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Gunung Stong State Park Preliminary Management Plan Kemajuan Tanah Negeri Kelantan Darulnaim). The area around GSSP is managed by the operations centre in Jelawang, manned by a staff of 11. In the district of Kuala Krai Selatan (MDKKS), there are eight schemes, of which, six (RPT Jelawang, Mempelam, Biak, Meranto, Sg. Long, Pasir Dusun) are under the KESEDAR Jelawang operations office. The KESEDAR settlements in the MDKKS area are listed in Table 2.6. Table 2.6: Areas under the KESEDAR in the MDKKS No. Name of Scheme Families No. Settlers Main Crop Area (ha) 1 RPT Jelawang 187 455 Rubber 527.92 2 RPT Mempelam 145 455 Rubber 736.14 3 RPT Biak 320 713 Rubber 958.20 4 RPT Meranto 88 N/A Rubber N/A 5 RPT Pasir Dusun 135 750 Rubber 2828 6 RPT Sg. Long 250 1,155 Rubber 4050 7 RPT Sg. Sam 264 705 Rubber 565.37 8 RPT Sg. Rek 515 515 Rubber 545.11 9 RPT Sg. Sok 130 800 Rubber 1,011.12 10 Cucuh Puteri 216 1,986 Rubber 1,186 11 Cahaya Putera 216 1,375 Rubber 781.29 Total 4,266 Source: KESEDAR (1995), from JPBD (1996). Similar to the FELDA schemes, KESEDAR land settlement schemes have been hugely successful in alleviating the poverty rate, but the offsprings, after obtaining better education, and good employment opportunities, rarely return to work on the farms, that usually end in neglect as the settlers become too old to maintain, much less work the farms. Some of the rubber smallholdings are due for the second replanting, and arrangements are being made to collaborate with RISDA (pers. comm. Mohamed bin Abdullah, KESEDAR, 2005). According to En. Mohamed Husin, KESEDAR is not clearing any new land, and its role has changed to providing infrastructure, and improving the quality of life of the settlers (and their children) through capacity building, and this includes technical training, small business training and operations such as small rural industries (poultry farms, grouped vegetable farms, black pepper farms, food processing), and soft loans for budding entrepreneurs. Projects planned and implemented by KESEDAR within their areas of operation are: • Infrastructure and public amenities – road development, supply of treated water, electricity and public amenities, such as bus terminal and rest and recreation areas, in South Kelantan. As at 2002, some 1,658 km of roads in South Kelantan has been built, and 81% and 92% of the population in South Kelantan has 24-hour electrical supply and piped water supply, respectively (www.kesedar.com). • Urban and Growth Area Development – planning and development of growth areas through the provision of infrastructure, housing, and social services. Jeli and Ciku have been identified as primary growth areas, while traditional villages like Manik Urai, Bt. Bunga, and Sg. Asap, are identified as village growth areas. • Economics and Investments – the major activities are entrepreneur development, industrial lot development, corporate development, trade and commerce, commercial agriculture and asset management, and hospitality. Some 161 industrial lots (110 ha) 28
Gunung Stong State Park Preliminary Management Plan have been offered in Gua Musang for investors in the wood-based industry, and as at 2002, nine of these industries were operational. To spearhead the economics sector, three subsidiaries were formed: KESEDAR Perkilangan Sdn. Bhd., KESEDAR Dagang Sdn. Bhd., and KESEDAR Inn Sdn. Bhd. • Human Development Programme – this includes social and institutional development, poverty alleviation and village development schemes, with the objective of changing the attitudes of the population, turning them into disciplined, far-sighted, resourceful individuals, by training and educating them. Under the poverty alleviation scheme, aid in the form of agriculture input, cattle rearing, and house repair, is provided. • Traditional Villages – restructing and resettling of high flood-risk villages, and providing basic infrastructure and social services to raise their standard of living. Special projects such as lemon orchards, nuclear village, and herb gardens, have been introduced. • Land Development Schemes (RPT) – the major socio-economic thrust for the creation of KESEDAR, this is the conversion of large areas of forestland into monoculture of oilpalm or rubber. Under this scheme, 9,655ha of rubber, and 9,655ha of oilpalm have been planted, benefiting 2228 families. Expert technical advice is available from KESEDAR staff and the relevant agencies (MPOB, RRIM, MARDI, DOA, and Veterinary Department). • Land Rehabilitation Schemes (RKT) – this is the absorption of the 24 state-owned land development schemes totaling 29,661ha (24,249ha rubber, 3,484ha oilpalm, and 1,928ha fruit orchards) and 7451 families, into KESEDAR. Like the RPT, basic facilities, technical advice and agriculture inputs are provided. • Tourism – tourism products are identified, promoted, and yearly events organised at the tourism sites identified including tournaments at the 9-hole golf course, the Nenggiri Challenge, rock-climbing, homestay programmes and visits to the Ethnobotany Park. The subsidiary responsible for these activities is the KESEDAR Travel Sdn. Bhd. There is a major wood processing industry at Meranto, operated by a subsidiary of the state government: the Kompleks Perkayuan Kelantan (KPK), within a 63.9ha area, some 5km south of GSSP. With major concessions totaling 92,000ha (JPBD, 1996), from the Balah and Gunung Berangkat Forest Reserves, KPK produces planks for the export and the domestic markets. The Dabong-Gua Musang road cuts through the southeastern part of GSSP, dividing the park into two portions, a larger western portion containing most of the Gunung Stong massif and its southern flank and a much smaller eastern portion that contains a hilly area. This smaller portion contains a significant area of scrubland and there appears to be some encroachment of fruit orchards and rubber smallholdings into the GSSP area to the east of the Dabong-Gua Musang road. This presents some potential problems in the management of GSSP as having two separate portions means that there are more access points into GSSP for illegal activities and therefore greater management inputs are required. Furthermore, land encroachment will need to be resolved, either through eviction of illegal settlers (which may require some form of compensation) or excision of these small areas from the GSSP area. 2.8 Socio-Economy Agriculture, animal husbandry, logging and fisheries are the leading contributor to the GDP of the Kuala Krai district, though declining from RM61.3 million (1980) to RM53.4 million (1995). There are three major crops – rubber, fruits and oilpalm – with the area under rubber comprising 59.9% (25,959ha out of the total 93,515ha under agriculture in the district) followed by fruit orchards, 21.9% (9,487ha) and oilpalm, 13.7 % (5,927ha) (JPBD, 1996). 29
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