The Palestinian Economy. Theoretical and Practical Challenges

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Proceedings “The Palestinian Economy: Theoretical and Practical Challenges” 373 Overall, the extent to which the distribution of need by income drives use-inequality differs by the levels of care and between the two regions. While the actual distributions of all levels of care utilisation (C y ) are barely, if ever, distributed to match the pro-poor distributions of need, some diverse trends emerge: in the two regions, the actual pro-poor distribution of primary-care appears to be much “less pro-poor” than that expected on the basis of needs [C y = –0.0527 and –0.0415 vs. I N = –0.0925 and –0.0772 for the WB and GS, respectively], whereas the opposite is true for all other cases: the actual pro-rich distributions of both secondary-care (outpatient and inpatient services) and tertiary-care appear to be a lot “more pro-rich” compared to what would be required on the basis of needs (e.g., for inpatient-care, C y = 0.0617 and 0.0313 vs. I N = –0.0377 and –0.0171, and for tertiary-care, C y = 0.1311 and 0.1204 vs. I N = –0.0815 and –0.0741 for the WB and GS, respectively). This clearly suggests that if the utilisation of each level of health care were driven by need factors alone, pro-poor inequalities would have been merged. This also suggests that the overall measured inequality in the utilisation of each level of care (I y ) is about 50 % lower than it would have been, if need had been distributed equally by income – i.e., if I N was equal to zero.
374 Abu-Zaineh – Mataria Table 4.2: Decomposition of Income-related Inequality and Horizontal Inequity in Health Care Utilisation by Levels of Health Care * Me asu re Description Primary Care Secondary Care- Outpatient Secondary Care-Inpatient Tertiary Care WB GS WB GS WB GS WB GS Iy Total incomerelated inequality -0.0527 -0.0415 0.0511 0.0274 0.0617 0.0313 0.1311 0.1204 (Cy) IN Inequality due to need factors (all) -0.0925 -0.0772 -0.0278 -0.0139 -0.0337 -0.0171 -0.0815 -0.0741 partial contribution of: Ck Morbidity Var. -0.0829 -0.0679 -0.0247 -0.0125 -0.0298 -0.0149 -0.0749 -0.0684 Ck Demographic Var. -0.0096 -0.0093 -0.0031 -0.0014 -0.0039 -0.0022 -0.0066 -0.0057 Inequality due to IN non-need factors N (all) 0.0398 0.0357 0.0789 0.0413 0.0954 0.0484 0.2126 0.1945 HI Horizontal Inequity Index 0.0398 0.0357 0.0789 0.0413 0.0954 0.0484 0.2126 0.1945 IV Inequity due to socioeconomic 0.0256 0.0240 0.0531 0.0273 0.0640 0.0306 0.1494 0.1315 var.(all) partial contribution of: Ck Income 0.0142 0.0141 0.0302 0.0168 0.0361 0.0181 0.0961 0.0891 Ck Education 0.0047 0.0041 0.0104 0.0054 0.0105 0.0050 0.0172 0.0170 Ck Insurance 0.0004 0.0003 0.0022 0.0011 0.0018 0.0008 0.0152 0.0135 Ck Activity status 0.0028 0.0026 0.0019 0.0009 0.0051 0.0023 0.0003 0.0010 Ck Marital status 0.0026 0.0024 0.0017 0.0009 0.0038 0.0018 0.0002 0.0004 Ck Location of residence 0.0010 0.0005 0.0067 0.0021 0.0067 0.0026 0.0204 0.0105 IB Inequity due to heterogeneity in 0.0127 0.0107 0.0247 0.0135 0.0312 0.0164 0.0605 0.0589 behaviour partial contribution: IPP Participation 0.0114 0.0095 0.0161 0.0081 0.0201 0.0105 0.0427 0.0388 ICC Conditional usage -0.0049 -0.0033 0.0069 0.0022 0.0099 0.0051 0.0128 0.0142 ISE Other socioecon.(all) 0.0062 0.0045 0.0016 0.0032 0.0012 0.0008 0.0050 0.0059 C IR Residual term 0.0015 0.0010 0.0011 0.0005 0.0002 0.0014 0.0027 0.0040 Note: * A positive (negative) value of the index indicates a pro-rich (pro-poor) distribution. Index in bold type indicates statistical significantly different from zero at (p < 0.05).
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The Palestinian Economy Theoretical
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© Gianni Vaggi - Marco Missaglia -
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VOLUME II
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246 Zagha 1. Introduction The local
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248 Zagha and groups in political d
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250 Zagha drawbacks in the politica
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252 Zagha it is not surprising that
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254 Zagha economy (including expend
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256 Zagha social norms sharply dist
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258 Zagha Bird (1995) puts it, info
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260 Zagha intergovernmental fiscal
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262 Zagha low rate flat tax levied
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264 Zagha need to be given access t
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266 Zagha Such failures are found i
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268 Zagha 4.1.3. The Relationship b
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270 Zagha a final account report of
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272 Zagha 4.1.6. Functions of LGUs
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274 Zagha • Management of LGU ass
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276 Zagha Figure 2: Local Governmen
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278 Zagha In summary, what the data
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280 Zagha on the cash basis. Almost
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282 Zagha Figure 7: Business Opinio
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284 Zagha within the Palestinian na
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286 Zagha Table 5: Number of NGOs i
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288 Zagha Fiscal decentralisation i
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290 Zagha Burki, J., Perry, G., Dil
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292 Zagha Palestinian Legislative C
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Issues, Performance and Trajectorie
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Proceedings “The Palestinian Econ
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The Effect of the Israeli-Palestini
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424 Olivera provisions - in particu
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426 Olivera Figure 1: Economic Grow
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428 Olivera 3. Traditional economic
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430 Olivera costs and lower market
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