Jozani biodiversity inventory report 2002 - Coastal Forests of Kenya ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

stone walls were seen indicating previous forest disturbance. The secondary forest in these areas was usually two layered. e) Characteristic diameter distributions (Koop, 1989): Diameter distribution patterns in secondary forest (e.g. Figure 3 and in Table 2), tend to display a reverse J-shaped curve shown by the undisturbed forest. In Jozani the relationship of overall density to DBH follows the L - shaped curve whereby the lowest DBH class has the highest number of species, and the high DBH class has the lowest number of species, except for transect 9 a forest plantation under the monospecific genus Callophyllum. The diameter distribution of this transect shows a normal J - shaped curve suggesting that there is no forest stratification. In this forest plantation old individuals continue to increase in size and dominate the forest while few seedlings are recruited. ii. Light indicator species Light indicator species show reduced ecological integrity. The presence of such indicators is a sign of secondary forest or disturbed habitat (Budowski, 1965): a) Indicative groups of pioneer tree species found in the gap formations: The indicative groups of pioneer tree species found in the study area include Trema guineensis, Macaranga capensis and Mallotus opposifolia. b) Light demanding species: These include Panicum trichocladum, Aframomum angustifolium (ginger group), Stenochlaena tenuifolium, Nephrolepis biserrata, and Phymatodes scolopendria. The latter three belong to the fern group. iii. Atmospheric moisture indicators This indicator group refers to families of species indicating high atmospheric humidity e.g. the hanging Usnea, the epiphytic orchids of Aerangis hologlotis and Microcoelia exilis in bushland and thicket. No quantitative sampling was undertaken for these indicator groups. Other direct ecological indicators are those of disturbance. These include cut stumps of trees, fire incidences, presence of footpaths leading to areas of destruction (pole cutting), burnt stumps and logs, exotic trees e.g. Mangifera indica, Cocos nucifera which indicate development stages of farming and settlements. Some species serve as ecological indicators for certain habitat 32
conditions. Acrostichum aureum and Paspalum vaginatum are indictors of saline conditions often associated with salt marsh. The percentage of canopy gaps is reflected by the frequency of light indicators. Mostly the gaps created in old growth are colonised by light indicators which eventually dominate. 4.1.4 Vegetation condition, quantitative description and assessment of species abundance i) Trees basal area, density and dominance The basal area calculated for each vegetation type separately (Table 5 & Fig. 2) showed the highest basal area (53.49 m 2 .ha -1 ) in transect 7 representing ground-water forest, the Areca catechu dominant stand, followed by transect 9 which represents Callophylum plantation (49.06 m 2 .ha -1 ), transect 17 representing Gmelina plantation (36.57 m 2 .ha -1 ), and transect 8 in the ground-water forest, the Pandanus-Elaies dominant stand (22.35 m 2 .ha -1 ). Some vegetation communities showed an intermediate range of basal areas. These include the Syzigium and Eugenia dominant stand in the ground water forest (transect 13), the vegetation at the edge of mangrove (transect 10) and the Albizia dominated forest (transect 6) which had 17.01 m 2 .ha -1 , 16.98 m 2 .ha -1 and 16.3 m 2 .ha -1 respectively. The rest of transects had low basal area values less than 10.0 m 2 .ha -1 . The lowest values were recorded in salt marsh swamp (transect 1), wooded grassland (transect 3) and in dry bushland and thickets (transect 5). The density (Table 5), expressed as the number of stems per hactare for the sampled trees showed a nearly similar pattern as that observed in basal area with highest values in ground water forest, the Areca catechu dominant stand (1097.5 stems.ha -1 ) followed by Gmelina plantation (530.0 stems.ha -1 ). Next to this plantation were evergreen scrub forest (transect 4) and the Pandanus- Elaies stand in the ground water forest having 475 stems.ha -1 each and the Acacia plantations (440 stem.ha -1 ). These five forest stands had density over 400 stems per hectare which is substantially high figure. Again the lowest values were recorded in the salt marsh swamp grassland and wooded grassland. These big differences in tree basal area and density for different transects explains the big differences existing within the study area for micro-habitat conditions ranging from the permanently wet habitats to very dry rocky ones. Tree dominance for each transect was calculated separately and the species dominance values are presented in Appendix III. There was a high variation in dominance among transects. Based on ranks assigned to each species, Diospyros consolatae had highest dominance in the evergreen scrub forest (transects 2 & 4) and in transect 14 while Annona senegalensis and Bridelia 33
Page 1 and 2: SERIKALI YA MAPINDUZI ZANZIBAR CARE
Page 3 and 4: 4.1.2 Floristic diversity and speci
Page 5 and 6: Figure 3: Distribution of tree heig
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements We would like to t
Page 10 and 11: Executive Summary A biodiversity in
Page 12 and 13: are reported to occur in Chwaka Bay
Page 14 and 15: Biodiversity hotspots are biologica
Page 16 and 17: establishing a forest reserve. Thes
Page 19 and 20: Quaternary rocks have a mixture of
Page 21 and 22: joining marshes and springs. Appare
Page 25 and 26: provides human population in villag
Page 27 and 28: 3.1.2 Vegetation data collection Th
Page 29: 3.2.2 Digitization and rectificatio
Page 32: Transect SN Name 3 Bondeni (Evergre
Page 35 and 36: 3.3.2.4 Amphibians Most amphibian s
Page 37 and 38: 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Vege
Page 39 and 40: VEGETATION CATEGORIES AND MAIN EDAP
Page 41 and 42: Jozani forest is the only large rem
Page 43: 1994). Ecological indicators are us
Page 47 and 48: Table 5: Summarized tree data for d
Page 49 and 50: ground water forest. It may also me
Page 51 and 52: production of conventional medicine
Page 53 and 54: Botanical name Vernacular name Dise
Page 55 and 56: government of Zanzibar realized tha
Page 57 and 58: Species name Medicinal Firewood Cha
Page 59 and 60: the endangered red colobus monkey.
Page 61 and 62: Zanzibar Leopard (Panthera pardus a
Page 63 and 64: including secondary thicket. The du
Page 65 and 66: habitats. The elephant shrews thoug
Page 67 and 68: Four night drive transects ran from
Page 69 and 70: Table 13: Relative abundance of som
Page 71 and 72: for limited number of animal groups
Page 73 and 74: Amphibian catch rate per 100 trap n
Page 75 and 76: Table 16: Shannon Weaver Diversity
Page 77 and 78: Animal group Common name Scientific
Page 79 and 80: 2. Feeding migrations: movement awa
Page 81 and 82: - places of great attraction of lar
Page 83 and 84: In Chwaka Bay fish production by ar
Page 85 and 86: In Chwaka Bay some fishers use fish
Page 87 and 88: is given on Appendix Xa, and the nu
Page 89 and 90: 5.0 EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOUR
Page 91 and 92: 6.0 POTENTIAL THREATS TO BIODIVERSI
Page 93 and 94: as plague. Rattus rattus have been
Page 95 and 96:
given the large number of visitors
Page 97 and 98:
Group Species Threats Invertebrates
Page 99 and 100:
3. Immediate scientific measures sh
Page 101 and 102:
14. Mangrove formations for instanc
Page 103 and 104:
iodiversity conservation. Emphasis
Page 105 and 106:
REFERENCES Archer, A. L. and Mwinyi
Page 107 and 108:
FAO/Department of Environment Zanzi
Page 109 and 110:
Migdoll, I. (1987) Field Guide to t
Page 111 and 112:
UNEP (2001) Eastern Africa Atlas of
Page 113 and 114:
Appendix I: Plant checklist of Joza
Page 115 and 116:
FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
Page 117 and 118:
FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
Page 119 and 120:
Appendix II: Species abundance in h
Page 121 and 122:
S/N SPECIES NAME SAMPLE TOTAL R.D R
Page 123 and 124:
1 2 3 4 INDIVID (%) (%) UALS 1 Achy
Page 125 and 126:
TRANSECT IX: HERBS (0.5m x 2m) S/N
Page 127 and 128:
13 Rhus natalensis 3 3 5.36 5.88 14
Page 129 and 130:
9 Maytenus mossambicensis 1 1 1.89
Page 131 and 132:
UALS 1 Acacia mangium 1 1 1.90 6.67
Page 133 and 134:
Transect Species No. of individuals
Page 135 and 136:
Transect Species No. of individuals
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix IV: Questionnaire Yafuatay
Page 139 and 140:
(v) Taja mimea inayopendwa au inayo
Page 141 and 142:
(ii) Occupation of respondents Farm
Page 143 and 144:
(vi) Vegetation The figure below in
Page 145 and 146:
Local name Scientific name Use Tiss
Page 147 and 148:
Local name English name Use Chura F
Page 149 and 150:
Frequency of mention 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Page 151 and 152:
Knowledge of transmissable disease
Page 153 and 154:
Appendix VI: List of algae and seag
Page 155 and 156:
Reptiles DERMOCHELYIDAE Dermochelys
Page 157 and 158:
MEGADERMATIDAE Cardioderma cor Hear
Page 159 and 160:
Appendix VIII: Results from trappin
Page 161 and 162:
(No capture) Bucket Pitfall Traplin
Page 163 and 164:
Trapping effort (No. of snaps) (No
Page 165 and 166:
Appendix IXa: Brief description of
Page 167 and 168:
BOTHIDAE Colour: eyed side brown, o
Page 169 and 170:
HOLOCENTRIDAE Colour: usually red o
Page 171 and 172:
MULLIDAE Colour: variable, ground c
Page 173 and 174:
Colour: inshore scapionfishes are m
Page 175 and 176:
FAMILY Species Common name CHAETODO
Page 177 and 178:
SERRANIDAE Cromileptes altivelis Ba
Page 179 and 180:
Epamera sidus Trimen ✪✪ Epamera
Page 181 and 182:
Checklist of Dragonflies and Damsel
Page 183 and 184:
SM NF WG GFP GFN THI TOTAL Papilio
show all

Jozani biodiversity inventory report 2002 - Coastal Forests of Kenya ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?