Scientific Papers Series A. Agronomy

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The parameters of biomass and dry matter accumulation are manifested with different levels depending on the genotype, as with the Sorgum x Sudangrass hybrids the high productivity is combined with intensive accumulation of dry matter. REFERENCES Antoche I., 2007. Realizri în ameliorarea Sorghi la Fundulea. In UNCDA Fundulea LXXV, p. 137-157. Beurlein J., Fribourg H., Beel F., 1968. Effect of Environment and Cutting of the Regrowth of sorghum-sudangrass Hybrid. Crop Sci., 8, p. 152- 158. Gumaniuc L., Varg P., 1988. Soiul de iarb de Sudan “Sirius” - Sorghum sudanense Piper. (Stapf.). In.I.C.C.P.T. Fundulea, vol.LVI, p. 121-126. Kertikov T., 2007. Study of Productivity capacities for production of Forage, Crude protein and Chemical Composition in Sorghum Hybrids. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci, Vol. 13 (3), p. 281-289. ikindonov Tz., Slanev K., ikindonov G., 2008. Green mass productivity of Sorghum origins, J. of Mounain Agriculture On The Balkans, Vol. 11, 3, p. 503-511. Moga I., Schitea M., Mateia M.C., 1996. Plante furjere. Editura Ceres, Bucureti. Paknejad M.P., Tokaloo A., Sladet R., 2001. Effect of plant density on physiological indices and forage yield of Sorghum hybrids and a Sudangrass cultivar. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, Vol. 3, No1. Smith I., Frederiksen R., 2000. Sorghum: origin, history, technology and production. Jol Wiley Inc, Texas University, p. 800-803. Snyman L. D., Youbert H. W., 1996. Effect of maturity stage and method of preservation on the yield and quality of forage sorghum. Anim. Feed Sci. Techn. 57, p. 63-73. White J. B., Kirch K. and Boisen K., 1989. Selecting Forage sorghum Cultivars for Silage, Kanzas state University, Manhattan, Rep. Prog., p.568-700. Uzun F., Ugur S., Sulak M., 2009. Yield, Nutritional and Chemical Properties of Some Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrids, Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8 (8), p. 1602-1608. 303
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN FORMS ON SOME AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Echinacea purpurea IN SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS OF TURKEY Suleyman KIZIL, Ozlem TONCER University of Dicle, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey Abstract Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LVI, 2013 ISSN 2285-5785; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5793; ISSN Online 2285-5807; ISSN-L 2285-5785 Corresponding author email: kizils@dicle.edu.tr, toncer@dicle.edu.tr Echinacea, commonly known as coneflower, is a member of the Asteraceae family. The plant is one of the most commonly medicinal plant, is herbaceous perennials with large daisy-like flowers. The roots and aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea is used commercially as herbal plant for enhancing the immune system and treating common cold. This research was conducted to determine the effects of different nitrogen forms on some agronomical characteristics on purple coneflower. In terms of agronomical parameters, plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, number of head, fresh root weight, fresh flower weight, whole plant fresh weight, dry root weight, dry flower weight, whole plant dry weight per plant were examined. According to the results, the nitrogen forms had no statistically significant effects on yield parameters except fresh & dry root weight. Dry root, dry flower weight and dry whole plant weight were determined as 24.6-31.3 g/plant, 9.3-15.4 g/plant and 76.2-106.6 g/plant, respectively. Key words: Echinacea, coneflower, nitrogen forms, agronomical characters. INTRODUCTION Echinacea are herbaceous perennials belonging to the Asteraceae family natural lands of North America, with wild populations spreading from the Eastern and Central United States to Southern Canada. They are widely used for wild flower as ornamental plants in gardens (Chen et. al., 2008). Echinacea also called “pembe koni cicegi” in Turkish (Kucukali, 2012). Three species of Echinacea are used medicinally: E. purpurea (L.) Moench, E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt., and E. angustifolia DC because of their antiviral, antibacterial and immunostimulatory benefit to human health (Chen, 2008). All three species show pharmacological activity, which appears to result from the combined effects of caffeoylphenols, alkamides, and polysaccharides. However, E. purpurea is the most cultivated and widely used of the three species, due to ease of cultivation and total use of the whole plant (Chen, 2009). The most widespread use of Echinaceae drugs is aerial parts of E. purpurea and E. pallida's roots (Mat, 2002). Medicinal and aromatic plants are strongly affected by environmental factors. These 304 factors influence the fresh and dry weight, as well as active substances of herbs. In this respect, the use of chemical fertilizers and their different forms can increase the yield of active substances and main components of medicinal plants. For example, there is evidence that there is an increase in biomass with N fertilization but not fertilization phosphorus and potassium (Shalaby et al., 1997). Meanwhile, utilization of chemical fertilizers and nutrients increase the yield and yield components in a positive way. Nitrogen is an important nutrient for MATERIALS AND METHODS E. purpurea was cultivated at the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Dicle, Turkey located at 20 o 45'S, 42 o 51'W and at 670 m above the sea. Seeds of E. purpurea were sown in a seedbed nursery, from where at 10-15 cm plant height, they were transplanted to field (April 2009). Field trial was conducted under different fertilization forms of 10 kg/da named control, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and diammonium phosphate, according to randomised block design with three replications. Each plot was arranged as 4 rows each of 45x20 cm. Fertilizer was applied as two times; ½ applied during
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERS SERIES A. AGRONOM
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University of Agronomic Sciences an
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SUMMARY SOIL SCIENCES Variation of
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A survey study on determination of
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Effects of different nitrogen forms
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Determine the effect of some cultiv
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SOIL SCIENCES
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K + /Na + ratio that ultimately pre
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ZINC POLLUTION OF SOILS LOCATED INT
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as the result of the plant protecti
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OBTAINING OF HUMATE-BASED LIQUID FE
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an 11.6% mass loss and a 145.5 J/g
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mijloc important de fertilizare ech
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collected on 13/09/2012 at the dept
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Table 3. The Influence of mineral f
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CONCLUSIONS The Hybrid rapeseedseed
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Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
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CONCLUSIONS The results have shown
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organic carbon was determined thoug
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THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLING SYSTE
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emerging plant, we recommend using
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at the cellular level of Ni (Bou et
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concentrations in agricultural soil
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Surfaces at the bottom shows higher
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substantial balance that means maxi
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Table 4. Aggregate composition and
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1. The initial parameters of ordina
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Table 8. Modification of the featur
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Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
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the linear correlation coefficient
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CONCLUSIONS For soil polluted with
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50 and 100 mg/kg and appreciated th
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Figure 4. Copper content in soil Fi
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samples collected in northern of fa
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Study areas T
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influenced by heavy metals contamin
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Pankhurst C.E., 1997. Biodeversity
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horizons, color, texture, structure
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From a chemical reaction these soil
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- Organic matter by Tiurin; - pH (H
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Invertebrat
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of moisture in arable layers, incre
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experimentation. The increase of mo
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THE TRANSITION PERIOD TO THE MARKET
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Activity data Activity data comes f
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Figure 2. The decrease of cultivate
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of nitrous oxide. In: Revised 1996
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Laboratory results have been interp
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The air-mass interferes with the ov
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Under these conditions, Moldavian r
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decreased to near wilting coefficie
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CONCLUSIONS Severe drought that aff
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(temperature and soil moisture, air
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primary cultures analyzed, hybrids
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weeding crops during the growing se
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improper drainage and irrigation (G
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Figure 4. Scores plot of the soil s
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Table 1. Cluster analysis of the st
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DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILIZATION RA
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Figure 2. Situation and location of
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Statistical data processing For the
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Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer
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30 m. Regarding the formation and d
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considerably less. These facts are
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Table 2. Hydraulic dimensioning Par
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SPATIAL VARIATION OF PHYSICAL CLAY
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Figure 2. Situation and location of
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esistant to high clay content in th
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CONCLUSIONS Described regularities
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ecome widespread and in order to ea
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Table 3. Results of the analysis of
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COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS FOR TAXONOMY
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Soil types
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underdeveloped cinnamon forest soil
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Figure 8. Content of skeletal fract
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MODEL FOR INVESTIGATION, AMELIORATI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Characteris
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terrain is in the composition of a
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Such characteristics require the ne
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Australia) with high resolution nit
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some important medicinal plants of
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RFV = [120 / NDF] × [88.9 - (0.779
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average at Viani - Brila County). A
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Figure 1. Dry above-ground biomass
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County) and 30.29% (CERA 270 hybrid
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phenological stages were found to h
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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ainfall were able to have a negativ
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Figure 7. Thermo-hydric stress fact
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In Romania is grown a large assortm
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Mainly vitamin C, E and polyphenols
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soluble compounds with antioxidant
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primarily the water-soluble antioxi
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has a split-split-plot design with
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Kovács B., Gyori Z., Prokisch J.,
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pays off (Mares et al., 2004; Gonz
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Table 3. Tested variants V1 Control
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about the inner value of flora. The
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological ma
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Figure 2. Correlation between prote
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CONCLUSIONS Production and quality
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The following presents several tech
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3. Evolution of total weed number i
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RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF NPK FERT
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Also increase production significan
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In April 2012, the pre-sowing proce
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difference with the hoed control sa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Data about
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Table 7. Proved difference between
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Table 1. Variance analysis experien
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Amongst the three precocity groups,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was car
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to present genetic sources of resis
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REFERENCES Antonova T.S., Araslanov
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Halstedii is necessary to identify
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EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF ASELEC
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to separate the effects of genotype
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Page 260 and 261: Table 6. The effectiveness of some
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Page 264 and 265: Table 1. Probability of the meteoro
Page 266 and 267: At 50% DI in EOF, only a small part
Page 268 and 269: This was probably due to the specif
Page 270 and 271: under deficit irrigation. This prov
Page 272 and 273: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Intervals w
Page 274 and 275: productions from one year to anothe
Page 276 and 277: epresented by soil ecologization an
Page 278 and 279: new created ones as a basic conditi
Page 280 and 281: The highest number of kernels per e
Page 282 and 283: Table 8. Average weight of thousand
Page 284 and 285: CONCLUSIONS The drought from the ye
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Page 288 and 289: 100% in the first 6 weeks of growth
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Page 292 and 293: locules boll -1 (0.02), seeds locul
Page 294 and 295: Bhutto H., Baloch M.J., Yousaf M.,
Page 296 and 297: Table 4. GCA effects for morpho-yie
Page 298 and 299: MATERIALS AND METHODS This study wa
Page 300 and 301: vegetation of each of the swaths, i
Page 302 and 303: Sudangrass hybrids depending on the
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Page 308 and 309: Fertilization Forms Table 2. The me
Page 310 and 311: growing agricultural farms; evoluti
Page 312 and 313: In this area, priority must be to p
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Page 318 and 319: Figure 6. Embryo and endosperm mark
Page 320 and 321: RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE
Page 322 and 323: Table 1. The influence of seeding d
Page 324 and 325: Exagone hybrid. Thus, when sown at
Page 326 and 327: Table 9. The influence of sowing di
Page 328 and 329: MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to k
Page 330 and 331: Table 3. Genotype influence on whea
Page 332 and 333: Romanian varieties from the experim
Page 334 and 335: Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
Page 336 and 337: Table 2. Efficacy of some fungicide
Page 338 and 339: ROMANIAN WHEAT - STRATEGIC PRODUCT
Page 340 and 341: exceeded 2,000 thou ha, and maximum
Page 342 and 343: Values over 26% wet gluten were det
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Page 346 and 347: grassland. This method is commonly
Page 348 and 349: RESULTS REGARDING DROUGHT RESISTANC
Page 350 and 351: average for this period is 170.6 mm
Page 352 and 353: Hybrid FAO grupe Table 2. The main
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length has lowest values at the unt
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SECOND GENERATIO
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developed in Dobrudzha Agricultural
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Table 5. Cytological characteristic
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We can see in the table that all li
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Mean compar
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Table 4. Statistical interpretation
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL A
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Improved sunflower hybrids for use
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differences in production to contro
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International Center for Agricultur
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Table 3. Evaluation of Genotypes fo
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Table 1. Characteristics of city sl
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Table 4. Amount of the rainfall dur
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ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
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maize had a density of 5 plants/m 2
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CONCLUSIONS In terms of productivit
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amino acids, such as 4-hydroxyisole
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Table 5. Determining chlorophyll pi
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PROPOSALS ON TECHNOLOGY OF MOVING A
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These are the main technical charac
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FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHA
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Climate change effects and Dobrogea
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Figure 10. Pure culture of benefici
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MANAGEMENT OF BENEFICIAL MICROORGAN
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microorganisms DSMZ Braunschweig -
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Protocol of research and reporting
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“HERBAL MEDNET” AN INNOVATIVE A
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Figure 2. Value of global herbal ma
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Figure 3. The Allelopathy effect on
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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWA
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Research was also aimed at observin
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Leaf production of dry matter per h
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cooking oil and jatropha oil (Vonsh
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machines, many different fat extrac
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Table 4. The nutrient content Conte
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Figure 21. Dunaliella salina sp. ch
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for the decline is the growing numb
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Tractor power seemed the obvious wa
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Figure 4 shows that in 17 post war
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their employability, help raise the
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. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agro
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through the sprinkler irrigation. A
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Figure 5. Overlapping sprinklers wi
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGROMETEOROLOGIC
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Bulgaria to the use of agroclimatic
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Figure 9. Duration of the period so
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Figure 18. Evapotranspiration of wi
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS After scari
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The influence of the texture on the
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Figure 6. Area of land planted with
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APPLIED BIOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL SCI
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Researches we
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RESEARCHES REGARDING EVOLUTION OF S
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gradually reduce towards the end of
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According to that, the aspect of th
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etween classes of variation with ma
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Table 2. Average heights of Lycium
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V 1 V 2 Table 6. Average shoot leng
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Table 13. Average dry substance of
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centrifuge (7000 rev/min. during 20
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7, Streptomyces sp. 9, and Streptom
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laboratory of Biology, USAMV Buchar
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SOME NEW SPECIMENS FOR ZOOLOGICAL T
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New reptiles for our teaching colle
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Figure 1. Scatter plot of odontosty
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Table 4. Measurements of Xiphinema
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Malus pumila and P. avium are new h
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- the mean, minimum and maximum mon
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The monthly mean of the flow highli
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longer in balance with the existing
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ecording the encountered plant spec
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Mediterranean (3), Balkan (1), Cent
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Table 3. Segetal species of the Top
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of sugar/flower and the honey poten
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Territorial concentration of mellif
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CONCLUSIONS In Giurgiu County there
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farm (Awake, 1998). Rahman et al. 2
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Table 3 shows that there was a high
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS x, k, r, R
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Figure 3. Us-Pressure Relations of
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