Jozani biodiversity inventory report 2002 - Coastal Forests of Kenya ...

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VEGETATION CATEGORIES AND MAIN EDAPHIC FEATURES 2. Albizia dominated forest, greater part covered by coral rock (Legume dominated forest of Burgess and Clarke 2000) 3. Evergreen mixed dry forest or Mixed evergreen scrub forest of Burgess and Clarke, 2000 (Plates 23, 24). 4. Dry bushland and thicket (Gillmann 1949, White, 1983)(Plates 4, 5). SPECIFICATIONS AND DEFINITIONS Closed canopy formation dominated by Albizia adhianthifolia with trees 30 - 35m high. Intermediate species include Blighia unijugata,and Senna species. The Caesalpinioideae dominated dry forest suggests relicts of the former Pan-african lowland forest shown to be stable with healthy understorey regeneration (Burgess and Clarke, 2000). Mallotus opposifolia is the most dominant middle canopy tree with density of about 47.5 stems.ha -1 . The habitat is the most vulnerable to fires, farming, hunting and grazing. The surface is moist, but leaf litter is thin. There are indications of former plot farms within the forest marked by ruins of long walls made of coral rocks. These were meant to prevent vermin (wild pigs) from entering the farms. It is considered a separate vegetation unit because the stands completely exclude other canopy dominant species in the next category. Many members of Caesalpinioideae produce seeds of short viability which do not tolerate dessication and are not dispersed by wind or birds (Burgess and Clarke, 2000). Clearance of such a forest affects regeneration potential. Relatively moist surface (surface limestone developed on coral rock), represented by a mixed dominance of a few species which include Diospyros consolatae (most dominant), Terminalia boivinii, Rapanea melanophloeus, Olea woodiana, Apodytes dimidiata, Mystroxylon aethiopicum, Maytenus mossambicensis, Ozoroa obovata and Sideroxylon inerme. In shallow valley bottoms Ficus sur is common. Canopy height is 10-25m with few emergent trees. The structure is intermediate between the bushland and thicket category (below) with trees below 10m tall and forest canopy over 25m. White (1983) recognizes that scrub forest occurs as a narrow band separating Zanzibar-Inhambane forest from the Somali-Masai regional centre of endemism. Lianas are scarce or rare. This category is transitional to scrub forest and represents a dwarf bushland with clustered bushes on more xeric coral rock basement. The dominant species are the same as above, but the structure is different. It is dominated by shrubs with emergent trees to 10m. Thickets are well developed in shallow valley depressions with a thin layer of litter. Afzelia quanzensis occurs in this type of thickets. There are some indications of previous farming, thus representing secondary vegetation. Common emergent trees include Maytenus mossambicensis, Mystroxylon aethiopicum, Apodytes dimidiata, and Diospyros consolatae. All of these species occur in the previous category except that the trees are of smaller sizes (
VEGETATION CATEGORIES AND MAIN EDAPHIC FEATURES SPECIFICATIONS AND DEFINITIONS 5.2. Fire induced bracken bush This represents early successional stages of fire influences on vegetation. It is represented by a thick impenetrable bush cover of Pteridium equilinum which is a pioneer species with few emergents of Bridelia micrantha and Ficus species.The bracken acts as a pioneer in areas where the previous vegetation has been destroyed by fire. It produces toxins which retard seed germination of other plants but this obstacle breaks down later in the succession. 6. Salt marsh swamp grassland (Plates 6, 9) Paspalum vaginatum forms dense cover to the exclusion of other grasses and herbs. A few woody species such as Ficus sp and Pluchea dioscoridis occur on scattered rocks covered with think soil mantles. Edges of the salt marsh are dominated by Acrostichum aureum, Pluchea soridida and scattered Aframomum sp, Syzygium cumini, Pandanus kirkii and Phoenix reclinata. 7. Shrubland (Plate 17) It is located between Cheju and forest boundary on a higher elevation than the rest of the area. This vegetaion type was not quantitatively sampled but its species composition was enumerated on various randomly selected sites. The vegetation type is characterized by dwarf bushes with open spaces or clustered thickets. There are few emergent trees which include Euclea racemosa ssp schimperii, Rapanea melanophloeos, Manilkara sansibarensis Bersama sp. and Diospyros consolatae. There are also shrubs or small trees
Page 1 and 2: SERIKALI YA MAPINDUZI ZANZIBAR CARE
Page 3 and 4: 4.1.2 Floristic diversity and speci
Page 5 and 6: Figure 3: Distribution of tree heig
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements We would like to t
Page 10 and 11: Executive Summary A biodiversity in
Page 12 and 13: are reported to occur in Chwaka Bay
Page 14 and 15: Biodiversity hotspots are biologica
Page 16 and 17: establishing a forest reserve. Thes
Page 19 and 20: Quaternary rocks have a mixture of
Page 21 and 22: joining marshes and springs. Appare
Page 25 and 26: provides human population in villag
Page 27 and 28: 3.1.2 Vegetation data collection Th
Page 29: 3.2.2 Digitization and rectificatio
Page 32: Transect SN Name 3 Bondeni (Evergre
Page 35 and 36: 3.3.2.4 Amphibians Most amphibian s
Page 37: 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Vege
Page 41 and 42: Jozani forest is the only large rem
Page 43 and 44: 1994). Ecological indicators are us
Page 45 and 46: conditions. Acrostichum aureum and
Page 47 and 48: Table 5: Summarized tree data for d
Page 49 and 50: ground water forest. It may also me
Page 51 and 52: production of conventional medicine
Page 53 and 54: Botanical name Vernacular name Dise
Page 55 and 56: government of Zanzibar realized tha
Page 57 and 58: Species name Medicinal Firewood Cha
Page 59 and 60: the endangered red colobus monkey.
Page 61 and 62: Zanzibar Leopard (Panthera pardus a
Page 63 and 64: including secondary thicket. The du
Page 65 and 66: habitats. The elephant shrews thoug
Page 67 and 68: Four night drive transects ran from
Page 69 and 70: Table 13: Relative abundance of som
Page 71 and 72: for limited number of animal groups
Page 73 and 74: Amphibian catch rate per 100 trap n
Page 75 and 76: Table 16: Shannon Weaver Diversity
Page 77 and 78: Animal group Common name Scientific
Page 79 and 80: 2. Feeding migrations: movement awa
Page 81 and 82: - places of great attraction of lar
Page 83 and 84: In Chwaka Bay fish production by ar
Page 85 and 86: In Chwaka Bay some fishers use fish
Page 87 and 88: is given on Appendix Xa, and the nu
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5.0 EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOUR
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6.0 POTENTIAL THREATS TO BIODIVERSI
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as plague. Rattus rattus have been
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given the large number of visitors
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Group Species Threats Invertebrates
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3. Immediate scientific measures sh
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14. Mangrove formations for instanc
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iodiversity conservation. Emphasis
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REFERENCES Archer, A. L. and Mwinyi
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FAO/Department of Environment Zanzi
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Migdoll, I. (1987) Field Guide to t
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UNEP (2001) Eastern Africa Atlas of
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Appendix I: Plant checklist of Joza
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FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
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FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
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Appendix II: Species abundance in h
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S/N SPECIES NAME SAMPLE TOTAL R.D R
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1 2 3 4 INDIVID (%) (%) UALS 1 Achy
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TRANSECT IX: HERBS (0.5m x 2m) S/N
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13 Rhus natalensis 3 3 5.36 5.88 14
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9 Maytenus mossambicensis 1 1 1.89
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UALS 1 Acacia mangium 1 1 1.90 6.67
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Transect Species No. of individuals
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Transect Species No. of individuals
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Appendix IV: Questionnaire Yafuatay
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(v) Taja mimea inayopendwa au inayo
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(ii) Occupation of respondents Farm
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(vi) Vegetation The figure below in
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Local name Scientific name Use Tiss
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Local name English name Use Chura F
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Frequency of mention 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Knowledge of transmissable disease
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Appendix VI: List of algae and seag
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Reptiles DERMOCHELYIDAE Dermochelys
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MEGADERMATIDAE Cardioderma cor Hear
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Appendix VIII: Results from trappin
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(No capture) Bucket Pitfall Traplin
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Trapping effort (No. of snaps) (No
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Appendix IXa: Brief description of
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BOTHIDAE Colour: eyed side brown, o
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HOLOCENTRIDAE Colour: usually red o
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MULLIDAE Colour: variable, ground c
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Colour: inshore scapionfishes are m
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FAMILY Species Common name CHAETODO
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SERRANIDAE Cromileptes altivelis Ba
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Epamera sidus Trimen ✪✪ Epamera
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Checklist of Dragonflies and Damsel
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SM NF WG GFP GFN THI TOTAL Papilio
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