Jozani biodiversity inventory report 2002 - Coastal Forests of Kenya ...

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FAMILY SPECIES ENGLISH NAME IUCN STATUS SERRANIDAE Epinepheleus fuscoguttatus Flowery grouper LR SERRANIDAE Epinepheleus malabaricus Malabar grouper LR SERRANIDAE Epinepheleus tauvina Greasy grouper LR SCOMBRIDAE Thunnus maccoyii Southern bluefin tuna LR SYPHYRNIDAE Sphyrna lewini Scalloped hammerhead LR SYPHYRNIDAE Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead LR SQUALIDAE Centrophorus uyato Southern dogfish VU LAMNIDAE Isurus oxyrinchus Short fin mako LR Glyphis sp. Bizan river shark CR PRISTIDAE Pristis microdon Larger tooth saw fish CR RHINOBATIDAE Rhynchobatus djeddensis White spotted wedge fish LR DASYATIDAE Taeniura lymna Ribbontail stingray LR MOBULIDAE Manta birostris Giant Atlantic manta LR MYLIOBATIDAE Aetobatus narinari Spotted eagle ray LR Key: LR = Lower risk, VU = Vulnerable, EN = Endangered, CR = Critically endangered 4.2.11.6 Fishing and fish production (a) Number of Fishers A survey conducted by Commission for Natural Resources found that there were 23,734 fisher on Zanzibar, of which 11,965 were based on Unguja Island and 303 were in Chwaka Bay. The Chwaka Bay fishers make about 1.2 % of Zanzibar and 2.5% of Unguja fishers respectively (FAO/Department of Environment Zanzibar, 1999). (b) Fishing vessels Fishing vessels employed include dugout canoes, outrigger canoes, planked motorised boats and planked sailing boat. A survey conducted by the Commission for Natural Resources showed that there were 5,149 fishing vessels on Zanzibar and 2,933 on Unguja. Chwaka Bay had 167 vessels or 3.2% and 5.6% of Zanzibar and Unguja vessels respectively (FAO/Department of Environment Zanzibar, 1999). (c) Fish production Data on fish production from Chwaka Bay and Unguja suggests that fish production has been declining progressively in the last two decades. There are several factors which have contributed to that decline: (i) Increase of fishing pressure (caused by increased fishing effort) (ii) Decrease of small pelagics, believed to be the main source of food to bigger fish (iii) Habitat degradation due to use of destructive fishing gears and techniques. 70
In Chwaka Bay fish production by artisanal fishermen has dropped by 89% between 1994 and 2000 (Table 21). On the other hand fish production for the whole of Zanzibar has remained more or less unchanged between 1993 to 1997 with only a slight increase of 1.2% in total fish production for 1997 compared to that of 1993 (Table 22). This suggests that probably fishing intensity has not changed over the specified period or there has been a minimal fish habitat destruction which has enabled the fish stocks to remain healthy. Table 21: Fish catch (kgs) at Chwaka Bay by artisanal fishermen from 1994 to 2000 YEARS 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 GROUP/SPECIES SIGANIDAE 48576 42266 41844 34730 36292 19987 9320 SCARIDAE/LABRIDAE 40998 57658 72566 38611 15721 9678 8511 LETHRINIDAE 60782 83946 89800 72483 60572 41550 17628 HAEMULIDAE 6134 9337 18837 8846 1777 341 116 MULLIDAE 21880 14022 18186 12888 3977 3500 2340 ACANTHURIDAE 15045 4050 7213 2762 244 16 - MUGILIDAE 14132 384 897 610 3540 2010 262 DEMERSALS 16640 9763 14850 8417 - - - ENGRAULIDAE 17003 4834 6886 3936 4 110 - CLUPEIDAE 8514 - 794 1418 - - - SCOMBRIDAE 20763 3360 3724 2817 2378 - - CARANGIDAE 19509 13322 18801 10251 3994 7873 1692 SCOMBRIDAE 2309 - 2510 71 206 18 2212 ISTIOPHORIDAE 10607 - - 490 - 100 - SCOMBRIDAE 13769 1852 6271 3642 218 50 - SYPHRINIDAE 18045 3067 8657 9528 1136 1367 440 PELAGICS 27256 18076 20446 13376 - - - ELASMOBRANCHIA 33432 25805 34709 20396 24400 12464 1796 LOLIGIDAE/OCTOPODIDAE 29537 28021 31340 24865 38118 12955 6561 PENAIDAE 8203 2281 6375 2066 1591 - - Others 35337 6455 14469 15145 4950 18762 5952 TOTAL 468473 328499 419175 286348 216118 130779 56830 Source: Zanzibar Fisheries Department Table 22: Fish production on Unguja Island between 1993 to 1997 Year Catch (kg) 1993 7,354,249 1994 8,059,401 71
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SERIKALI YA MAPINDUZI ZANZIBAR CARE
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4.1.2 Floristic diversity and speci
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Figure 3: Distribution of tree heig
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Acknowledgements We would like to t
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Executive Summary A biodiversity in
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are reported to occur in Chwaka Bay
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Biodiversity hotspots are biologica
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establishing a forest reserve. Thes
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Quaternary rocks have a mixture of
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joining marshes and springs. Appare
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provides human population in villag
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3.1.2 Vegetation data collection Th
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3.2.2 Digitization and rectificatio
Page 32: Transect SN Name 3 Bondeni (Evergre
Page 35 and 36: 3.3.2.4 Amphibians Most amphibian s
Page 37 and 38: 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Vege
Page 39 and 40: VEGETATION CATEGORIES AND MAIN EDAP
Page 41 and 42: Jozani forest is the only large rem
Page 43 and 44: 1994). Ecological indicators are us
Page 45 and 46: conditions. Acrostichum aureum and
Page 47 and 48: Table 5: Summarized tree data for d
Page 49 and 50: ground water forest. It may also me
Page 51 and 52: production of conventional medicine
Page 53 and 54: Botanical name Vernacular name Dise
Page 55 and 56: government of Zanzibar realized tha
Page 57 and 58: Species name Medicinal Firewood Cha
Page 59 and 60: the endangered red colobus monkey.
Page 61 and 62: Zanzibar Leopard (Panthera pardus a
Page 63 and 64: including secondary thicket. The du
Page 65 and 66: habitats. The elephant shrews thoug
Page 67 and 68: Four night drive transects ran from
Page 69 and 70: Table 13: Relative abundance of som
Page 71 and 72: for limited number of animal groups
Page 73 and 74: Amphibian catch rate per 100 trap n
Page 75 and 76: Table 16: Shannon Weaver Diversity
Page 77 and 78: Animal group Common name Scientific
Page 79 and 80: 2. Feeding migrations: movement awa
Page 81: - places of great attraction of lar
Page 85 and 86: In Chwaka Bay some fishers use fish
Page 87 and 88: is given on Appendix Xa, and the nu
Page 89 and 90: 5.0 EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOUR
Page 91 and 92: 6.0 POTENTIAL THREATS TO BIODIVERSI
Page 93 and 94: as plague. Rattus rattus have been
Page 95 and 96: given the large number of visitors
Page 97 and 98: Group Species Threats Invertebrates
Page 99 and 100: 3. Immediate scientific measures sh
Page 101 and 102: 14. Mangrove formations for instanc
Page 103 and 104: iodiversity conservation. Emphasis
Page 105 and 106: REFERENCES Archer, A. L. and Mwinyi
Page 107 and 108: FAO/Department of Environment Zanzi
Page 109 and 110: Migdoll, I. (1987) Field Guide to t
Page 111 and 112: UNEP (2001) Eastern Africa Atlas of
Page 113 and 114: Appendix I: Plant checklist of Joza
Page 115 and 116: FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
Page 117 and 118: FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
Page 119 and 120: Appendix II: Species abundance in h
Page 121 and 122: S/N SPECIES NAME SAMPLE TOTAL R.D R
Page 123 and 124: 1 2 3 4 INDIVID (%) (%) UALS 1 Achy
Page 125 and 126: TRANSECT IX: HERBS (0.5m x 2m) S/N
Page 127 and 128: 13 Rhus natalensis 3 3 5.36 5.88 14
Page 129 and 130: 9 Maytenus mossambicensis 1 1 1.89
Page 131 and 132: UALS 1 Acacia mangium 1 1 1.90 6.67
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Transect Species No. of individuals
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Transect Species No. of individuals
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Appendix IV: Questionnaire Yafuatay
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(v) Taja mimea inayopendwa au inayo
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(ii) Occupation of respondents Farm
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(vi) Vegetation The figure below in
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Local name Scientific name Use Tiss
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Local name English name Use Chura F
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Frequency of mention 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Knowledge of transmissable disease
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Appendix VI: List of algae and seag
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Reptiles DERMOCHELYIDAE Dermochelys
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MEGADERMATIDAE Cardioderma cor Hear
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Appendix VIII: Results from trappin
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(No capture) Bucket Pitfall Traplin
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Trapping effort (No. of snaps) (No
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Appendix IXa: Brief description of
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BOTHIDAE Colour: eyed side brown, o
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HOLOCENTRIDAE Colour: usually red o
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MULLIDAE Colour: variable, ground c
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Colour: inshore scapionfishes are m
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FAMILY Species Common name CHAETODO
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SERRANIDAE Cromileptes altivelis Ba
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Epamera sidus Trimen ✪✪ Epamera
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Checklist of Dragonflies and Damsel
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SM NF WG GFP GFN THI TOTAL Papilio
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