ICT and e-business in the tourism industry ICT adoption ... - empirica

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Tourism Encouraging innovation and R&D in e-tourism As was stated by the renewed EU’s Lisbon strategy ‘Implementing the Community Lisbon Programme: Modern SME Policy for Growth and Employment’, research and innovation (R&D) constitute vital elements for strengthening the competitiveness of the European companies, especially against the background of increasing globalisation and international competition (European Commission 2005a). Therefore, R&D and innovation activities should be fostered – again with a particular emphasis on SMEs. The European Commission has taken an active role in this respect. While there are no tourism specific programmes in this regard the most recent Commission strategy document ‘A renewed EU Tourism Policy: Towards a stronger partnership for European Tourism’ (cf. European Commission 2006b) refers to two programmes which will be of particular importance in this respect in the coming years: the proposed ‘Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme’ and the ‘7 th EU Framework Programme for Research Technological Development and Demonstration’. 92 The proposed ‘Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme’ foresees a budget of more than € 4 billion for the period 2007-2013. The programme will specifically aim at strengthening the competitiveness of EU enterprises and SMEs. The programme has three main foci: Entrepreneurship and Innovation; ICT Policy Support; and Intelligent Energy Programme (cf. European Commission 2005c). Furthermore, research and development activities will be supported under the proposed 7 th EU Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration. Along with more generic research foci, the programme seeks to fund tourism specific R&D activities – for instance application oriented intelligent service solutions for tourism, and ICT supporting businesses and industry (i.e. new forms of dynamically networked co-operative business processes and optimised, distributed work organisation and collaborative work environments such as knowledge sharing and interactive services; a sector that has been highlighted specifically in this context is tourism) (cf. European Commission 2006c). Activities under the Framework Programme may result in benefits for the tourism industry through, amongst others, research and development on ICT or satellite applications (cf. European Commission 2006b). 92 For more information, see http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/enterprise_policy/cip/index_en.htm and http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/home.html, respectively. 168
Tourism References Books and scientific articles Airline Business and SITA (2004). Airline IT Trends Survey 2004, Airline Business, July 2004, Surrey: Sutton. Buhalis, D. / Costa, C. (2006). Tourism Business Frontiers. Oxford et al.: Elsevier. Buhalis, D. / Ujma, D. (2006). Intermediaries: travel agencies and tour operators. In: Buhalis, D. / Costa, C. (eds.). Tourism Business Frontiers. Consumers, products and industry. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 171-180. Burns, P.M. (2006). Innovation, Creativity and Competitiveness. In: Buhalis, D. / Costas, C. (eds). Tourism Management Dynamics. Trends, management and tools. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 97-107. Calder, S. (2003). No Frills. The Truth Behind The Low-Cost Revolution In The Skies. London: Virgin Books. Carr, Nicholas (2003). "IT Doesn't Matter". In: Harvard Business Review, May 2003. Carson, D. / Sharma P. (2004). Adaptive Responses by Australian Travel Agents to Disintermediation: The WebMAIL Information Network. In: Frew A.J. (ed.). Information and Communication Technologies in Toruism 2004. Proceedings of the International Conference in Cairo, Egypt, 2004. New York / Wien, Springer-Verlag. pp. 558-568. Creaton, S. (2005). Ryanair. How a Small Irish Airline Conquered Europe. London: Aurum Press. Daniele, R. / Frew, A.J. (2004). From Intermediaries to Market-makers: An Analysis of the Evolution of E-mediaries. In: Frew A.J. (ed.). Information and Communication Technologies in Toruism 2004. Proceedings of the International Conference in Cairo, Egypt, 2004. New York / Wien, Springer-Verlag. pp. 546-557. Doganis, R. (2006). The Airline Business. Second edition. London / New York: Routledge. Edeman, K. (2005). Dynamic Packaging: How Are Tour Operators Responding and How Can You Profit? Online available at: http://www.asta.org/conference/cg05/notes/DynamicPackaging.ppt ELFAA (European Low Fares Airline Association) (2004). Liberalisation of European Air Transport: The Benefits of Low Fares Airlines to Consumers, Airports, Regions and the Environment. Brussels. European Commission, DG Enterprise (2004). The European Tourism Industry. A multisector with dynamic markets. Structures, developments and importance for Europe’s economy. Enterprise publications series. Brussels. European Information Technology Observatory (2006). European Information Technology Observatory 2006. Berlin / Frankfurt am Main. European Tourism Research Institute (2005). Tourism of Tomorrow. Online available at: http://www.etour.se/download/18.58f7691048241fd54800062/Tourism%20of%20tom orrow.pdf European Travel Commission (2005a). European Tourism Insights 2004 including Outlook for 2005. A Report of the Research Group of the European Travel Commission. Brussels. 169
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Sector Report No. 8/2006 ICT and e-
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Tourism Table of Contents Executive
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Tourism Executive Summary Objective
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Tourism Ongoing market consolidatio
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Tourism 1 Introduction 1.1 About e-
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Tourism Methodology e-Business W@tc
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Tourism The 10 sectors studied in 2
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Tourism Exhibit 1-2: Process compon
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Tourism have a major impact, as the
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Tourism 2 Context and Background 2.
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Tourism 2.2 Industry background Tou
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Tourism Demographic changes and con
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Tourism Increasing importance of mo
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Tourism Need for stronger networkin
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Tourism 3.1 Use of and Access to IC
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Tourism Exhibit 3-2: Networks and p
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Tourism Exhibit 3-3: Demand for ICT
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Tourism Exhibit 3-4: Outsourcing an
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Tourism No figures are available on
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Tourism Exhibit 3-8: Use of e-stand
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Tourism In the tourism industry, ab
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Tourism Hence, if decision makers i
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Tourism In general, the rather low
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Tourism between different sub-secto
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Tourism Exhibit 3-15: Online cooper
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Tourism Exhibit 3-17: Adoption of e
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Tourism tourism sub-sectors covered
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Tourism Exhibit 3-20: Main type of
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Tourism Exhibit 3-22: Main location
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Tourism companies which have their
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Tourism 3.6.1 Companies receiving o
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Tourism whether they used rather "s
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Tourism 3.6.2 e-Integration of mark
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Tourism 3.7 ICT and Innovation To e
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Tourism 3.8 Drivers and Inhibitors
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Tourism 3.8.2 Barriers to e-busines
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Tourism 3.9 Summary of the quantita
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Tourism In 2006, results for some i
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Tourism abandonment of paper ticket
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Tourism savings to the consumers; c
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Tourism 4.1.4 Growth, mergers and a
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Tourism CASE STUDY: RE-INTERMEDIATI
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Tourism Exhibit 4-3: The booking re
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Tourism situated in attractive and
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Tourism CASE STUDY: SUCCESSFUL INTE
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Tourism rural tourism to flourish a
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Tourism LCTA was very successful in
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Tourism CASE STUDY: RE-INTERMEDIATI
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Tourism of about 2.2%. Its main com
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Tourism Enhancing real-time vacancy
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Tourism CASE STUDY: CONTROLLING THE
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Tourism Instead of reducing costs f
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Tourism Whereas today, the visible
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Tourism way Accor adopted a two-tie
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Tourism 4.2 Dynamic Packaging 4.2.1
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Tourism The legal dimension, which
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Tourism No such solutions can be fo
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Tourism DP Market All market observ
Page 117 and 118: Tourism CASE STUDY: IMPLEMENTING DY
Page 119 and 120: Tourism Exhibit 4-16: Technology bu
Page 121 and 122: Tourism References Research for thi
Page 123 and 124: Tourism continue to operate, as the
Page 125 and 126: Tourism Exhibit 4-18: Customer driv
Page 127 and 128: Tourism References Research for thi
Page 129 and 130: Tourism customer uptake is expected
Page 131 and 132: Tourism such as Germanwings, Hapag-
Page 133 and 134: Tourism Intermediaries in ticket sa
Page 135 and 136: Tourism ticket.” (Matthias van Le
Page 137 and 138: Tourism terms of a considerable red
Page 139 and 140: Tourism CASE STUDY: ICT-DEPLOYMENT
Page 141 and 142: Tourism Encouraging passengers to t
Page 143 and 144: Tourism CASE STUDY: E-TICKETING AT
Page 145 and 146: Tourism e-Business activities SN Br
Page 147 and 148: Tourism implementation of a dedicat
Page 149 and 150: Tourism The case study about SN Bru
Page 151 and 152: Tourism Exhibit 5-1: Perceived over
Page 153 and 154: Tourism The influence of outsourcin
Page 155 and 156: Tourism Exhibit 5-4: Companies obse
Page 157 and 158: Tourism figures are considerably ab
Page 159 and 160: Tourism Background information: Mic
Page 161 and 162: Tourism mere availability of multip
Page 163 and 164: Tourism ICT impact on competition E
Page 165 and 166: Tourism 5.2.1 Policies to counterac
Page 167: Tourism loans, venture capital or p
Page 171 and 172: Tourism Röglein, D.; Rodriguez, M.
Page 173 and 174: Tourism Reise & Preise online (2004
Page 175 and 176: Tourism Annex I: The e-Business Sur
Page 177 and 178: Tourism Fieldwork Fieldwork was coo
Page 179 and 180: Tourism Feedback from interviewers
Page 181 and 182: Tourism The use of filter questions
Page 183 and 184: Tourism The e-Business Scoreboard 2
Page 185 and 186: Tourism Annex II: Expanded Tables -
Page 187 and 188: Tourism Exhibit A2-2: Demand for IC
Page 189 and 190: Tourism Exhibit A2-4: Companies rec
Page 191 and 192: Tourism Annex III: Glossary of Tech
Page 193 and 194: Tourism Modem MRO goods OOS Process
Page 196: Contact information: European Commi
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