ICT and e-business in the tourism industry ICT adoption ... - empirica

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Tourism do not use a computer. 94 This should be considered when comparing figures over the years, as figures either represent a percentage of "all companies" (as in 2002 and 2003) or a percentage of "companies using computers" (as in 2005 and 2006). Differences are minimal, though, when figures have been weighted by employment. The 10 sectors which were selected for the 2006 survey are extremely heterogeneous in terms of their size. Construction and tourism are by far the largest with about 1.5 million enterprises in each of the EU-25. 95 At the other end of the range is the consumer electronics industry with about 5,400 enterprises; this is a factor of about 280 between the largest and smallest sector. This imbalance has inevitably a substantial impact on weighting and thus on aggregate results, which are dominated by figures from construction and tourism. Table 1: Population coverage of the e-Business Survey 2006 No. NACE Rev. 1.1 Sectors covered No. of enterprises in EU-25 * No. of interviews conducted 1 DA 15 (most groups) Food and beverages 282,000 1,709 2 DC 19.3 Footwear 13,700 980 3 DE 21 Pulp, paper and paper products 18,400 1,158 4 DL 30, 32.1+2 ICT manufacturing 31,800 1,687 5 DL 32.3 Consumer electronics 5,400 665 6 DM 35.11 Shipbuilding and repair 7,200 150 7 F 45.2+3 (selected classes) Construction 1,546,000 2,655 8 H 55.1/3, I 63.3, O 92.33/52 Tourism 1,500,000 2,663 9 I 64.2 Telecommunication services 12,900 1,580 10 N 85.11 Hospital activities (e) 13,000 834 * mostly based on Eurostat SBS, latest available figures (e) = estimated on the basis of figures for the former EU-15 (no figures available for EU-25) Sampling frame and method No cut-off was made in terms of minimum size of firms. The sample drawn was a random sample of companies from the respective sector population in each of the countries, with the objective of fulfilling minimum strata with respect to company size class per countrysector cell. Strata were to include a 10% share of large companies (250+ employees), 30% of medium sized enterprises (50-249 employees), 25% of small enterprises (10-49 employees) and up to 35% of micro enterprises with less than 10 employees. Samples were drawn locally by fieldwork organisations based on official statistical records and widely recognised business directories such as Dun & Bradstreet or Heins und Partner Business Pool (both used in several countries). The survey was carried out as an enterprise survey: data collection and reporting focus on the enterprise, defined as a business organisation (legal unit) with one or more establishments. Due to the rather small population of enterprises in some of the sectors, target quota, particularly in the larger enterprise size-bands, could not be accomplished in each of the countries. In these cases, interviews were shifted to the next largest size-band (from large to medium-sized, from medium-sized to small), or to other sectors. 94 95 Non-computer users include typically small craft firms (textile, construction), bars, restaurants or pensions (in tourism), and small food producing companies. Construction (NACE Rev. 1.1 F 45) in total has about 2.3 million enterprises. The sub-sectors covered in 2006 (see Table 1) account for about 1.5 million out of these. 176
Tourism Fieldwork Fieldwork was coordinated by the German branch of Ipsos GmbH (www.ipsos.de) and conducted in cooperation with its local partner organisations (see Table 2) on behalf of e- Business W@tch. 96 The survey had a scope of 14,081 interviews, spread across the 29 countries and 10 industries covered. In 10 countries ("EU-10"), all 10 sectors were covered; in the other countries, selected industries were surveyed. In most countries, between 400 and 750 interviews were conducted. Pilot interviews prior to the regular fieldwork were conducted with 23 companies in Germany in February 2006, in order to test the questionnaire (structure, comprehensibility of questions). Table 2: Institutes that conducted the fieldwork of the e-Business Survey 2006 and no. of interviews per country (#) Institute # Int. Institute # Int. BE Ipsos Belgium, 1050 Brussels 400 MT Misco International Ltd., 101 Valetta VLT 04 CZ Ipsos Czech Republic, Skolska 32/694, 110 00 Praha 1 DK Vilstrup Research AS, 1360 Copenhagen 750 NL Ipsos Belgium, 1050 Brussels 400 403 AT Spectra Marktforschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., 4020 Linz DE Ipsos GmbH, 23879 Mölln 800 PL Ipsos Poland, 02-508 Warszawa EE Marketing and Public Opinion Research Centre SKDS, Riga LV-1010 314 PT Ipsos Portugal, 1070-15 Lisbon EL Synovate Hellas, 15451 Athens 407 SI GfK Gral-Iteo trazne raziskave d.o.o., 1000 Ljubljana ES Ipsos Eco Consulting, 28036 Madrid 754 SK GfK Slovakia Ltd., 813 41 Bratislava 1 FR Ipsos France, 75739 Paris 751 FI Taloustutkimus Oy, 00510 Helsinki IE Landsdowne Market Research, Dublin 1 IT Demoskopea S.p.A., 00199 Roma 400 752 400 400 400 752 400 SE GfK Sverige AB, 22100 Lund 400 756 UK Continental Research, London EC1V 7DY CY Synovate Cyprus, 2107 Nicosia 209 EEA and Acceding/Candidate countries LV Marketing and Public Opinion 432 NO Norstat Norway, 0159 Oslo 401 LT Research Centre SKDS, Riga 404 BG TNS BBSS Gallup LV-1010 Interbational, 1164 Sofia 400 LU Ipsos GmbH, 23879 Mölln/20097 Hamburg 750 117 RO Field Insights, Bucharest 2 440 HU Szonda Ipsos, 1096 Budapest 772 TR Bilesim International Research & Consultancy Inc. Turkey, 34676 Istanbul 400 96 The survey was carried out under two different contracts. The survey in the six largest EU countries (DE, ES, FR, IT, PL, UK) was carried out as part of the e-Business W@tch contract between the European Commission and empirica GmbH; the survey in the other countries was carried out in parallel, but under a different contract (following an open call for tender for the "extended e-Business W@tch survey", issued in 2005). 177
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Sector Report No. 8/2006 ICT and e-
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Tourism Table of Contents Executive
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Tourism Executive Summary Objective
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Tourism Ongoing market consolidatio
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Tourism 1 Introduction 1.1 About e-
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Tourism Methodology e-Business W@tc
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Tourism The 10 sectors studied in 2
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Tourism Exhibit 1-2: Process compon
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Tourism have a major impact, as the
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Tourism 2 Context and Background 2.
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Tourism 2.2 Industry background Tou
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Tourism Demographic changes and con
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Tourism Increasing importance of mo
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Tourism Need for stronger networkin
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Tourism 3.1 Use of and Access to IC
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Tourism Exhibit 3-2: Networks and p
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Tourism Exhibit 3-3: Demand for ICT
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Tourism Exhibit 3-4: Outsourcing an
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Tourism No figures are available on
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Tourism Exhibit 3-8: Use of e-stand
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Tourism In the tourism industry, ab
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Tourism Hence, if decision makers i
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Tourism In general, the rather low
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Tourism between different sub-secto
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Tourism Exhibit 3-15: Online cooper
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Tourism Exhibit 3-17: Adoption of e
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Tourism tourism sub-sectors covered
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Tourism Exhibit 3-20: Main type of
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Tourism Exhibit 3-22: Main location
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Tourism companies which have their
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Tourism 3.6.1 Companies receiving o
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Tourism whether they used rather "s
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Tourism 3.6.2 e-Integration of mark
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Tourism 3.7 ICT and Innovation To e
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Tourism 3.8 Drivers and Inhibitors
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Tourism 3.8.2 Barriers to e-busines
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Tourism 3.9 Summary of the quantita
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Tourism In 2006, results for some i
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Tourism abandonment of paper ticket
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Tourism savings to the consumers; c
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Tourism 4.1.4 Growth, mergers and a
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Tourism CASE STUDY: RE-INTERMEDIATI
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Tourism Exhibit 4-3: The booking re
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Tourism situated in attractive and
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Tourism CASE STUDY: SUCCESSFUL INTE
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Tourism rural tourism to flourish a
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Tourism LCTA was very successful in
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Tourism CASE STUDY: RE-INTERMEDIATI
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Tourism of about 2.2%. Its main com
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Tourism Enhancing real-time vacancy
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Tourism CASE STUDY: CONTROLLING THE
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Tourism Instead of reducing costs f
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Tourism Whereas today, the visible
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Tourism way Accor adopted a two-tie
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Tourism 4.2 Dynamic Packaging 4.2.1
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Tourism The legal dimension, which
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Tourism No such solutions can be fo
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Tourism DP Market All market observ
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Tourism CASE STUDY: IMPLEMENTING DY
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Tourism Exhibit 4-16: Technology bu
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Tourism References Research for thi
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Tourism continue to operate, as the
Page 125 and 126: Tourism Exhibit 4-18: Customer driv
Page 127 and 128: Tourism References Research for thi
Page 129 and 130: Tourism customer uptake is expected
Page 131 and 132: Tourism such as Germanwings, Hapag-
Page 133 and 134: Tourism Intermediaries in ticket sa
Page 135 and 136: Tourism ticket.” (Matthias van Le
Page 137 and 138: Tourism terms of a considerable red
Page 139 and 140: Tourism CASE STUDY: ICT-DEPLOYMENT
Page 141 and 142: Tourism Encouraging passengers to t
Page 143 and 144: Tourism CASE STUDY: E-TICKETING AT
Page 145 and 146: Tourism e-Business activities SN Br
Page 147 and 148: Tourism implementation of a dedicat
Page 149 and 150: Tourism The case study about SN Bru
Page 151 and 152: Tourism Exhibit 5-1: Perceived over
Page 153 and 154: Tourism The influence of outsourcin
Page 155 and 156: Tourism Exhibit 5-4: Companies obse
Page 157 and 158: Tourism figures are considerably ab
Page 159 and 160: Tourism Background information: Mic
Page 161 and 162: Tourism mere availability of multip
Page 163 and 164: Tourism ICT impact on competition E
Page 165 and 166: Tourism 5.2.1 Policies to counterac
Page 167 and 168: Tourism loans, venture capital or p
Page 169 and 170: Tourism References Books and scient
Page 171 and 172: Tourism Röglein, D.; Rodriguez, M.
Page 173 and 174: Tourism Reise & Preise online (2004
Page 175: Tourism Annex I: The e-Business Sur
Page 179 and 180: Tourism Feedback from interviewers
Page 181 and 182: Tourism The use of filter questions
Page 183 and 184: Tourism The e-Business Scoreboard 2
Page 185 and 186: Tourism Annex II: Expanded Tables -
Page 187 and 188: Tourism Exhibit A2-2: Demand for IC
Page 189 and 190: Tourism Exhibit A2-4: Companies rec
Page 191 and 192: Tourism Annex III: Glossary of Tech
Page 193 and 194: Tourism Modem MRO goods OOS Process
Page 196: Contact information: European Commi
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