The Palestinian Economy. Theoretical and Practical Challenges

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Proceedings “The Palestinian Economy: Theoretical and Practical Challenges” 359 3.2. Microsimulation Technique The microsimulation-based decomposition technique involves simulating various distributions of health care utilisation that would emerge under different hypothetical scenarios. For each simulated distribution, a CI is estimated using convenient covariance methods (Lerman and Yitzhaki 1989), and tested using bootstrap methods (Abu-Zaineh, Mataria et al. 2008). The technique takes as its starting point the notion of perfectly equal distribution of health care utilisation. This is defined as the counterfactual distribution of health care that would be observed if all individuals (groups) in the population, irrespective of their SES, had the same medical and nonmedaical characteristics, with similar effects on participation and conditional consumption behaviours. Hence, if i, j: x j , i = x j & m j,i = m j – where d & g, β g = β; g = – then, x j and m j are the sample’s means – and if g: b g = b; d g = i bˆ m dˆ Fx ˆ ˆ 0 , yˆ 1 2 m2 i G x 1 participation conditional use (8) This distribution whose CI is necessarily zero constitutes the baseline with which a oneby-one comparison of each explanatory factor is carried out so as to identify its contribution to inequality. The first distribution can be derived by assuming different health care needs as, ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ 1, i 2, i 1 iy , ˆ Gxbm dF x m (9) i 1 2 and the transformation C C gives the contribution of heterogeneity in medical-need ˆ0 to use-inequality. Thus, y i 1 yˆ i I C C C (10) ( N ) 1 0 1 yî yî yî The heterogeneity in the behaviour of the SES groups – as related to participation part – can be obtained as,
360 Abu-Zaineh – Mataria ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ig , yˆ G xbm d F x m (11) 2a , ig , 1 1i , g 2 2i , The extent of inequality that is attributed to heterogeneity in behaviour associated with participation part can be captured as, I C C y (12) ˆ ( PP) yˆ 2, a 1 i, . g i Likewise, heterogeneity in behaviour as per conditional usage can be obtained as, ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ig , yˆ G xbm d F x m (13) 2b , ig , 1 1i , g 2 2i , g and the degree of inequality due to heterogeneity in conditional usage can be captured as, I C C (14) yˆ ( CC) 2, b yˆ 2, a ig , i,g Considering the effect of socioeconomic characteristics, the distribution in Eq. (13) can be reproduced such that socioeconomic variables are allowed to vary amongst the population. Thus, ˆ ˆ , , ˆ , ˆ , ˆ 3 i 1i 1i g 2i 2i g i y G x bm d F x m (15) The part of inequality due to the distribution of socioeconomic variables can be captured as, I C C (16) y ( SEV ) ˆ3 yˆ 2, b i i,g Note that the simulated distribution obtained from Eq. (15) employs the individual specific- socioeconomic characteristics ( x j. i ), but the population-wide effect ( bˆ and ˆ ).
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The Palestinian Economy Theoretical
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© Gianni Vaggi - Marco Missaglia -
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VOLUME II
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246 Zagha 1. Introduction The local
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248 Zagha and groups in political d
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250 Zagha drawbacks in the politica
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252 Zagha it is not surprising that
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254 Zagha economy (including expend
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256 Zagha social norms sharply dist
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258 Zagha Bird (1995) puts it, info
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260 Zagha intergovernmental fiscal
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262 Zagha low rate flat tax levied
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264 Zagha need to be given access t
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266 Zagha Such failures are found i
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268 Zagha 4.1.3. The Relationship b
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270 Zagha a final account report of
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272 Zagha 4.1.6. Functions of LGUs
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274 Zagha • Management of LGU ass
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276 Zagha Figure 2: Local Governmen
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278 Zagha In summary, what the data
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280 Zagha on the cash basis. Almost
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282 Zagha Figure 7: Business Opinio
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284 Zagha within the Palestinian na
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286 Zagha Table 5: Number of NGOs i
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288 Zagha Fiscal decentralisation i
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290 Zagha Burki, J., Perry, G., Dil
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292 Zagha Palestinian Legislative C
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Issues, Performance and Trajectorie
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Proceedings “The Palestinian Econ
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424 Olivera provisions - in particu
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426 Olivera Figure 1: Economic Grow
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428 Olivera 3. Traditional economic
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430 Olivera costs and lower market
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