Jozani biodiversity inventory report 2002 - Coastal Forests of Kenya ...

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Family Species name Distribution Remarks Psychotria alsophila K. Schum. New for FTEA records Trianolepis africana Hook. f. ssp. K 7 , T 3 , 6, Z & P. hildebrandtii (Vatke) Verdc. Tricalysia microphylla Hiern K 7 , T 3, & Z Not known elsewhere Tarenna littoralis (Hiern) Bridson K 7 , T 3 , 6, Z, P & M Sapotaceae Manilkara sulcata (Engl.) Dubard K 1 , T 3 , 6, Z & P Not known elsewhere Pouteria alnifolia (Baker)Pierre var. sacleuxii (Loconte) J.H. Hensl. Z Apparently restricted to Zanzibar Island Thymelaceae Synaptolepis kirkii Oliv. T 3 , K 7 , T 3 , 6, 8, Z, & P T = Tanzania; K = Kenya; Z = Zanzibar; P = Pemba. 4.2 Fauna 4.2.1 Mammal occurrence and distribution Most of the species of large mammals reported to be present in Jozani from previous surveys and studies were encountered during the survey (Appendix VII) either through direct observation or signs. The exception was the Zanzibar Leopard (Panthera pardus adersi) whose presence was difficult to establish. Leopards are notoriuosly difficult to observe (Kingdon, 1997) and their presence is difficult to establish without use of techniques like camera trapping or baiting. Mammals tended to occur in all forest areas though the distribution was influenced by habitat types and human interference. Certain species were sometimes absent in seemingly potentially ideal habitats. Some of the large mammals sighted physically during the survey included the Red Duiker (Cephalophus adersi) blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola sundevalli) Red Colobus (Piliocolobus kirkii), Sykes Monkey (Cercopithecus mitis). Most other species were recorded from signs such as Suni, Galagos, Bushpigs, Genets and Civets. The distribution of most species was widespread within the forest and their occurrence outside the forest reserve was not common. This suggests that the distribution of most of these species is continuing to shrink compared to the previous reports (Williams et al 1996). Hunting, farming, settlement and human disturbances have restricted the range of most large mammals on Zanzibar. Ukongoroni area within which most of the Jozani forest is located remains the most important area for most large mammals. Below is a synopsis of the large mammal species of Jozani - Chwaka proposed National Park. 48
Zanzibar Leopard (Panthera pardus adersi) This is a subspecies endemic to Zanzibar. Reports indicate that it was abundant in Jozani forest and surrounding areas before 1964. Potential habitat includes forests and thickets in Wangwani, Tovu, Bondeni (Jozani HQ), Unguja Ukuu and Mapopwe to Cheju. Many leopards were killed after 1964 when it was presumed that they posed a threat to human life and property. This resulted in a severe decline in their number. No indication of leopard was found during our survey. In 1992, C. Ruffo (per comm.) reported hearing a leopard roar at night while camped at Unguja Ukuu forest station. In 2001 Ali Mwinyi (pers. comm.) a wildlife officer, collected dung in Jozani forest presumed to belong to a leopard but no voucher specimen was retained. The wildlife officer also heard an animal, which was not physically sighted but assumed to be a leopard. Villagers of Cheju north of Jozani reported that leopards are still present in Jozani but that they are scarce. They reported one or two sightings over one or two years. Leopards are probably still present in Jozani but their numbers are certainly low and possibly not a viable population. Application of infra red camera trapping technique may be necessary to establish whether there are still some individuals remaining in the forest. Zanzibar Red Colobus (Piliocolobus kirkii) The Zanzibar red colobus is a species endemic to Zanzibar. It is listed as endangered in the IUCN threatened species categories and appears in Appendix I of CITES. It was investigated by Sir John Kirk, the Governor General of Zanzibar in 1868 and named after him. Other members of the red colobus group are widespread. The Zanzibar red colobus weighs 7 - 13kgs. and exhibits diverse dietary habits, sometimes reported as crop pest. Its preferred habitat includes the ground water, coral rag, deep soil and mangrove forests. Occurrence in cultivated and areas under fallow is reported to be due to loss of preferred habitat. The Red Colobus was the most commonly observed mammal in the survey area, it occupies most forested areas from Mapopwe in the north down to Cheju, Unguja Ukuu, Pete, Jozani, Bondeni, Tovu, to Wangwani. Jozani forest and surroundings harbour the largest population of the colobus while Uzi Island has a small population. There are minor colobus populations in south Jozani, coral rag forest and Masingini. In Jozani, 9 groups are recognised and are under constant monitoring. Some groups at Jozani are habituated. The Zanzibar red colobus is the flagship species of Zanzibar's terrestrial conservation effort and a major tourist attraction. The conservation effort of the colobus started over 134 years ago because in 1868 Sir John Kirk described the colobus as "rare" in Zanzibar. Official role of the colobus protection began 49
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SERIKALI YA MAPINDUZI ZANZIBAR CARE
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4.1.2 Floristic diversity and speci
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Figure 3: Distribution of tree heig
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Acknowledgements We would like to t
Page 10 and 11: Executive Summary A biodiversity in
Page 12 and 13: are reported to occur in Chwaka Bay
Page 14 and 15: Biodiversity hotspots are biologica
Page 16 and 17: establishing a forest reserve. Thes
Page 19 and 20: Quaternary rocks have a mixture of
Page 21 and 22: joining marshes and springs. Appare
Page 25 and 26: provides human population in villag
Page 27 and 28: 3.1.2 Vegetation data collection Th
Page 29: 3.2.2 Digitization and rectificatio
Page 32: Transect SN Name 3 Bondeni (Evergre
Page 35 and 36: 3.3.2.4 Amphibians Most amphibian s
Page 37 and 38: 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Vege
Page 39 and 40: VEGETATION CATEGORIES AND MAIN EDAP
Page 41 and 42: Jozani forest is the only large rem
Page 43 and 44: 1994). Ecological indicators are us
Page 45 and 46: conditions. Acrostichum aureum and
Page 47 and 48: Table 5: Summarized tree data for d
Page 49 and 50: ground water forest. It may also me
Page 51 and 52: production of conventional medicine
Page 53 and 54: Botanical name Vernacular name Dise
Page 55 and 56: government of Zanzibar realized tha
Page 57 and 58: Species name Medicinal Firewood Cha
Page 59: the endangered red colobus monkey.
Page 63 and 64: including secondary thicket. The du
Page 65 and 66: habitats. The elephant shrews thoug
Page 67 and 68: Four night drive transects ran from
Page 69 and 70: Table 13: Relative abundance of som
Page 71 and 72: for limited number of animal groups
Page 73 and 74: Amphibian catch rate per 100 trap n
Page 75 and 76: Table 16: Shannon Weaver Diversity
Page 77 and 78: Animal group Common name Scientific
Page 79 and 80: 2. Feeding migrations: movement awa
Page 81 and 82: - places of great attraction of lar
Page 83 and 84: In Chwaka Bay fish production by ar
Page 85 and 86: In Chwaka Bay some fishers use fish
Page 87 and 88: is given on Appendix Xa, and the nu
Page 89 and 90: 5.0 EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOUR
Page 91 and 92: 6.0 POTENTIAL THREATS TO BIODIVERSI
Page 93 and 94: as plague. Rattus rattus have been
Page 95 and 96: given the large number of visitors
Page 97 and 98: Group Species Threats Invertebrates
Page 99 and 100: 3. Immediate scientific measures sh
Page 101 and 102: 14. Mangrove formations for instanc
Page 103 and 104: iodiversity conservation. Emphasis
Page 105 and 106: REFERENCES Archer, A. L. and Mwinyi
Page 107 and 108: FAO/Department of Environment Zanzi
Page 109 and 110: Migdoll, I. (1987) Field Guide to t
Page 111 and 112:
UNEP (2001) Eastern Africa Atlas of
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Appendix I: Plant checklist of Joza
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FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
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FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
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Appendix II: Species abundance in h
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S/N SPECIES NAME SAMPLE TOTAL R.D R
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1 2 3 4 INDIVID (%) (%) UALS 1 Achy
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TRANSECT IX: HERBS (0.5m x 2m) S/N
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13 Rhus natalensis 3 3 5.36 5.88 14
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9 Maytenus mossambicensis 1 1 1.89
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UALS 1 Acacia mangium 1 1 1.90 6.67
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Transect Species No. of individuals
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Transect Species No. of individuals
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Appendix IV: Questionnaire Yafuatay
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(v) Taja mimea inayopendwa au inayo
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(ii) Occupation of respondents Farm
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(vi) Vegetation The figure below in
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Local name Scientific name Use Tiss
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Local name English name Use Chura F
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Frequency of mention 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Knowledge of transmissable disease
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Appendix VI: List of algae and seag
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Reptiles DERMOCHELYIDAE Dermochelys
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MEGADERMATIDAE Cardioderma cor Hear
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Appendix VIII: Results from trappin
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(No capture) Bucket Pitfall Traplin
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Trapping effort (No. of snaps) (No
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Appendix IXa: Brief description of
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BOTHIDAE Colour: eyed side brown, o
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HOLOCENTRIDAE Colour: usually red o
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MULLIDAE Colour: variable, ground c
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Colour: inshore scapionfishes are m
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FAMILY Species Common name CHAETODO
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SERRANIDAE Cromileptes altivelis Ba
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Epamera sidus Trimen ✪✪ Epamera
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Checklist of Dragonflies and Damsel
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SM NF WG GFP GFN THI TOTAL Papilio
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