Jozani biodiversity inventory report 2002 - Coastal Forests of Kenya ...

is given on Appendix Xa, and the number of individuals from the six sites is given in
Appendix Xb. At least 68 species seen by Archer et al (1991) were not sampled during this
survey.
Relative abundance was similar at five out of the six sites. There were 34, 43, 43, 36, and 30
individual specimens per total sampling effort at the first five sampling sites (see Table in
Appendix IXd). The sixth site (thicket) had low relative abundance of both Lepidoptera and
Odonata (18 individual specimens per total sampling effort). Sampling effort was low due to
the short time spent in the field. This is indicated by the large number of species represented
by single specimens (singletons). For example, for Butterflies, the percentage of singletons
was 58.7%. Most of the butterflies and Odonata are common in lowland parts of East Africa.
The following species deserve special attention:
a) Rare species
Acraea cerasa cerasa, commonly known as the "tree-top acraea", is rare in Tanzania. This
species is found in tree tops of coastal forests. Its larval food plant are the forest tree species,
Rowsonia lucida and R. usambarensis (Family Flacourtiaceae) and Rinorea convallarifolia
(Family Violaceae).
b) Endemic species
Two species Abisara zanzibarica and Bicyclus kiellandi are endemic to Tanzania. The first
was described from specimens collected at Jozani Zanzibar in 1988. The second is found in
woodland, grassland and forest edges in localised areas from sea level to mid-altitude. It has
been collected in Mikumi and the Udzungwa Mountains.
c) Forest species
Forest species are indicated with an asterisk (*) in Appendix Xa. These need special
conservation priority because their habitat (forest) is subjected to pressure from economic
activities (agriculture etc.). Examples include: Amauris niavius dominicus (the frier or
monnik) is an unpalatable species to predators and serves as a model to several other
butterflies (mimics). Its larval host plant is Gymnema sylvestre. The adults are found all year
around. Charaxes brutus natalensis (the white-barred charaxes) is found in most coastal and
island forests. Its larval host plants include Triclia emetica, T. dregeana, Turraea spp. and
others. Papilio nireus lyaeus (green-banded swallowtail) occurs in forest and woodland from
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