Jozani biodiversity inventory report 2002 - Coastal Forests of Kenya ...

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3.0 METHODS 3.1 Vegetation sampling Botanical assessment of Jozani-Chwaka Bay proposed National Park ecosystem was carried out in order to produce information relevant to the environment impacts. The study involved identification of vegetation types and the species diversity comprising the flora of the area. This procedure enables to expose the threatened and rare species of the area, and suggestions of any conservation measures for the rare and endangered species. The floristic survey at the study area adopted three approaches: • Reconnaissance • Sampling intensity comprising of vegetation data collection and structured questionnaires. • Literature survey relevant to Jozani-Chwaka Bay proposed National Park. 3.1.1 Reconnaissance This was carried out for 2 days (see also section 3.3.1) in order to identify different vegetation types and sites at which to establish sampling transects. Vegetation classification was based on the concepts of Greenway (1973) as modified by White (1983), Herlocker (1999) and Beentje (1994). This classification combines physiognomic and floristic criteria including the dominant species of the dominant stratum of the vegetation as follows: Category Life form Height Woody canopy Herb Vertical stratification cover cover Forest Trees 5 - 40 m Closed, >80% nil 1 - 2 storeys Bushland Shrubs with few Emergent trees 10 > 20% to Little or single or shrub layered and thickets emergent trees - 20 m closed nil Wooded grassland Stunted or dwarf trees < 5 m except in clustered thickets >80% single Grasses - perennial - annual 25 - 100 cm < 10 cm Shrubland Shrubs or dwarf shrubs to 2 m or 1 – 2m with emergent trees < Bushes >20% Open area Little or > 50% Shrub entangled with lianas or climbers clustred bushes 5m high. 20% > 90% Homogenous cover Mangrove formation Trees and bushes on shores periodically flooded 5 – 25 m > 20% nil 1 - 2 storeys This basic information was used to assess the different vegetation communities that were classified into 10 vegetation types as indicated in Table 1 in the results section. 14
3.1.2 Vegetation data collection The classification and mapping of vegetation communities are the initial phases of ecological inventory. Sources of information include observations on, and measurements of species abundance, heights and diameter at breast height (DBH) for trees, how these attributes are influenced by the natural environment and by different types and intensities of land use practices. Eleven vegetation communities were recognized in this study area. Mangrove vegetation community was studied separately in another study. During sampling at least one transect line was established for each vegetation community that was identified during reconnaissance except for grassland, mangrove vegetation, shrubland and marine vegetation. Shrubland and grassland were not studied quantitatively but their species compositions were enumerated on various randomly selected sites. The mangrove vegetation and marine vegetation (algae and seagrasses) were not quantitatively assesed because they have already been separately studied in other studies (Shunula, 1997; Mohammed, 1999). The data were collected using a Nested Quadrat Method (Stohlgren et al, 1995; Crawley, 1997). Along each transect, sample plots were fixed at 100m intervals and each rectangular plot of 50m x 20m dimensions contained sub-plots for sampling shrubs and herbs as indicated below. Life Form Fixed plot area Length Width Definition Herbs 2.0m 2 2.0m 0.5m All forbs and grasses under 1.5m & all annuals Shrubs 10.0m 2 5.0m 2.0m Woody plants higher than 1.5m with dbh 10cm GPS readings were taken at each sample point but in the forest readings for some points could not be obtained due to forest shade and for such cases a gap or opening closest to the point was chosen where there was sufficient light. All herbs and shrubs that occur within the sub-plots were recorded and the number of individuals for each species was counted. Trees were recorded and measurements included height and DBH for each individual. Where individual trees were multi-stemmed from below the breast height, each stem was measured as a separate individual. 15
Page 1 and 2: SERIKALI YA MAPINDUZI ZANZIBAR CARE
Page 3 and 4: 4.1.2 Floristic diversity and speci
Page 5 and 6: Figure 3: Distribution of tree heig
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements We would like to t
Page 10 and 11: Executive Summary A biodiversity in
Page 12 and 13: are reported to occur in Chwaka Bay
Page 14 and 15: Biodiversity hotspots are biologica
Page 16 and 17: establishing a forest reserve. Thes
Page 19 and 20: Quaternary rocks have a mixture of
Page 21 and 22: joining marshes and springs. Appare
Page 25: provides human population in villag
Page 29: 3.2.2 Digitization and rectificatio
Page 32: Transect SN Name 3 Bondeni (Evergre
Page 35 and 36: 3.3.2.4 Amphibians Most amphibian s
Page 37 and 38: 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Vege
Page 39 and 40: VEGETATION CATEGORIES AND MAIN EDAP
Page 41 and 42: Jozani forest is the only large rem
Page 43 and 44: 1994). Ecological indicators are us
Page 45 and 46: conditions. Acrostichum aureum and
Page 47 and 48: Table 5: Summarized tree data for d
Page 49 and 50: ground water forest. It may also me
Page 51 and 52: production of conventional medicine
Page 53 and 54: Botanical name Vernacular name Dise
Page 55 and 56: government of Zanzibar realized tha
Page 57 and 58: Species name Medicinal Firewood Cha
Page 59 and 60: the endangered red colobus monkey.
Page 61 and 62: Zanzibar Leopard (Panthera pardus a
Page 63 and 64: including secondary thicket. The du
Page 65 and 66: habitats. The elephant shrews thoug
Page 67 and 68: Four night drive transects ran from
Page 69 and 70: Table 13: Relative abundance of som
Page 71 and 72: for limited number of animal groups
Page 73 and 74: Amphibian catch rate per 100 trap n
Page 75 and 76: Table 16: Shannon Weaver Diversity
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Animal group Common name Scientific
Page 79 and 80:
2. Feeding migrations: movement awa
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- places of great attraction of lar
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In Chwaka Bay fish production by ar
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In Chwaka Bay some fishers use fish
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is given on Appendix Xa, and the nu
Page 89 and 90:
5.0 EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOUR
Page 91 and 92:
6.0 POTENTIAL THREATS TO BIODIVERSI
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as plague. Rattus rattus have been
Page 95 and 96:
given the large number of visitors
Page 97 and 98:
Group Species Threats Invertebrates
Page 99 and 100:
3. Immediate scientific measures sh
Page 101 and 102:
14. Mangrove formations for instanc
Page 103 and 104:
iodiversity conservation. Emphasis
Page 105 and 106:
REFERENCES Archer, A. L. and Mwinyi
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FAO/Department of Environment Zanzi
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Migdoll, I. (1987) Field Guide to t
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UNEP (2001) Eastern Africa Atlas of
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Appendix I: Plant checklist of Joza
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FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
Page 117 and 118:
FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
Page 119 and 120:
Appendix II: Species abundance in h
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S/N SPECIES NAME SAMPLE TOTAL R.D R
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1 2 3 4 INDIVID (%) (%) UALS 1 Achy
Page 125 and 126:
TRANSECT IX: HERBS (0.5m x 2m) S/N
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13 Rhus natalensis 3 3 5.36 5.88 14
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9 Maytenus mossambicensis 1 1 1.89
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UALS 1 Acacia mangium 1 1 1.90 6.67
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Transect Species No. of individuals
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Transect Species No. of individuals
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Appendix IV: Questionnaire Yafuatay
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(v) Taja mimea inayopendwa au inayo
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(ii) Occupation of respondents Farm
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(vi) Vegetation The figure below in
Page 145 and 146:
Local name Scientific name Use Tiss
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Local name English name Use Chura F
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Frequency of mention 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Knowledge of transmissable disease
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Appendix VI: List of algae and seag
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Reptiles DERMOCHELYIDAE Dermochelys
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MEGADERMATIDAE Cardioderma cor Hear
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Appendix VIII: Results from trappin
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(No capture) Bucket Pitfall Traplin
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Trapping effort (No. of snaps) (No
Page 165 and 166:
Appendix IXa: Brief description of
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BOTHIDAE Colour: eyed side brown, o
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HOLOCENTRIDAE Colour: usually red o
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MULLIDAE Colour: variable, ground c
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Colour: inshore scapionfishes are m
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FAMILY Species Common name CHAETODO
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SERRANIDAE Cromileptes altivelis Ba
Page 179 and 180:
Epamera sidus Trimen ✪✪ Epamera
Page 181 and 182:
Checklist of Dragonflies and Damsel
Page 183 and 184:
SM NF WG GFP GFN THI TOTAL Papilio
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