Jozani biodiversity inventory report 2002 - Coastal Forests of Kenya ...

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Botanical name Vernacular name Disease treated Part used Rhus natalensis Mkumba Wounds, infertility, Roots pains in menstruation period Senna petersiana Mpingawaume Hernia, impotence Roots Solanum incanum Mtula Hernia, constipation, Roots Sorideia Mtikiza/Mpilipili Bleeding of women, Roots madagascariensis doria also women’s pains while in monthly periods Mtonga Hernia Roots Synaptolepis kirkii Mbibikiu Vomiting, Impotence Roots Tabernaemontana Pumbu ya kima To heal wounds Milk sap from stems, ventricosa fruits Tacca leontopetaloids Uwangajike Ear-ach, Diarrhoea Tuber Tamarindus indica Mkwaju Lakative Seeds Tarenna pavettoides Mlashore Fever, Terminalia catapa L. Mkungu Catarrh, Diarrhoea, Dysenteries, Skin diseases, asthma Bark, Leaves Turraea floribunda Mtamagoa Stomach-ache Roots Mtimafuta Antiseptic for fresh wounds Squeeze juice from warmed twigs Euclea racemosa ssp. schimperii Mdaa Purgative/laxactive (aperient)tamagoa Roots 4.1.5.2 Species with multiple uses as sources of plant products essential to society Eastern African countries harbour many plant species with multiple economic uses. Many are sources of food. These species help to alleviate problems of food shortage and nutritional requirements in fragile ecosystems. Zanzibar is highly populated, yet with little value in agricultural terms the study area is a source of many forest resources including fruits, vegetables, fuelwood, charcoal and medicine (Table 8; Appendix V). Mbuya et al. (1994) lists 37 different species of uses for trees, shrubs and liana. Proper conservation and the utilization and marketing of plant products from such species could to a large extent provide economic base for the rural areas. Some of the uses are not known from Zanzibar but known from other sources including literature. Table 8 below indicates plant species with multiple uses in Jozani-Chwaka Bay proposed National Park. ii) Forest plantations Jozani groundwater forest has been logged for timber since the 1940s and was made a forest reserve in the early 1960s. The history of forest plantations in Zanzibar goes back to 1930’s with the introduction of Callophylum inophyllum in the Jozani swamp forest. This was intended to meet timber demand after the indigenous timber trees had been depleted. Subsequently the 42
government of Zanzibar realized that apart from timber shortage the fast growing population needed forest resources including marketable building poles, firewood and charcoal. Plantations of fuel-wood and pole-producing species were introduced (Plates 27, 28). The plantations contain hard wood species of Casuarina, two Acacia species and Gmeliana arborea. These species were introduced because they are fast growing and adaptable to soil and climatic conditions. The performances of these exotic species are presented together with other species in Appendix III, Table 5 & Figures 2 &3. There are no reports of enrichment plantations of the depleted indigenous timber trees of Milicia excelsa and Afzelia quanzensis. Hard wood planting of Milicia excelsa in Pugu Forest Reserve did not succeed due to insect infestation, but that doesn’t mean the same problem would be encountered if this approach was applied in the Jozani Forest Reserve. Thus the present approach of establishing hard wood plantations to meet local demands of fuelwood, charcoal and building poles is an appropriate method of conservation to reduce dependence on forest resources. Besides government plantations, local people have also been encouraged to establish their own hardwood plantations especially of Casuarina equisetifolia. It has been observed that wood supplies from government plantations are obtained at a lower marketable price compared to wood supplies from private sources (Mwinyimkuu, personal communication.). Government policy of financial considerations to local people’s rights on the forest resources has had a positive impact on deforestation. Management of forest plantations has gradually deteriorated since 1980’s to 1990’s due to financial problems, and because FINIDA, which was financing the Jozani Project, has ceased supporting it. This has resulted in the poor performances of plantations and unplanned forest harvesting (Plate 30). Casuarina plantations do not regenerate from coppices where the Acacia species respond well. The Callophylum inophyllum, Casuarina equesitifolia and Eucalyplus sp plantations in the groundwater habitat are performing well by attaining largest DBH classes and tree heights. However, Casuarina, especially, has been subjected to wind blow creating big gaps. 4.1.6 Conservation status and endemism of plant species i) Conservation status Conservation efforts at Jozani are confronted by political, economical and habitat degradation issues arising from the surrounding villages (see interview responses in Appendix V). Major 43
Page 1 and 2:
SERIKALI YA MAPINDUZI ZANZIBAR CARE
Page 3 and 4: 4.1.2 Floristic diversity and speci
Page 5 and 6: Figure 3: Distribution of tree heig
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements We would like to t
Page 10 and 11: Executive Summary A biodiversity in
Page 12 and 13: are reported to occur in Chwaka Bay
Page 14 and 15: Biodiversity hotspots are biologica
Page 16 and 17: establishing a forest reserve. Thes
Page 19 and 20: Quaternary rocks have a mixture of
Page 21 and 22: joining marshes and springs. Appare
Page 25 and 26: provides human population in villag
Page 27 and 28: 3.1.2 Vegetation data collection Th
Page 29: 3.2.2 Digitization and rectificatio
Page 32: Transect SN Name 3 Bondeni (Evergre
Page 35 and 36: 3.3.2.4 Amphibians Most amphibian s
Page 37 and 38: 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Vege
Page 39 and 40: VEGETATION CATEGORIES AND MAIN EDAP
Page 41 and 42: Jozani forest is the only large rem
Page 43 and 44: 1994). Ecological indicators are us
Page 45 and 46: conditions. Acrostichum aureum and
Page 47 and 48: Table 5: Summarized tree data for d
Page 49 and 50: ground water forest. It may also me
Page 51 and 52: production of conventional medicine
Page 53: Botanical name Vernacular name Dise
Page 57 and 58: Species name Medicinal Firewood Cha
Page 59 and 60: the endangered red colobus monkey.
Page 61 and 62: Zanzibar Leopard (Panthera pardus a
Page 63 and 64: including secondary thicket. The du
Page 65 and 66: habitats. The elephant shrews thoug
Page 67 and 68: Four night drive transects ran from
Page 69 and 70: Table 13: Relative abundance of som
Page 71 and 72: for limited number of animal groups
Page 73 and 74: Amphibian catch rate per 100 trap n
Page 75 and 76: Table 16: Shannon Weaver Diversity
Page 77 and 78: Animal group Common name Scientific
Page 79 and 80: 2. Feeding migrations: movement awa
Page 81 and 82: - places of great attraction of lar
Page 83 and 84: In Chwaka Bay fish production by ar
Page 85 and 86: In Chwaka Bay some fishers use fish
Page 87 and 88: is given on Appendix Xa, and the nu
Page 89 and 90: 5.0 EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOUR
Page 91 and 92: 6.0 POTENTIAL THREATS TO BIODIVERSI
Page 93 and 94: as plague. Rattus rattus have been
Page 95 and 96: given the large number of visitors
Page 97 and 98: Group Species Threats Invertebrates
Page 99 and 100: 3. Immediate scientific measures sh
Page 101 and 102: 14. Mangrove formations for instanc
Page 103 and 104: iodiversity conservation. Emphasis
Page 105 and 106:
REFERENCES Archer, A. L. and Mwinyi
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FAO/Department of Environment Zanzi
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Migdoll, I. (1987) Field Guide to t
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UNEP (2001) Eastern Africa Atlas of
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Appendix I: Plant checklist of Joza
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FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
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FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
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Appendix II: Species abundance in h
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S/N SPECIES NAME SAMPLE TOTAL R.D R
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1 2 3 4 INDIVID (%) (%) UALS 1 Achy
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TRANSECT IX: HERBS (0.5m x 2m) S/N
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13 Rhus natalensis 3 3 5.36 5.88 14
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9 Maytenus mossambicensis 1 1 1.89
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UALS 1 Acacia mangium 1 1 1.90 6.67
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Transect Species No. of individuals
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Transect Species No. of individuals
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Appendix IV: Questionnaire Yafuatay
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(v) Taja mimea inayopendwa au inayo
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(ii) Occupation of respondents Farm
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(vi) Vegetation The figure below in
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Local name Scientific name Use Tiss
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Local name English name Use Chura F
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Frequency of mention 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Knowledge of transmissable disease
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Appendix VI: List of algae and seag
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Reptiles DERMOCHELYIDAE Dermochelys
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MEGADERMATIDAE Cardioderma cor Hear
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Appendix VIII: Results from trappin
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(No capture) Bucket Pitfall Traplin
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Trapping effort (No. of snaps) (No
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Appendix IXa: Brief description of
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BOTHIDAE Colour: eyed side brown, o
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HOLOCENTRIDAE Colour: usually red o
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MULLIDAE Colour: variable, ground c
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Colour: inshore scapionfishes are m
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FAMILY Species Common name CHAETODO
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SERRANIDAE Cromileptes altivelis Ba
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Epamera sidus Trimen ✪✪ Epamera
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Checklist of Dragonflies and Damsel
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SM NF WG GFP GFN THI TOTAL Papilio
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