Jozani biodiversity inventory report 2002 - Coastal Forests of Kenya ...

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sea level to about 1500m above sea level. Larval food plants include members of Family Rutaceae such as Toddalia spp., Clausena spp. and Citrus spp. 4.2.12.1 New records from Jozani-Chwaka Bay Butterflies not recorded by Archer et al. (1991) at Jozani-Chwaka are indicated (by a star (✪) in Appendix Xa. 4.2.12.2 Observations of other invertebrates Opportunistic sampling of other Invertebrates revealed a rich and diverse fauna. Some interesting examples include the following: Freshwater pools in the Ground-water Natural Forest and Ground-water Forest Plantation areas harboured several snail species, including Bulinus nasutus and Bulinus globosus. The same pools had fresh-water crabs of genus Potamonautes and larvae of mosquitoes, including Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Anopheles funestus adults were observed in the Wooded Grassland area. Other invertebrates observed in various places included Adults and larvae of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae), Field Crickets (Orthoptera: Griliidae), centipedes and millipedes (Diplopoda and Chilopoda) and earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta), among others. Molluscs (Class: Gastropoda, Sub Class: Pulmonata, Order: Stylommatophora, Family: Achatinidae). Many live specimens and shells of the giant African snail (Achatina fulica) were seen in Jozani forest and other areas surrounding the forest. Many shells were observed scattered especially in Tovu area. The Zanzibar variety used to be called ssp. hamillei (versus ssp. rodatzi), the Dar es Salaam subspecies. The naming was based on shell striations and patterning, which in semi-fossilised shells are already weathered. However both the Zanzibar and Dar es Salaam varieties have been found to interbreed in areas where the two varieties converge such as Mbudya, Bongoyo islands off the coast of Dar es Salaam and eastern coast along Bagamoyo and Saadani. 76
5.0 EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND THEIR CONSERVATION VALUE Although in terms of biodiversity Jozani and Zanzibar as a whole may not be as rich as the coastal forests (Frontier, 1995) and Eastern arc mountains on the mainland most of the species on Zanzibar are isolated from the mainland populations. Some are endemic or near endemic and others are races of their congeners on the mainland. Others are threatened or endangered. All these species need to be protected and some of them may need special attention and conservation programmes. Apart from maintaining biological diveristy, plant resources at species and community level are important in many respects ranging from life support systems, climate control, ecological processes and as wildlife habitats. Some species found in Jozani are of potential value as a genetic resource. Species like Coffea psudozanguebariae (Rubiaceae) is of potential importance in crossbreeding to produce coffee hybrids. A tree species Pandanus rabiensis has been singled out as the most inactive indigenous species in the groundwater forest. Accounts of its regeneration capacity are not available. This could form part of a research project to study its biology including breeding systems, dispersal mechanisms and seed viability. The species may not be economically importyant but its conservation is essential in terms of biodiversity conservation. It is known that over 75% of the closed forests originally present on Zanzibar were destroyed by 1966 (Hedberg and Hedberg, 1966), more of the forest has been cleared since then. Human population increase was a major factor in the decline of forests. Understanding human demography of populations living on the edge of proposed park is essential in the biodiversity conservation of the area since this will allow designing appropriate conservation programmes taking which take into account the growing human populations. There is also the issue of alien species like Areca catechu (mipopoo) (Palmae). No studies have bee conducted on this species which is known to suppress indigenous vegetation and little effort appeart to have been unable to control their spread. 77
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SERIKALI YA MAPINDUZI ZANZIBAR CARE
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4.1.2 Floristic diversity and speci
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Figure 3: Distribution of tree heig
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Acknowledgements We would like to t
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Executive Summary A biodiversity in
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are reported to occur in Chwaka Bay
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Biodiversity hotspots are biologica
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establishing a forest reserve. Thes
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Quaternary rocks have a mixture of
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joining marshes and springs. Appare
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provides human population in villag
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3.1.2 Vegetation data collection Th
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3.2.2 Digitization and rectificatio
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Transect SN Name 3 Bondeni (Evergre
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3.3.2.4 Amphibians Most amphibian s
Page 37 and 38: 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Vege
Page 39 and 40: VEGETATION CATEGORIES AND MAIN EDAP
Page 41 and 42: Jozani forest is the only large rem
Page 43 and 44: 1994). Ecological indicators are us
Page 45 and 46: conditions. Acrostichum aureum and
Page 47 and 48: Table 5: Summarized tree data for d
Page 49 and 50: ground water forest. It may also me
Page 51 and 52: production of conventional medicine
Page 53 and 54: Botanical name Vernacular name Dise
Page 55 and 56: government of Zanzibar realized tha
Page 57 and 58: Species name Medicinal Firewood Cha
Page 59 and 60: the endangered red colobus monkey.
Page 61 and 62: Zanzibar Leopard (Panthera pardus a
Page 63 and 64: including secondary thicket. The du
Page 65 and 66: habitats. The elephant shrews thoug
Page 67 and 68: Four night drive transects ran from
Page 69 and 70: Table 13: Relative abundance of som
Page 71 and 72: for limited number of animal groups
Page 73 and 74: Amphibian catch rate per 100 trap n
Page 75 and 76: Table 16: Shannon Weaver Diversity
Page 77 and 78: Animal group Common name Scientific
Page 79 and 80: 2. Feeding migrations: movement awa
Page 81 and 82: - places of great attraction of lar
Page 83 and 84: In Chwaka Bay fish production by ar
Page 85 and 86: In Chwaka Bay some fishers use fish
Page 87: is given on Appendix Xa, and the nu
Page 91 and 92: 6.0 POTENTIAL THREATS TO BIODIVERSI
Page 93 and 94: as plague. Rattus rattus have been
Page 95 and 96: given the large number of visitors
Page 97 and 98: Group Species Threats Invertebrates
Page 99 and 100: 3. Immediate scientific measures sh
Page 101 and 102: 14. Mangrove formations for instanc
Page 103 and 104: iodiversity conservation. Emphasis
Page 105 and 106: REFERENCES Archer, A. L. and Mwinyi
Page 107 and 108: FAO/Department of Environment Zanzi
Page 109 and 110: Migdoll, I. (1987) Field Guide to t
Page 111 and 112: UNEP (2001) Eastern Africa Atlas of
Page 113 and 114: Appendix I: Plant checklist of Joza
Page 115 and 116: FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
Page 117 and 118: FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
Page 119 and 120: Appendix II: Species abundance in h
Page 121 and 122: S/N SPECIES NAME SAMPLE TOTAL R.D R
Page 123 and 124: 1 2 3 4 INDIVID (%) (%) UALS 1 Achy
Page 125 and 126: TRANSECT IX: HERBS (0.5m x 2m) S/N
Page 127 and 128: 13 Rhus natalensis 3 3 5.36 5.88 14
Page 129 and 130: 9 Maytenus mossambicensis 1 1 1.89
Page 131 and 132: UALS 1 Acacia mangium 1 1 1.90 6.67
Page 133 and 134: Transect Species No. of individuals
Page 135 and 136: Transect Species No. of individuals
Page 137 and 138: Appendix IV: Questionnaire Yafuatay
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(v) Taja mimea inayopendwa au inayo
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(ii) Occupation of respondents Farm
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(vi) Vegetation The figure below in
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Local name Scientific name Use Tiss
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Local name English name Use Chura F
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Frequency of mention 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Knowledge of transmissable disease
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Appendix VI: List of algae and seag
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Reptiles DERMOCHELYIDAE Dermochelys
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MEGADERMATIDAE Cardioderma cor Hear
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Appendix VIII: Results from trappin
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(No capture) Bucket Pitfall Traplin
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Trapping effort (No. of snaps) (No
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Appendix IXa: Brief description of
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BOTHIDAE Colour: eyed side brown, o
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HOLOCENTRIDAE Colour: usually red o
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MULLIDAE Colour: variable, ground c
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Colour: inshore scapionfishes are m
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FAMILY Species Common name CHAETODO
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SERRANIDAE Cromileptes altivelis Ba
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Epamera sidus Trimen ✪✪ Epamera
Page 181 and 182:
Checklist of Dragonflies and Damsel
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SM NF WG GFP GFN THI TOTAL Papilio
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