Draft Interpretive Plan Join the adventure! - Captain John Smith ...

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The forests by the Bay were home to several species of land animals, many of which Smith identified. The opossum and raccoon, new to the Europeans, are still common and still known by their Powhatan names. Deer, squirrels (including flying squirrels), rabbits, bears, wolves, bobcats, foxes, martens, skunks, weasels, minks, otters, and beavers were also abundant. Later residents or visitors to the Bay’s western and northern drainages occasionally wrote of elk and bison, but no bison bones have been identified at Native archeological sites close to the Bay. Birds included a wide variety of songbirds such as the cardinal, which was new to the English. Eagles, hawks, quails, and wild turkeys were common. Passenger pigeons were famously described as migrating by the millions in seemingly endless clouds, but are now extinct. Waterfowl flew into and around the Bay, especially as various species migrated in the spring and autumn. They included wood ducks, green-winged teal, ring-necked ducks, pintails, long-tailed ducks, common loons, scaups, Canada geese, and other varieties, in numbers that stunned the English. The changes in faunal and floral concentrations in the Chesapeake Bay watershed between 1608 and the present have been as dramatic as the changes to the fish, shellfish, and water plants of the Bay itself. In 1608, perhaps 90 percent of the Bay watershed was woodland; by the end of the nineteenth century, after two centuries of agricultural and urban development, it was about 25 percent. Consequent loss of habitat has been a major factor in the decline of many animal species. The passenger pigeon and wolf were hunted to extinction. In general terms, species that required undisturbed habitat have declined or vanished; those that thrive on disturbed habitats such as farm fields, industrial sites, and housing developments—those that do well in association with humans—have persisted or even increased in numbers. English house sparrows, for example, have done well; the Carolina parakeet is no more. Among once-numerous animals, white-tailed deer still are thriving in part because their natural predators (wolves) are no longer present, having been extirpated. The appearance of the Bay and its tributaries today, compared to Smith’s time, varies widely from one place to another. From the water, much of the Bay’s shoreline may appear similar in the absence of obvious development, especially in areas where reforestation has occurred. Closer inspection, however, usually reveals signs of human activity, such as the lining of banks with rubble stone to reduce erosion, or modern dwellings hidden among the trees. The former steel plant at Sparrows Point on the Patapsco River is hard to miss, but the Great Falls of the Potomac and parts of the Patuxent River still look much as they did when Smith saw them. The views around the Bay—whether thick with manmade structures, or almost pristine—are as varied as the Bay itself. 123
APPENDIX F: FREEMAN TILDEN’S INTERPRETIVE PRINCIPLES 1. Any interpretation that does not somehow relate what is being displayed or described to something within the personality or experience of the visitor will be sterile. 2. Information, as such, is not interpretation. Interpretation is revelation based upon information. These are entirely different things. All interpretation, however, includes information. 3. Interpretation is an art, which combines many arts, whether the materials presented are scientific, historical, or architectural. Any art is in some degree teachable. 4. The chief aim of interpretation is not instruction, but provocation. 5. Interpretation should aim to present a whole rather than a part, and must address itself to the whole person rather than any phase. 6. Interpretation addressed to children (say, up to the age of twelve) should not be a dilution of the presentation to adults, but should follow a fundamentally different approach. To be at its best it will require a separate program. 124
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Captain John Smith Chesapeake Natio
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o o o o o o o A Visit to Baltimore
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Captain John Smith Chesapeake Natio
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explorers, Captain John Smith, and
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colonies, and influenced colonial a
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Currently, any adventurer can attem
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• will provide an opportunity to
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communities with other societies as
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As noted in journal entries and wri
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SECTION 3: INTERPRETIVE STRATEGY In
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connections between people and the
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• Although surveying in the 17th
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Today, the Chesapeake Bay is a nati
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Art and Culture Enthusiasts Photogr
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Urban and Suburban Audiences 5 More
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photographing natural scenery (up 1
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supply and demand for rooms, averag
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Be motivated to experience the Bay
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Chickahominy, and the concierge arr
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watermen haul in their net, describ
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this story at the park’s Trail Ce
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Chesapeake Bay. They have a renewed
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Gateways, land management agencies,
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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad
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Chesapeake Bay Indian Tribes and De
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A spectrum of commercial services -
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impacts. The Trail interpretive pro
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Notes Extended to 9/09 Project Titl
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Notes Project Title Year Initiated
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Preliminary Action Plan The followi
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On-going On-going. Develop an Webba
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On-going. On-going. Some new water
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On-going. Some programs are in plac
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National Geographic & partners are
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On-going. On-going. On-going. On-go
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Tools and Guidelines for Implementa
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potable water and food may be acqui
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Porter, Frank W. Indians in Marylan
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APPENDIX O: Template for Captain Jo
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esources of the Nation.” National
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accurately follow the historic rout
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APPENDIX C: SUMMARY REPORT, 2007-20
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*The health conscious (exercise, et
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*There is a long-term history of Am
Page 90 and 91: *Weather and the seasons affect the
Page 92 and 93: through the environment. An example
Page 94 and 95: *Patuxent River Park *Jug Bay *Park
Page 96 and 97: *Nanticoke Indian Association Museu
Page 98 and 99: *Feel a sense of empowerment to pro
Page 100 and 101: *Coastal Zone Management/Department
Page 102 and 103: *Publicize during 2008 celebration.
Page 104 and 105: *Create websites to communicate inf
Page 106 and 107: *From Point Lookout State Park meet
Page 108 and 109: CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH CHESAPEAKE NATIO
Page 110 and 111: *Note: For our purposes, the term
Page 112 and 113: APPENDIX D: TRAIL-RELATED RESOURCES
Page 114 and 115: Interpretation Potential Public or
Page 128 and 129: what they knew about their homeland
Page 130 and 131: closer to fresh arable land. Someti
Page 132 and 133: Pennsylvania. Like the Massawomeck,
Page 134 and 135: and essentially superior to the way
Page 136 and 137: proportion that he seemed the goodl
Page 138 and 139: coal, and rich soil were deposited
Page 142 and 143: APPENDIX G: TEACHER/EDUCATIONAL RES
Page 144 and 145: 1) Identify and describe a shallop.
Page 146 and 147: This lesson primarily covers the pe
Page 148 and 149: 2) Research and classify plants and
Page 150 and 151: In this activity, students will exp
Page 152 and 153: Enforcement of Nondiscrimination on
Page 154 and 155: APPENDIX I: VISITATION DATA FROM IN
Page 156 and 157: Trap Pond State Park, Laurel, DE Mo
Page 158 and 159: Washington, DC 20230 Phone: 202- 48
Page 160 and 161: Maryland Office of Tourism Developm
Page 162 and 163: La Plata, MD 20646 Phone: 301-609-7
Page 164 and 165: 8601 Georgia Avenue, Suite 612 Silv
Page 166 and 167: Virginian Eastern Shore Water Trail
Page 168 and 169: interpretive kiosk is already in pl
Page 170 and 171: APPENDIX M: SITE-SPECIFIC INTERPRET
Page 172 and 173: APPENDIX N: TEMPLATE FOR CHESAPEAKE
Page 174 and 175: explorations of Chesapeake Bay reso
Page 176 and 177: APPENDIX O: TEMPLATE FOR CAPTAIN JO
Page 178 and 179: and opportunities to explore their
Page 180 and 181: law. B. NPS Appropriations: Nothing
Page 182 and 183: • Education: Serving as outdoor c
Page 184 and 185: Raise Funds Develop a fundraising p
Page 186 and 187: Interviews Interview community lead
Page 188 and 189: organization. Implementing plans, r
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• Support and acknowledge their e
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Local Government Grants—Many loca
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Donors generally give large gifts t
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• Existing access, parking, and m
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Inform boaters about the availabili
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nonprofit organizations. As the tra
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Liability One issue that almost all
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enhance their experience—and dire
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Wayside exhibits can heighten inter
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Map Folders or Brochure Produce a s
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On a website, provide a Resource li
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Orientation exhibits can be standar
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Maintain Facilities Clean and repai
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• Be considerate of others Paddli
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• Sierra Club Inner City Outings:
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Make sure the work crews receive tr
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What Is the CBGN Grant Program? --
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Grants projects that actively invol
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Gateways Network Graphics Standards
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Curriculum-Based: Proposed programs
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public education of and access to t
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• Attachments must be on 8 ½" x
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are to carry out the project. You m
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Telephone: 202-442-8800 Richmond, V
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will then be required to supplement
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