Jozani biodiversity inventory report 2002 - Coastal Forests of Kenya ...

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The Xenopus muelleri is a species restricted to freshwater pools and can move from one water body to another on wet days. It has a wide distribution south of the Sahara. In Jozani-Chwaka National Park it was found in ground water forest areas. Three members of the family Bufonidae are reported on Zanzibar Island. Bufo gutturalis although common in Zanzibar, was not recorded in the park area. The population of this species in Jozani may be very low. Mertensophryne micranotis and Stephopaedes howelli are among the known coastal forest endemic species. Stephopaedes howelli (Plate 34) is reported for the first time on Zanzibar Island. Mertensophryne micranotis was recorded once in plantation forest around Unguja Kuu during the survey. Both species prefer areas with leaf litter and breeding takes place in water trapped in snail shells, coral rag and in tree holes. Members of the Tree Frogs (Hyperoliidae, Lepipelis, Afrixalus and Hyperolius) reported on Zanzibar are common species. Afrixalus stuhlmanni although not recorded during the survey, its type locality is on Zanzibar Island and may be considered as endemic to Zanzibar. Hyperolius parkeri and Leptopelis flavomaculatus are coastal forest endemics. Most animals were recorded in areas near forest edge and in patches of grassland. Kassina maculata, a species common in fresh water ponds and known to occur on Zanzibar Island was not recorded inside the park area during the survey. A possibly new species of Kassina was found (Plate 35). The highest abundance of this species was recorded in forest plantation around Unguja Ukuu. More ecological studies are needed while the description process is underway. The family Rhacophoridae, (Foam-nest Tree frogs) is represented by only a single species on Zanzibar, Chinomantes xerompelina. Eight species of Ranids have been reported for Zanzibar and all are common in the adjacent mainland coastal areas with the exception of Phrynobatrachus pakenhami and Phrynobatrachus minutus. P. pakenhami type locality is near Wete, Pemba and seems to be endemic to Zanzibar and Pemba Islands. Taxonomically, the species may be confused with P. acridoides, which is most abundant in rice cultivation outside the park area. Arthroleptis stenodactylus was reported on Zanzibar for the first time. The species is widely distributed in East Africa to South Africa. However, two types (forest and woodland types) have been reported and can be separated by their characteristic calls (Msuya, 2001). The forest type which was recorded in Jozani forest is restricted to closed and mature forest habitat. 62
Table 16: Shannon Weaver Diversity indices (H') for amphibians captured in the 8 sampled transects in Jozani-Chwaka Proposed National Park, Zanzibar (H' max = 1.2788) Transect H' 1 Wangwani (forest) 0.5699 2 Wangwani (wooded grassland) 0.5796 3 Bondeni (forest) 0.2775 4 Jozani (ground water forest plantation) 0.7174 5 Tovu (ground water forest) 0.7054 6 Unguja Ukuu (forest plantation) 0.2364 7 Mapopwe (coral rag forest) 0.4729 8 Kichanga (secondary forest/mangrove forest edge) 0.0371 4.2.8 Endemic species of animals Many species on Zanzibar and Pemba have existed or evolved in isolation from mainland Tanzania for thousands of years. This has resulted in the development of a number of endemic and near endemic species. At least 6 mammal species are known to be endemic to Zanzibar (Table 17). Table 17: Endemic and near endemic animal species and sub species on Zanzibar (Source: Moreau and Pakenham, 1941; Pakenham, 1984; Kingdon, 1997; Burgess and Clarke, 2000) Animal group Common name Scientific name Status Felidae Zanzibar leopard Panthera pardus Endemic to Zanzibar adersi Cercopithecidae Zanzibar Red Colobus Piliocolobus kirkii Endemic to Zanzibar Bovidae Zanzibar Red Duiker Cephalophus adersi Endemic to East African coastal forests, Arabuko- Sokoke forest in Kenya Blue Duiker Cephalophus monticola monticola Near endemic (two different races, one on Pemba and one on Zanzibar; Kingdon, 1997) Galagonidae Garnetts Galago Otolemur garnettii East African coastal forests endemic Zanzibar Galago Galagoides East African coastal forests Soricidae Black and Rufous Elephant Shrew zanzibaricus Rhynchocyon petersi adersi endemic Endemic to Zanzibar 4.2.9 Threatened and endangered animal species A number of animal species found in the survey area and surroundings are threatened. These include 14 mammals and 14 reptiles (see Table 18). At least one species, the Hawksbill turtle 63
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SERIKALI YA MAPINDUZI ZANZIBAR CARE
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4.1.2 Floristic diversity and speci
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Figure 3: Distribution of tree heig
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Acknowledgements We would like to t
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Executive Summary A biodiversity in
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are reported to occur in Chwaka Bay
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Biodiversity hotspots are biologica
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establishing a forest reserve. Thes
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Quaternary rocks have a mixture of
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joining marshes and springs. Appare
Page 25 and 26: provides human population in villag
Page 27 and 28: 3.1.2 Vegetation data collection Th
Page 29: 3.2.2 Digitization and rectificatio
Page 32: Transect SN Name 3 Bondeni (Evergre
Page 35 and 36: 3.3.2.4 Amphibians Most amphibian s
Page 37 and 38: 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Vege
Page 39 and 40: VEGETATION CATEGORIES AND MAIN EDAP
Page 41 and 42: Jozani forest is the only large rem
Page 43 and 44: 1994). Ecological indicators are us
Page 45 and 46: conditions. Acrostichum aureum and
Page 47 and 48: Table 5: Summarized tree data for d
Page 49 and 50: ground water forest. It may also me
Page 51 and 52: production of conventional medicine
Page 53 and 54: Botanical name Vernacular name Dise
Page 55 and 56: government of Zanzibar realized tha
Page 57 and 58: Species name Medicinal Firewood Cha
Page 59 and 60: the endangered red colobus monkey.
Page 61 and 62: Zanzibar Leopard (Panthera pardus a
Page 63 and 64: including secondary thicket. The du
Page 65 and 66: habitats. The elephant shrews thoug
Page 67 and 68: Four night drive transects ran from
Page 69 and 70: Table 13: Relative abundance of som
Page 71 and 72: for limited number of animal groups
Page 73: Amphibian catch rate per 100 trap n
Page 77 and 78: Animal group Common name Scientific
Page 79 and 80: 2. Feeding migrations: movement awa
Page 81 and 82: - places of great attraction of lar
Page 83 and 84: In Chwaka Bay fish production by ar
Page 85 and 86: In Chwaka Bay some fishers use fish
Page 87 and 88: is given on Appendix Xa, and the nu
Page 89 and 90: 5.0 EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOUR
Page 91 and 92: 6.0 POTENTIAL THREATS TO BIODIVERSI
Page 93 and 94: as plague. Rattus rattus have been
Page 95 and 96: given the large number of visitors
Page 97 and 98: Group Species Threats Invertebrates
Page 99 and 100: 3. Immediate scientific measures sh
Page 101 and 102: 14. Mangrove formations for instanc
Page 103 and 104: iodiversity conservation. Emphasis
Page 105 and 106: REFERENCES Archer, A. L. and Mwinyi
Page 107 and 108: FAO/Department of Environment Zanzi
Page 109 and 110: Migdoll, I. (1987) Field Guide to t
Page 111 and 112: UNEP (2001) Eastern Africa Atlas of
Page 113 and 114: Appendix I: Plant checklist of Joza
Page 115 and 116: FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
Page 117 and 118: FAMILY BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME Gr
Page 119 and 120: Appendix II: Species abundance in h
Page 121 and 122: S/N SPECIES NAME SAMPLE TOTAL R.D R
Page 123 and 124: 1 2 3 4 INDIVID (%) (%) UALS 1 Achy
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TRANSECT IX: HERBS (0.5m x 2m) S/N
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13 Rhus natalensis 3 3 5.36 5.88 14
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9 Maytenus mossambicensis 1 1 1.89
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UALS 1 Acacia mangium 1 1 1.90 6.67
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Transect Species No. of individuals
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Transect Species No. of individuals
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Appendix IV: Questionnaire Yafuatay
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(v) Taja mimea inayopendwa au inayo
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(ii) Occupation of respondents Farm
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(vi) Vegetation The figure below in
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Local name Scientific name Use Tiss
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Local name English name Use Chura F
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Frequency of mention 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Knowledge of transmissable disease
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Appendix VI: List of algae and seag
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Reptiles DERMOCHELYIDAE Dermochelys
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MEGADERMATIDAE Cardioderma cor Hear
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Appendix VIII: Results from trappin
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(No capture) Bucket Pitfall Traplin
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Trapping effort (No. of snaps) (No
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Appendix IXa: Brief description of
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BOTHIDAE Colour: eyed side brown, o
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HOLOCENTRIDAE Colour: usually red o
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MULLIDAE Colour: variable, ground c
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Colour: inshore scapionfishes are m
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FAMILY Species Common name CHAETODO
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SERRANIDAE Cromileptes altivelis Ba
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Epamera sidus Trimen ✪✪ Epamera
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Checklist of Dragonflies and Damsel
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SM NF WG GFP GFN THI TOTAL Papilio
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