and e-
Page 3 and 4: Tourism Table of Contents Executive
Page 5 and 6: Tourism Executive Summary Objective
Page 7 and 8: Tourism Ongoing market consolidatio
Page 9 and 10: Tourism 1 Introduction 1.1 About e-
Page 11 and 12: Tourism Methodology e-Business W@tc
Page 13 and 14: Tourism The 10 sectors studied in 2
Page 15 and 16: Tourism Exhibit 1-2: Process compon
Page 17 and 18: Tourism have a major impact, as the
Page 19 and 20: Tourism 2 Context and Background 2.
Page 21 and 22: Tourism 2.2 Industry background Tou
Page 23 and 24: Tourism Demographic changes and con
Page 25 and 26: Tourism Increasing importance of mo
Page 27 and 28: Tourism Need for stronger networkin
Page 29 and 30: Tourism 3.1 Use of and Access to IC
Page 31 and 32: Tourism Exhibit 3-2: Networks and p
Page 33: Tourism Exhibit 3-3: Demand for ICT
Page 37 and 38: Tourism No figures are available on
Page 39 and 40: Tourism Exhibit 3-8: Use of e-stand
Page 41 and 42: Tourism In the tourism industry, ab
Page 43 and 44: Tourism Hence, if decision makers i
Page 45 and 46: Tourism In general, the rather low
Page 47 and 48: Tourism between different sub-secto
Page 49 and 50: Tourism Exhibit 3-15: Online cooper
Page 51 and 52: Tourism Exhibit 3-17: Adoption of e
Page 53 and 54: Tourism tourism sub-sectors covered
Page 55 and 56: Tourism Exhibit 3-20: Main type of
Page 57 and 58: Tourism Exhibit 3-22: Main location
Page 59 and 60: Tourism companies which have their
Page 61 and 62: Tourism 3.6.1 Companies receiving o
Page 63 and 64: Tourism whether they used rather "s
Page 65 and 66: Tourism 3.6.2 e-Integration of mark
Page 67 and 68: Tourism 3.7 ICT and Innovation To e
Page 69 and 70: Tourism 3.8 Drivers and Inhibitors
Page 71 and 72: Tourism 3.8.2 Barriers to e-busines
Page 73 and 74: Tourism 3.9 Summary of the quantita
Page 75 and 76: Tourism In 2006, results for some i
Page 77 and 78: Tourism abandonment of paper ticket
Page 79 and 80: Tourism savings to the consumers; c
Page 81 and 82: Tourism 4.1.4 Growth, mergers and a
Page 83 and 84: Tourism CASE STUDY: RE-INTERMEDIATI
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Tourism Exhibit 4-3: The booking re
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Tourism situated in attractive and
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Tourism CASE STUDY: SUCCESSFUL INTE
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Tourism rural tourism to flourish a
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Tourism LCTA was very successful in
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Tourism CASE STUDY: RE-INTERMEDIATI
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Tourism of about 2.2%. Its main com
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Tourism Enhancing real-time vacancy
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Tourism CASE STUDY: CONTROLLING THE
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Tourism Instead of reducing costs f
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Tourism Whereas today, the visible
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Tourism way Accor adopted a two-tie
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Tourism 4.2 Dynamic Packaging 4.2.1
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Tourism The legal dimension, which
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Tourism No such solutions can be fo
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Tourism DP Market All market observ
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Tourism CASE STUDY: IMPLEMENTING DY
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Tourism Exhibit 4-16: Technology bu
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Tourism References Research for thi
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Tourism continue to operate, as the
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Tourism Exhibit 4-18: Customer driv
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Tourism References Research for thi
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Tourism customer uptake is expected
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Tourism such as Germanwings, Hapag-
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Tourism Intermediaries in ticket sa
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Tourism ticket.” (Matthias van Le
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Tourism terms of a considerable red
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Tourism CASE STUDY: ICT-DEPLOYMENT
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Tourism Encouraging passengers to t
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Tourism CASE STUDY: E-TICKETING AT
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Tourism e-Business activities SN Br
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Tourism implementation of a dedicat
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Tourism The case study about SN Bru
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Tourism Exhibit 5-1: Perceived over
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Tourism The influence of outsourcin
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Tourism Exhibit 5-4: Companies obse
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Tourism figures are considerably ab
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Tourism Background information: Mic
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Tourism mere availability of multip
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Tourism ICT impact on competition E
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Tourism 5.2.1 Policies to counterac
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Tourism loans, venture capital or p
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Tourism References Books and scient
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Tourism Röglein, D.; Rodriguez, M.
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Tourism Reise & Preise online (2004
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Tourism Annex I: The e-Business Sur
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Tourism Fieldwork Fieldwork was coo
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Tourism Feedback from interviewers
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Tourism The use of filter questions
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Tourism The e-Business Scoreboard 2
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Tourism Annex II: Expanded Tables -
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Tourism Exhibit A2-2: Demand for IC
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Tourism Exhibit A2-4: Companies rec
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Tourism Annex III: Glossary of Tech
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Tourism Modem MRO goods OOS Process
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Contact information: European Commi
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