Scientific Papers Series A. Agronomy

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The momentary moisture and bulk density (BD-g/cm 3 ) values allowed the calculation of moisture as a percent of soil volume (Wv%): Wv% = W x BD. Based on the value of Wv%, soil water reserve (m3/ha) on 0-60 cm interval could be estimated later on: W(m 3 /ha) = Wv x H, where H - soil depth (cm) (Udrescu et al., 2002). The results on momentary moisture and active moisture index were periodically recorded and correlated with the changes that occurred on maize plants, as a result of drought. As for the investigated maize crop, the applied technology consisted of: winter wheat as previous crop; ploughing in autumn at 35 cm depth with advanced machinery equipment; seedbed preparation conducted with combiner; sowing in April 2012, between 12-17 th ,with an aggregate consisting of tractor and Amazon precision drill, at 70 cm distance rows and 5-6 cm depth. Seed material was represented by 4490 DKC semi-early maize hybrid, pre-treated with plant protection products (insecticides and fungicides), assessed as high efficient and currently existing on the market. 63,000 seeds/ha was the assured density in the field, a value recommended for the used hybrid in nonirrigation conditions. Fertilization was performed with NPK complex fertilizer 15:15:15 (250 kg/ha). For weed control during vegetation, two herbicides mixture was applied; the maize crop also benefit by application of a zinc and manganese foliar fertilizer. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS First determination on soil momentary moisture was performed after sowing. It was then also when bulk density values were registered: 1.21 g/cm 3 in 0-20 cm interval and 1.23 g/cm 3 for 20-60 depth (Table 3). The calculated values for field water capacity and wilting coefficient are: 23-23.1%, in case of field water capacity (rated as medium-limits between 21-25%) and 10.1-10.7%, in case of wilting coefficient (rated also as medium-limits between 9-12%). As a result of first determination on moisture, it has been noted that maize crop shall benefit of a good start at the beginning of its vegetation; moisture values ranged from 20.1% at 0-20 cm depth to 22.1% at 21-60 cm, reflecting a soil water content assessed as easy and very easily accessible for plants, according to the 109 calculated values of active humidity index: Iua=77.2% on 0-20cm, respectively 92.6% on 20-60cm (Table 3, Figure 1). As a consequence of that, soil water supply favoured an uniform germination and emergence of plants, as it could be observed while monitoring the field; the very good start in vegetation ensured a 63,000 plants/ha density, overall. In the first decade of May, due to the recorded precipitation corresponding to late April that provided a favourable moisture level, the momentary moisture values indicated that humidity was very close to field water capacity level, respectively 23.1% on 0-20cm depth and 23.7% on 21-60 cm (Table 1, Table 2). Active moisture index showed, in case of both measurements from May, that soil water was very easily accessible to plants: 100.5%- 105.6% at the beginning of month and 118.3%- 122.7% at the middle of month (Figure 1). In this way, maize plants started well in their vegetation, covering the emergence - 8 leaves stage under very favourable conditions. At first determination on soil moisture in early June, active moisture index showed that water was still easily accessible to plants, becoming medium accessible in the second half of the month (Figure 1). At the end of June-beginning of July, water availability for plants continued to decline, as the index showed the tendency of soil moisture to approach the wilting coefficient, recorded values being noted as: between 42.4 to 30.7% on 0-20 cm interval, respectively from 43.8 to 30.8% on 21-60cm interval (Figure 1). The drought installation effects began to become observable to plants level, consisting of front leaves twisting (noticeable especially during 12-16 hour interval). Soil moisture decreasing coincided with the beginning of maize critical period for water, respectively 8 leaves – panicle emergence stage (Table 3). In stage 3 of plant vegetation (panicle emergence-maturity), due to lack of rainfall, correlated with the sharp increase of temperatures value (consecutive days with temperatures above 38ºC), it could be registered a drastically decrease of soil moisture. Thus, it was observed that, on both depth considered, soil moisture values
decreased to near wilting coefficient and active moisture index is between 0 and 20%, which indicates a very difficult accessibility of water for plants (Figure 1). The soil water reserve (m 3 /ha), which values were cumulated for the two depth considered (Table 3) reflects the evident variation of water quantity during maize vegetation: 1573 m 3 /ha at the beginning (in accordance with optimal limits) and continuous diminution up to 776 m3/ha, in early September. Table 1. Average amount of precipitation (l/m 2 ) in 2012 registered at Avrameni-Boto? ani meteorological station Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. 19.4 80.8 39.0 32.9 30.2 29.7 2.4 31.1 21.8 Table 2. Field water capacity (FWC/CC) and wilting coefficient (CO), estimated by indirect method (calculation) Depth Clay content CC CO (cm) (%) (%) (%) 0-20 28.8 23 10.13 20-60 30.5 23.1 10.7 Maize vegetation stage Stage 0: sowing, germinationemergence Stage 1: emergence- 8 leaves Stage 2: 8 leaves - panicle emergence Stage 3: panicle emergence –maturity Table 3. Elements concerning soil moisture regime, in correlation with maize vegetation stage Determination date 20.04.2012 2.05.2012 12.05.2012 3.06.2012 15.06.2012 5.07.2012 26.07.2012 14.08.2012 10.09.2012 Wv (%) = Wg x BD; W(m 3 /ha) = Wv x H Soil depth Soil moisture (W%) BD (g/cm 3 ) Soil moisture (Wv%) Soil water reserve/depth (m 3 /ha) 0 - 20 20.1 1.21 24.3 486 20-60 22.1 1.23 27.1 1087 0 - 20 23.1 1.21 27.9 559 20-60 23.7 1.23 29.1 1166 0 - 20 25.4 1.21 30.7 614 20-60 25.8 1.23 31.7 1269 0 - 20 17.8 1.21 21.5 430 20-60 18.3 1.23 22.5 900 0 - 20 15.6 1.21 18.8 377 20-60 16.1 1.23 19.8 792 0 - 20 14.1 1.21 17 340 20-60 14.5 1.23 17.8 713 0 - 20 12.7 1.21 15.3 307 20-60 13.1 1.23 16.1 644 0 - 20 11.2 1.21 13.5 271 20-60 11.7 1.23 14.3 575 0 - 20 10.15 1.21 12.2 245 20-60 10.8 1.23 13.2 531 Soil water reserve (m 3 /ha) (0-60 cm) 1573 1725 1883 1330 1169 1053 951 846 776 In the field, it could be directly observed the emphasized effects of symptoms caused by lack of water: phenomena of irreversible wilting leaves that were associated with an obvious diminution of plant growth rhythm. Soil level drought associated with atmospheric drought caused the shortening of silking period, a low development of male and female inflorescences, which then generated the shortening of the pollination period; as a consequence of that, a large number of low developed cobs resulted. As a whole, the acceleration of the metabolic processes caused by installation of drought led to the evident shortening of the vegetation period (Figure 2). More, dry time that has followed, corresponding to August-September period, has caused poor grain filling, characterized by a high percentage of shrivelled grains. 110
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERS SERIES A. AGRONOM
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University of Agronomic Sciences an
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SUMMARY SOIL SCIENCES Variation of
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A survey study on determination of
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Effects of different nitrogen forms
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Determine the effect of some cultiv
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SOIL SCIENCES
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K + /Na + ratio that ultimately pre
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ZINC POLLUTION OF SOILS LOCATED INT
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as the result of the plant protecti
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OBTAINING OF HUMATE-BASED LIQUID FE
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an 11.6% mass loss and a 145.5 J/g
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mijloc important de fertilizare ech
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collected on 13/09/2012 at the dept
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Table 3. The Influence of mineral f
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CONCLUSIONS The Hybrid rapeseedseed
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Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
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CONCLUSIONS The results have shown
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organic carbon was determined thoug
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THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLING SYSTE
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emerging plant, we recommend using
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at the cellular level of Ni (Bou et
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concentrations in agricultural soil
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Surfaces at the bottom shows higher
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substantial balance that means maxi
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Table 4. Aggregate composition and
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Page 59 and 60: 1. The initial parameters of ordina
Page 61 and 62: Table 8. Modification of the featur
Page 63 and 64: Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
Page 65 and 66: the linear correlation coefficient
Page 67 and 68: CONCLUSIONS For soil polluted with
Page 69 and 70: 50 and 100 mg/kg and appreciated th
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4. Copper content in soil Fi
Page 73 and 74: samples collected in northern of fa
Page 75 and 76: MATERIALS AND METHODS Study areas T
Page 77 and 78: influenced by heavy metals contamin
Page 79 and 80: Pankhurst C.E., 1997. Biodeversity
Page 81 and 82: horizons, color, texture, structure
Page 83 and 84: From a chemical reaction these soil
Page 85 and 86: - Organic matter by Tiurin; - pH (H
Page 89 and 90: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Invertebrat
Page 91 and 92: of moisture in arable layers, incre
Page 95 and 96: experimentation. The increase of mo
Page 97 and 98: THE TRANSITION PERIOD TO THE MARKET
Page 99 and 100: Activity data Activity data comes f
Page 101 and 102: Figure 2. The decrease of cultivate
Page 103 and 104: of nitrous oxide. In: Revised 1996
Page 105 and 106: Laboratory results have been interp
Page 107 and 108: The air-mass interferes with the ov
Page 109: Under these conditions, Moldavian r
Page 113 and 114: CONCLUSIONS Severe drought that aff
Page 115 and 116: (temperature and soil moisture, air
Page 117 and 118: primary cultures analyzed, hybrids
Page 119 and 120: weeding crops during the growing se
Page 121 and 122: improper drainage and irrigation (G
Page 123 and 124: Figure 4. Scores plot of the soil s
Page 125 and 126: Table 1. Cluster analysis of the st
Page 127 and 128: DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILIZATION RA
Page 129 and 130: Figure 2. Situation and location of
Page 131 and 132: Statistical data processing For the
Page 133 and 134: Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer
Page 135 and 136: 30 m. Regarding the formation and d
Page 137 and 138: considerably less. These facts are
Page 139 and 140: Table 2. Hydraulic dimensioning Par
Page 141 and 142: SPATIAL VARIATION OF PHYSICAL CLAY
Page 143 and 144: Figure 2. Situation and location of
Page 145 and 146: esistant to high clay content in th
Page 147 and 148: CONCLUSIONS Described regularities
Page 149 and 150: ecome widespread and in order to ea
Page 151 and 152: Table 3. Results of the analysis of
Page 153 and 154: COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS FOR TAXONOMY
Page 155 and 156: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Soil types
Page 157 and 158: underdeveloped cinnamon forest soil
Page 159 and 160: Figure 8. Content of skeletal fract
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MODEL FOR INVESTIGATION, AMELIORATI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Characteris
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terrain is in the composition of a
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Such characteristics require the ne
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Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
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Australia) with high resolution nit
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some important medicinal plants of
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RFV = [120 / NDF] × [88.9 - (0.779
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average at Viani - Brila County). A
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Figure 1. Dry above-ground biomass
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County) and 30.29% (CERA 270 hybrid
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phenological stages were found to h
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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ainfall were able to have a negativ
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Figure 7. Thermo-hydric stress fact
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In Romania is grown a large assortm
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Mainly vitamin C, E and polyphenols
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soluble compounds with antioxidant
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primarily the water-soluble antioxi
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has a split-split-plot design with
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Kovács B., Gyori Z., Prokisch J.,
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pays off (Mares et al., 2004; Gonz
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Table 3. Tested variants V1 Control
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about the inner value of flora. The
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological ma
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Figure 2. Correlation between prote
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CONCLUSIONS Production and quality
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The following presents several tech
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3. Evolution of total weed number i
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RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF NPK FERT
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Also increase production significan
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In April 2012, the pre-sowing proce
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difference with the hoed control sa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Data about
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Table 7. Proved difference between
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Table 1. Variance analysis experien
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Amongst the three precocity groups,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was car
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to present genetic sources of resis
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REFERENCES Antonova T.S., Araslanov
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Halstedii is necessary to identify
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EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF ASELEC
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to separate the effects of genotype
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INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITION
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In 2012, at NARDI Fundulea, data fr
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parameter from the treated variants
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Table 6. The effectiveness of some
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Table 1. Probability of the meteoro
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At 50% DI in EOF, only a small part
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This was probably due to the specif
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under deficit irrigation. This prov
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Intervals w
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productions from one year to anothe
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epresented by soil ecologization an
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new created ones as a basic conditi
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The highest number of kernels per e
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Table 8. Average weight of thousand
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CONCLUSIONS The drought from the ye
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IWM as appropriate, necessary studi
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100% in the first 6 weeks of growth
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locules boll -1 (0.02), seeds locul
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Bhutto H., Baloch M.J., Yousaf M.,
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Table 4. GCA effects for morpho-yie
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MATERIALS AND METHODS This study wa
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vegetation of each of the swaths, i
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Sudangrass hybrids depending on the
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The parameters of biomass and dry m
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transplanting and ½ applied at fir
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Fertilization Forms Table 2. The me
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growing agricultural farms; evoluti
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In this area, priority must be to p
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soybean seeds are found farms that
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are a better material for haploid i
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Figure 6. Embryo and endosperm mark
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RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE
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Table 1. The influence of seeding d
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Exagone hybrid. Thus, when sown at
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Table 9. The influence of sowing di
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MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to k
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Table 3. Genotype influence on whea
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Romanian varieties from the experim
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Table 2. Efficacy of some fungicide
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ROMANIAN WHEAT - STRATEGIC PRODUCT
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exceeded 2,000 thou ha, and maximum
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Values over 26% wet gluten were det
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effective and can build a significa
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grassland. This method is commonly
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RESULTS REGARDING DROUGHT RESISTANC
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average for this period is 170.6 mm
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Hybrid FAO grupe Table 2. The main
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length has lowest values at the unt
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SECOND GENERATIO
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developed in Dobrudzha Agricultural
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Table 5. Cytological characteristic
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We can see in the table that all li
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Mean compar
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Table 4. Statistical interpretation
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL A
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Improved sunflower hybrids for use
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differences in production to contro
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International Center for Agricultur
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Table 3. Evaluation of Genotypes fo
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Table 1. Characteristics of city sl
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Table 4. Amount of the rainfall dur
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ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
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maize had a density of 5 plants/m 2
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CONCLUSIONS In terms of productivit
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amino acids, such as 4-hydroxyisole
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Table 5. Determining chlorophyll pi
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PROPOSALS ON TECHNOLOGY OF MOVING A
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These are the main technical charac
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FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHA
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Climate change effects and Dobrogea
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Figure 10. Pure culture of benefici
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MANAGEMENT OF BENEFICIAL MICROORGAN
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microorganisms DSMZ Braunschweig -
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Protocol of research and reporting
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“HERBAL MEDNET” AN INNOVATIVE A
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Figure 2. Value of global herbal ma
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Figure 3. The Allelopathy effect on
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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWA
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Research was also aimed at observin
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Leaf production of dry matter per h
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cooking oil and jatropha oil (Vonsh
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machines, many different fat extrac
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Table 4. The nutrient content Conte
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Figure 21. Dunaliella salina sp. ch
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for the decline is the growing numb
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Tractor power seemed the obvious wa
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Figure 4 shows that in 17 post war
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their employability, help raise the
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. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agro
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through the sprinkler irrigation. A
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Figure 5. Overlapping sprinklers wi
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGROMETEOROLOGIC
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Bulgaria to the use of agroclimatic
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Figure 9. Duration of the period so
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Figure 18. Evapotranspiration of wi
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS After scari
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The influence of the texture on the
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Figure 6. Area of land planted with
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APPLIED BIOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL SCI
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Researches we
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RESEARCHES REGARDING EVOLUTION OF S
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gradually reduce towards the end of
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According to that, the aspect of th
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etween classes of variation with ma
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Table 2. Average heights of Lycium
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V 1 V 2 Table 6. Average shoot leng
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Table 13. Average dry substance of
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centrifuge (7000 rev/min. during 20
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7, Streptomyces sp. 9, and Streptom
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laboratory of Biology, USAMV Buchar
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SOME NEW SPECIMENS FOR ZOOLOGICAL T
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New reptiles for our teaching colle
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Figure 1. Scatter plot of odontosty
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Table 4. Measurements of Xiphinema
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Malus pumila and P. avium are new h
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- the mean, minimum and maximum mon
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The monthly mean of the flow highli
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longer in balance with the existing
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ecording the encountered plant spec
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Mediterranean (3), Balkan (1), Cent
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Table 3. Segetal species of the Top
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of sugar/flower and the honey poten
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Territorial concentration of mellif
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CONCLUSIONS In Giurgiu County there
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farm (Awake, 1998). Rahman et al. 2
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Table 3 shows that there was a high
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS x, k, r, R
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Figure 3. Us-Pressure Relations of
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Scientific Papers Series A. Agronomy

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