Immunization and child health materials development guide pdf

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Use Appropriate Illustrative Styles. Illustrations come in different styles, from line drawings to shaded drawings, photographs to cartoons. Photos without background detail are more clearly understood by some audiences than are drawings. When drawings are more appropriate, some audiences might prefer shaded line drawings rather than simple line drawings. Test shading carefully to make sure that it is acceptable and obvious enough that it is not mistaken for poor-quality printing. Similarly, cartoon figures or highly stylized drawings may or may not be well understood, depending on the audience’s familiarity with cartoon characterizations and abstract representation (see Figure A4-8). Test identical messages, using the same symbols, in several graphic styles to determine which style is most acceptable to, and understood best by, the audience. Figure A4-8. Use Appropriate Illustrative Styles Illustration A Illustration B Here, the same message, “Breast milk is best for your baby,” is shown using different illustrative styles: photograph (A), simple line drawing (B), minimally stylized drawing (C), and highly stylized drawing (D). Courtesy of Nestle Illustration C Illustration D Page 114
Take a Positive Approach. Negative messages may be alienating or discouraging rather than motivating. (See Figure A4-9.) Figure A4-9. Take a Positive Approach This illustration uses a positive message to depict that pregnant women should carry less weight than non-pregnant women should. Illustrating a pregnant woman with a heavy load and putting an “X” going through the picture is a common, negative technique that is often misunderstood by people with low literacy skills. Courtesy of Maendeleo ya Wanawake, Kenya 2. Text Choose a Type Style and Size that Are Easy to Read. Choose a type style that is clear and easy to read, especially for audiences with low literacy skills. Remember that italic and sans serif type styles can be more difficult to read. Also, use a type size that is large enough for the audience to read: a 12- point font for text. Use Uppercase and Lowercase Letters and Regular Type. Text printed in all upper case letters is more difficult to read. For emphasis, use underlining or distinctively bold typeface. Test the Reading Level. For low-literate audiences, use short words whenever possible, and keep sentences short. For a literate audience, use more complex language, since they may be offended by overly simplified language. If the material has a lot of text, draft materials may be tested with standard readability tests such as SMOG or Fry. Appendix 3 explains how to apply the SMOG test. Proper pretesting with the intended audience usually will indicate whether the language level of a material is appropriate for that audience. Columns or Wide Margins. Use columns, or allow wide margins around text so the reader has a shorter distance to read from left to right. Sidebars and Pullout Text. Use sidebars, boxes, and pullouts to tell stories and highlight examples. Page 115
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Immunization and Child Health Mater
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immunization and child health mater
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Table of Contents Page A Letter fro
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Materials development is especially
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The Guide explores qualitative rese
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Step 1. Plan Your Project The first
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THE CREATIVE BRIEF 3 A creative bri
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Figure 1. Sample Materials Developm
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Step 2. Identify and Study Your Aud
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• Fieldworkers, traditional birth
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2. Define Your Audience by Stages o
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B. Determine Informational Needs of
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2. Decide Which Method Best Meets Y
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In-Depth: Effective Qualitative Res
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• Ask participants to imagine som
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Figure 11. Principles of Question D
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Figure 12. Tips for the Facilitator
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Figure 14. Example of Organizing FG
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immunization. Make sure the questio
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3. Identify Patterns. As the facili
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SUMMARY OF FOCUS GROUP PHASES Phase
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Figure 17. Organizing Your Notes 22
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Step 3. Develop Messages
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A meeting with policy-makers may be
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Figure 18. Guidelines for Designing
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Step 4. Create Draft Materials Keep
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The artist can prepare more than on
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C. Video Materials Producing a vide
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VIDEO Same expert demonstrates Solo
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Special Advantages of the Web. The
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• Easy to Create. A single person
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MAKE AN INTERACTIVE, “BRANCHING
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- Get Outside Help, If You Need It.
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Step 5. Pretest and Revise Draft Ma
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B. Measuring Variables Pretesting m
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Figure 25. Drafts of an ORS Message
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In-Depth: Effective Pretesting 1. P
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Low-Literate Materials Pretest Form
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Using the Pretest Data Sheet. Use t
Page 84 and 85: A response to a picture is consider
Page 86 and 87: Figure 30. Sample Illustration, Pre
Page 88 and 89: Figure 32. Completed Print Material
Page 90 and 91: 8) Then, multiply the answer by 100
Page 92 and 93: Figure 35. Pretesting Pattern for O
Page 94 and 95: • Introduction. Introduce yoursel
Page 96 and 97: • Written Pretest Questionnaire.
Page 98 and 99: Step 6. Produce Materials
Page 100 and 101: Economies of Scale. Often, the more
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Page 104 and 105: Step 7. Distribute Materials and Tr
Page 106 and 107: Figure 36. Tips for Using Print Mat
Page 108 and 109: Step 8. Evaluate Materials
Page 110 and 111: Appendix 18 includes a sample evalu
Page 116 and 117: References AIDSCAP. How to Conduct
Page 118 and 119: Glossary of Acronyms AIDSCAP BCC BD
Page 120 and 121: PATH (Program for Appropriate Techn
Page 122 and 123: Appendices
Page 124 and 125: Appendix 1 Topic Guide for Focus Gr
Page 126 and 127: E. Closure 1. Review any patterns o
Page 128 and 129: Appendix 3 SMOG Readability Formula
Page 130 and 131: Leave Plenty of White Space. This m
Page 132 and 133: Use Simple Illustrations. Avoid ext
Page 136 and 137: Appendix 5 Hiring Experts If you ha
Page 138 and 139: Sample Letter January 25, 2001 Dire
Page 140 and 141: Appendix 7 Video Camera Directions,
Page 142 and 143: 22. Titles: (a) Cards, film, slides
Page 144 and 145: ⇑ Clearly identify steps in a tec
Page 146 and 147: Appendix 10 Sample Questions for Pr
Page 148 and 149: Appendix 12 Pretest Data Sheet Pret
Page 150 and 151: Appendix 14 Group Pretest Answer Sh
Page 152 and 153: Appendix 16 Radio and Video Pretest
Page 154 and 155: Appendix 18 Evaluation Form Evaluat
Page 158 and 159: 6. What was most useful about the G
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Immunization and child health materials development guide pdf

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