ICT and e-business in the tourism industry ICT adoption ... - empirica
ICT and e-business in the tourism industry ICT adoption ... - empirica
ICT and e-business in the tourism industry ICT adoption ... - empirica
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Tourism<br />
Exhibit 3-8: Use of e-st<strong>and</strong>ards<br />
EDI-based<br />
st<strong>and</strong>ards<br />
XML-based<br />
st<strong>and</strong>ards<br />
Proprietary<br />
st<strong>and</strong>ards<br />
O<strong>the</strong>r<br />
st<strong>and</strong>ards<br />
Weight<strong>in</strong>g: % of<br />
empl.<br />
% of<br />
firms<br />
% of<br />
empl.<br />
% of<br />
firms<br />
% of<br />
empl.<br />
% of<br />
firms<br />
% of<br />
empl.<br />
% of<br />
firms<br />
Tourism (EU-10) 7 2 15 6 20 10 3 1<br />
Micro (1-9 empl.) 2 7 7 0<br />
Small (10-49 empl.) 5 4 19 4<br />
Medium (50-249 empl.) 7 13 26 5<br />
Large (250+ empl.) 14 28 30 3<br />
All 10 sectors (EU-10) 9 3 11 5 19 12 4 2<br />
Micro (1-9 empl.) 2 6 10<br />
Small (10-49 empl.) 4 5 13<br />
Medium (50-249 empl.) 10 10 24<br />
Large (250+ empl.) 29 27 31<br />
Base (100%)<br />
firms us<strong>in</strong>g<br />
computers<br />
firms us<strong>in</strong>g<br />
computers<br />
firms us<strong>in</strong>g<br />
computers<br />
firms us<strong>in</strong>g<br />
computers<br />
N (for sector, EU-10) 725 725 725 725<br />
Questionnaire reference G1a G1b G1c G1d<br />
Source: e-Bus<strong>in</strong>ess W@tch (Survey 2006)<br />
From those companies that use EDI <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>tourism</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustry, <strong>the</strong> vast majority uses<br />
<strong>in</strong>ternet based EDI (about 78%) <strong>and</strong> only an <strong>in</strong>significant number of firms uses st<strong>and</strong>ard<br />
EDI; about 21% said that <strong>the</strong>y use both <strong>in</strong>ternet <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ard EDI (see Exhibit 3-9). In<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r words: Internet EDI seems to be suitable for literally all <strong>tourism</strong> companies which<br />
are operat<strong>in</strong>g an EDI system.<br />
Exhibit 3-9: Types of EDI used<br />
0 20 40 60 80 100<br />
Tourism (EU-10)<br />
1<br />
78<br />
21<br />
All 10 sectors (EU-10)<br />
3<br />
71<br />
26<br />
St<strong>and</strong>ard EDI Internet EDI Both<br />
Base (100%): Companies us<strong>in</strong>g EDI. N (for sector, EU-10) = 39*.<br />
* Data only <strong>in</strong>dicative due to low number of observations.<br />
Weight<strong>in</strong>g: <strong>in</strong> % of firms. Questionnaire reference: G3.<br />
Source: e-Bus<strong>in</strong>ess W@tch (Survey 2006)<br />
39