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Gunung Stong State Park Preliminary Management Plan Machang 54,400 58,040 71,584 79,032 Tanah Merah 86,800 61,996 94,611 103,487 Jeli 132,900 23,352 32,720 36,512 Gua Musang 810,400 18,578 63,816 76,655 Total 1,492,200 859,270 1,181,316 1,313,014 Source: UPEN Kelantan (2001). The population densities (per sq. km) as in 2000, in descending order are: Kota Bharu (994); Tumpat (802); Bacok (421); Pasir Mas (286); Pasir Puteh (245); Macang (145); Tanah Merah (119); Kuala Krai (42); Jeli (28); and Gua Musang (10). It is interesting to note that the districts with the higher populations are those in the north, that lie within the Sg. Kelantan delta, while those districts in the south (Gua Musang, Jeli, Kuala Krai), accounting for 78% of the total land area, accounts for only 17% of her population. The reason is historical: the coastal plains are more accessible by sea and, through links with neighboring kingdoms, gave rise of entrepot centers that attract settlers; whereas the interior, being forested, were less accessible for trade and settlement. However, improvements in rail and road communications are reducing this lopsidedness: the population in Gua Musang increased by 240% between 1980 and 1991 and by 20% between 1991 and 2000, compared to just 33% for Kota Bharu between 1980 and 1991, and 11% between 1991 and 2000. It is fair to come to the logical conclusion that population growth in Gua Musang is also due to in-migration from other parts of Kelantan, and not due to birth rates alone. 1.5.3 Local Economy Services (government, banking, transportation, etc.) account for a major contributor to the GDP, followed by agriculture, manufacturing, construction, and mining (see Table 1.4). The per capita GDP increased from RM 3,695.09 in 1999 to RM 4,028.14 in 2000. The Mid-Term Review of the Eighth <strong>Malaysia</strong> Plan estimated that 12.4% of the Kelantan population were below the poverty line of RM529 (for the peninsula in 2002), the second highest poverty rate in the peninsula (EPU, 2003). Table 1.4: Gross Domestic Product by Sectors Sector Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock and Fishing GDP (RM million) 1999 % 2000 % 835.50 22.7 828.00 15.66 Mining 47.40 0.98 47.00 0.89 Manufacturing 672.60 13.86 746.00 14.10 Construction 136.60 2.82 105.00 1.99 Services 3,159.60 65.00 3,563.00 67.37 GDP 4,851.70 5,289.00 Per Capita GDP (RM) 3,695.09 4,028.14 Source: UPEN Kelantan (2001). 8
Gunung Stong State Park Preliminary Management Plan 1.5.4 Tourism Tourism increased by 20-fold from 1984 to 2004 (see Table 1.5) with the number of foreign visitors increasing by 24 times between 1984 and 2000. However, Thai nationals make the majority of foreign visitors, accounting for some 94% (497,187) of the total. The next biggest groups of visitors are (in descending order) from the UK, making up 0.94% (4,996), Singaporeans, 0.89% (4,698), other non-Commonwealth countries, 0.86% (4,556), Indonesia, 0.55% (2,922), Scandinavia, 0.45% (2,382), and Japan, 0.38% (1994) (TIC, 2001). Excluding the Thais from the total (as most of them are transients, coming to work in Kelantan and other parts of <strong>Malaysia</strong>), the bona fide foreign tourists are some 30,000, of which, it is assumed that some 6,000 (20%) are eco- or nature-tourists. Table 1.5: Tourist Arrivals in Kelantan Tourist Arrivals Year Domestic % International % Total 1984 201,135 90 22,182 10 223,317 1985 220,012 89 27,000 11 247,012 1986 224,816 88 29,240 12 254,056 1987 286,213 90 32,633 10 318,846 1988 344,106 89 44,509 11 388,615 1989 412,782 84 78,843 16 491,625 1990 557,255 82 126,148 18 683,403 1991 816,479 84 155,250 16 971,729 1992 837,315 77 253,367 23 1,090,682 1993 915,437 76 282,929 24 1,198,366 1994 1,025,799 78 284,525 22 1,310,324 1995 1,209,170 76 391,873 24 1,601,043 1996 1,668,155 82 357,797 18 2,025,952 1997 1,886,508 83 384,005 17 2,270,513 1998 2,203,840 84 426,598 16 2,630,438 1999 2,124,150 84 407,767 16 2,630,438 2000 2,235,024 81 527,969 19 2,762,993 2001 2,830,625 81 610,531 19 3,480,901 2002 3,514,674 85 610,531 15 4,125,205 2003 3,960,000 88 561,572 12 4,521,000 2004 4,266,286 88 590,964 12 4,857,260 Source: TIC (2004). Tourism is a major contributor to the state government, jumping from RM38,819,500 in 1987, to RM864,126,240 in 2000 (TIC, 2001). Even during the economic crisis in 1997-1998, estimated contribution from tourism is significant, accounting for RM684,676,604 in 1997 and RM767,225,140 in 1998 (TIC, 2001). 9
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