Scientific Papers Series A. Agronomy

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Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LVI, 2013 ISSN 2285-5785; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5793; ISSN Online 2285-5807; ISSN-L 2285-5785 NEW DATA ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF TWO SPECIES OF THE XIPHINEMA AMERICANUM GROUP (NEMATODA: DORYLAIMIDA) FROM ROMANIA Mariana BONT (GROZA) 1 , Stela LAZAROVA 2 , Ioan ROCA 1 , Vlada PENEVA 2 1 University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mrti Blvd., District 1, 011464, Bucharest, Romania 2 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Yurii Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria Corresponding author email: mariana_bonta@yahoo.com Abstract Several populations of Xiphinema pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938) Kirjanova, 1951 and Xiphinema simile Lamberti, Choleva et Agostinelli, 1983, originating from various localities have been studied during 2011-2012. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 20-40 cm in the rhizosphere of grapevine, cherry and apple trees. The identification of the nematodes was based on morphological and morphometrical characters. Descriptions, including morphometric data and illustrations of adults (females and males) and juveniles from different localities and plant associations are provided. Data of X. pachtaicum and X. simile males are provided for the first time for Romania. Both species occurred together in two locations. Malus pumila Mill and Prunus avium L. are new plant association for these nematodes species for Romania. Key words: Longidoridae, Xiphinema pachtaicum, X. simile, morphology. INTRODUCTION Nematodes of genus Xiphinema (family Longidoridae) are ecomically important plant pest, causing direct and indirect damage to a wide number of crops. The number of species in the genus is some 240 (Decraemer, 2007). In Romania, four species of Xiphinema americanum group have been recorded: Xiphinemaparasimile Barsi et Lamberti, 2004 in association with grapevine and apricot (Groza et al., 2012); Xiphinema taylori Lamberti et al., 1992; Xiphinema pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938) Kirjanova, 1951 and Xiphinema simile Lamberti, Choleva et Agostinelli, 1983 in association with grapevine, fruit trees, alfalfa, and peach (Peneva et al., 2006 and Groza et. al., 2012). This work presents a detailed analysis of the morphometrical data of Xiphinemapachtaicum and X. simile originating from Romania. MATERIALS AND METHODS Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of grapevine, cherry and apple trees at a depth of 20-40 cm, from different regions of country: Bîrlad, Hui (Vaslui county), Nazarcea, Ostrov (Constana county), Urlai (Prahova county), Obrejia (Vrancea county). Nematodes were extracted from 200 cm 3 soil by a sieving and decanting technique. Nematodes were heat killed at 60 o C for two minutes and fixed in a 4% formaldehyde solution. The specimens were processed and mounted on permanent microscopic glass slides (Seinhorst, 1959). The morphological and morphometrical observations were made using Leica DMLB microscope fitted with Leica FDC 295 camera. 513
Table 1. Measurements of Xiphinema pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938) Kirjanova, 1951 (all in micrometers except for body length) Locality Urlati Nazarcea Ostrov Host plant Vitis vinifera Vitis vinifera Cerasus avium Character Females Male Females Male Females n 10 1 7 1 11 2.0±0.88 1.97±0.18 1.89±0.94 L 2.1 1.88 1.8-2.1 1.77-2.26 1.77-2.11 66.4±3.4 64.0±5.4 63.9±2.5 a 70.5 72.6 62.3-73 56.2-70.9 59.6-68.4 6.3±0.6 6.2±0.4 6.1±0.7 b 6.4 6.1 5.6-7.3 5.7-6.8 4.6-7.1 64.0±5.2 62.5±3.6 63.3±4.0 c 70.5 70.1 56.5-74.1 55.6-67.4 57-71.5 1.8±0.1 1.8±0.1 1.8±0.1 c’ 1.5 1.4 1.7-2.1 1.6-1.9 1.7-1.9 57.5±0.7 57.0±2.8 57.7±0.6 V% - - 56.5-58.6 52.7-59.4 56.4-58.5 90.0±1.8 82.6±3.7 87.9±2.5 Odontostyle 90 86 88-92 79-88 83-91 50±1.3 49.7±3.0 50.1±1.8 Odontophore 50 47 48-52 44-53 48-54 80.5±3.5 75.0±3.8 78.6±2.9 Oral aperture to guide ring 80 79 71-83 70-80 75-83 318.3±20.7 288.0±15.3 311.5±29.6 Pharynx 326 305 285-339 275-320 269-385 31.4±2.1 28.4±2.3 29.9±1.4 Tail 30 27 29-35 25-32 27-31 8.2±0.6 7.8±0.9 9.2±1.1 Length of hyaline part 8.1 9 7-9 6-9 8-11 Body diameter at: 9.2±0.3 9.0±0.4 9.0±0.3 10 9 - lip region 9-10 9-10 8.5-10 22.5±0.4 21.7±0.9 22.5±1 - guiding ring 22 21 22-23 20-23 21-24 26.6±1.1 26.4±2.6 26.4±1.5 - base of pharynx 26.5 25 25-28 23-30 23-30 30.2±1.7 30.8±1.6 29.7±2 - mid-body 30 26 27-34 29-33 28-35 17.3±0.9 16.7±0.4 - anus 17.1±0.7 19,6 18 16-19 16-18 6.7±0.5 7.8±0.8 7.9±0.7 - hyaline part 6.5 7 6-7,5 7-9 7-9 Spicules 40 42 n=number of specimens; a=body length/greatest body diameter; b=body length/distance from anterior to end of esophageal bulb; c=body length; c´=tail length/anal body diameter; V %distance of vulva from anterior end RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Xiphinema pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938) Kirjanova, 1951 (Tables 1-3; Figures 1A, 2, 3,5) Female. Habitus in the shape of a single spiral or C when relaxed. Labial region 3-4 μm high, offset from the rest of the body, expanded, frontally flattened, laterally rounded. Genital system with two almost equally developed branches, uteri short. Rectum 23μm long for Ostrov population, 17-21 μm for Urlai, 21- 24,5 μm for Bîrlad population. Male. Body posture as in female, tail end coiled stronger ventrally. Head region as in female, lip region 4 μm high. Ventromedian supplements 1+5 (Urlai specimen) and 1+6 Nazarcea specimen). Spicules slightly curved ventrally. Tail dorsally convex, with elongated mucro. (Figure 5). 514
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERS SERIES A. AGRONOM
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University of Agronomic Sciences an
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SUMMARY SOIL SCIENCES Variation of
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A survey study on determination of
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Effects of different nitrogen forms
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Determine the effect of some cultiv
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SOIL SCIENCES
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K + /Na + ratio that ultimately pre
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ZINC POLLUTION OF SOILS LOCATED INT
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as the result of the plant protecti
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OBTAINING OF HUMATE-BASED LIQUID FE
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an 11.6% mass loss and a 145.5 J/g
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mijloc important de fertilizare ech
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collected on 13/09/2012 at the dept
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Table 3. The Influence of mineral f
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CONCLUSIONS The Hybrid rapeseedseed
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Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
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CONCLUSIONS The results have shown
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organic carbon was determined thoug
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THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLING SYSTE
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emerging plant, we recommend using
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at the cellular level of Ni (Bou et
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concentrations in agricultural soil
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Surfaces at the bottom shows higher
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substantial balance that means maxi
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Table 4. Aggregate composition and
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1. The initial parameters of ordina
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Table 8. Modification of the featur
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Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
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the linear correlation coefficient
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CONCLUSIONS For soil polluted with
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50 and 100 mg/kg and appreciated th
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Figure 4. Copper content in soil Fi
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samples collected in northern of fa
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Study areas T
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influenced by heavy metals contamin
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Pankhurst C.E., 1997. Biodeversity
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horizons, color, texture, structure
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From a chemical reaction these soil
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- Organic matter by Tiurin; - pH (H
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Invertebrat
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of moisture in arable layers, incre
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experimentation. The increase of mo
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THE TRANSITION PERIOD TO THE MARKET
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Activity data Activity data comes f
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Figure 2. The decrease of cultivate
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of nitrous oxide. In: Revised 1996
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Laboratory results have been interp
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The air-mass interferes with the ov
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Under these conditions, Moldavian r
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decreased to near wilting coefficie
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CONCLUSIONS Severe drought that aff
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(temperature and soil moisture, air
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primary cultures analyzed, hybrids
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weeding crops during the growing se
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improper drainage and irrigation (G
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Figure 4. Scores plot of the soil s
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Table 1. Cluster analysis of the st
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DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILIZATION RA
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Figure 2. Situation and location of
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Statistical data processing For the
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Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer
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30 m. Regarding the formation and d
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considerably less. These facts are
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Table 2. Hydraulic dimensioning Par
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SPATIAL VARIATION OF PHYSICAL CLAY
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Figure 2. Situation and location of
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esistant to high clay content in th
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CONCLUSIONS Described regularities
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ecome widespread and in order to ea
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Table 3. Results of the analysis of
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COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS FOR TAXONOMY
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Soil types
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underdeveloped cinnamon forest soil
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Figure 8. Content of skeletal fract
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MODEL FOR INVESTIGATION, AMELIORATI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Characteris
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terrain is in the composition of a
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Such characteristics require the ne
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Australia) with high resolution nit
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some important medicinal plants of
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RFV = [120 / NDF] × [88.9 - (0.779
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average at Viani - Brila County). A
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Figure 1. Dry above-ground biomass
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County) and 30.29% (CERA 270 hybrid
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phenological stages were found to h
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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ainfall were able to have a negativ
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Figure 7. Thermo-hydric stress fact
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In Romania is grown a large assortm
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Mainly vitamin C, E and polyphenols
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soluble compounds with antioxidant
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primarily the water-soluble antioxi
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has a split-split-plot design with
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Kovács B., Gyori Z., Prokisch J.,
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pays off (Mares et al., 2004; Gonz
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Table 3. Tested variants V1 Control
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about the inner value of flora. The
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological ma
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Figure 2. Correlation between prote
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CONCLUSIONS Production and quality
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The following presents several tech
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3. Evolution of total weed number i
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RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF NPK FERT
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Also increase production significan
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In April 2012, the pre-sowing proce
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difference with the hoed control sa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Data about
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Table 7. Proved difference between
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Table 1. Variance analysis experien
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Amongst the three precocity groups,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was car
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to present genetic sources of resis
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REFERENCES Antonova T.S., Araslanov
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Halstedii is necessary to identify
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EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF ASELEC
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to separate the effects of genotype
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INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITION
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In 2012, at NARDI Fundulea, data fr
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parameter from the treated variants
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Table 6. The effectiveness of some
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Table 1. Probability of the meteoro
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At 50% DI in EOF, only a small part
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This was probably due to the specif
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under deficit irrigation. This prov
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Intervals w
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productions from one year to anothe
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epresented by soil ecologization an
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new created ones as a basic conditi
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The highest number of kernels per e
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Table 8. Average weight of thousand
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CONCLUSIONS The drought from the ye
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IWM as appropriate, necessary studi
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100% in the first 6 weeks of growth
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locules boll -1 (0.02), seeds locul
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Bhutto H., Baloch M.J., Yousaf M.,
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Table 4. GCA effects for morpho-yie
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MATERIALS AND METHODS This study wa
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vegetation of each of the swaths, i
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Sudangrass hybrids depending on the
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The parameters of biomass and dry m
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transplanting and ½ applied at fir
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Fertilization Forms Table 2. The me
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growing agricultural farms; evoluti
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In this area, priority must be to p
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soybean seeds are found farms that
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are a better material for haploid i
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Figure 6. Embryo and endosperm mark
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RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE
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Table 1. The influence of seeding d
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Exagone hybrid. Thus, when sown at
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Table 9. The influence of sowing di
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MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to k
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Table 3. Genotype influence on whea
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Romanian varieties from the experim
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Table 2. Efficacy of some fungicide
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ROMANIAN WHEAT - STRATEGIC PRODUCT
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exceeded 2,000 thou ha, and maximum
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Values over 26% wet gluten were det
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effective and can build a significa
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grassland. This method is commonly
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RESULTS REGARDING DROUGHT RESISTANC
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average for this period is 170.6 mm
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Hybrid FAO grupe Table 2. The main
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length has lowest values at the unt
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SECOND GENERATIO
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developed in Dobrudzha Agricultural
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Table 5. Cytological characteristic
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We can see in the table that all li
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Mean compar
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Table 4. Statistical interpretation
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL A
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Improved sunflower hybrids for use
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differences in production to contro
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International Center for Agricultur
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Table 3. Evaluation of Genotypes fo
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Table 1. Characteristics of city sl
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Table 4. Amount of the rainfall dur
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ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
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maize had a density of 5 plants/m 2
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CONCLUSIONS In terms of productivit
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amino acids, such as 4-hydroxyisole
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Table 5. Determining chlorophyll pi
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PROPOSALS ON TECHNOLOGY OF MOVING A
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These are the main technical charac
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FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHA
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Climate change effects and Dobrogea
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Figure 10. Pure culture of benefici
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MANAGEMENT OF BENEFICIAL MICROORGAN
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microorganisms DSMZ Braunschweig -
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Protocol of research and reporting
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“HERBAL MEDNET” AN INNOVATIVE A
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Figure 2. Value of global herbal ma
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Figure 3. The Allelopathy effect on
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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWA
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Research was also aimed at observin
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Leaf production of dry matter per h
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cooking oil and jatropha oil (Vonsh
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machines, many different fat extrac
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Table 4. The nutrient content Conte
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Figure 21. Dunaliella salina sp. ch
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for the decline is the growing numb
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Tractor power seemed the obvious wa
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Figure 4 shows that in 17 post war
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their employability, help raise the
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. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agro
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through the sprinkler irrigation. A
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Figure 5. Overlapping sprinklers wi
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGROMETEOROLOGIC
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Page 464 and 465: Figure 9. Duration of the period so
Page 466 and 467: Figure 18. Evapotranspiration of wi
Page 468 and 469: Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
Page 470 and 471: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS After scari
Page 472 and 473: The influence of the texture on the
Page 474 and 475: Figure 6. Area of land planted with
Page 476: APPLIED BIOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL SCI
Page 479 and 480: MATERIALS AND METHODS Researches we
Page 481 and 482: RESEARCHES REGARDING EVOLUTION OF S
Page 483 and 484: gradually reduce towards the end of
Page 487 and 488: According to that, the aspect of th
Page 489 and 490: etween classes of variation with ma
Page 491 and 492: Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
Page 493 and 494: Table 2. Average heights of Lycium
Page 495 and 496: V 1 V 2 Table 6. Average shoot leng
Page 497 and 498: Table 13. Average dry substance of
Page 503 and 504: centrifuge (7000 rev/min. during 20
Page 505 and 506: 7, Streptomyces sp. 9, and Streptom
Page 507 and 508: laboratory of Biology, USAMV Buchar
Page 509 and 510: SOME NEW SPECIMENS FOR ZOOLOGICAL T
Page 511 and 512: New reptiles for our teaching colle
Page 516 and 517: Figure 1. Scatter plot of odontosty
Page 518 and 519: Table 4. Measurements of Xiphinema
Page 520 and 521: Malus pumila and P. avium are new h
Page 522 and 523: - the mean, minimum and maximum mon
Page 524 and 525: The monthly mean of the flow highli
Page 526 and 527: longer in balance with the existing
Page 528 and 529: ecording the encountered plant spec
Page 530 and 531: Mediterranean (3), Balkan (1), Cent
Page 532 and 533: Table 3. Segetal species of the Top
Page 536 and 537: of sugar/flower and the honey poten
Page 538 and 539: Territorial concentration of mellif
Page 540 and 541: CONCLUSIONS In Giurgiu County there
Page 542 and 543: farm (Awake, 1998). Rahman et al. 2
Page 544 and 545: Table 3 shows that there was a high
Page 548 and 549: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS x, k, r, R
Page 550 and 551: Figure 3. Us-Pressure Relations of
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