Scientific Papers Series A. Agronomy

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epresented by soil ecologization and farmers must be trained to do so. In Burnas Plain dry years have affected crops more than the rainy years done it, in 2007 (dry year) yields being with 50-70% lower than in 2010 (wet year). Finding some plant varieties resistant to water stress is possible only partially, while the need of water can’t be totally eliminated. It is necessary to be implemented an irrigation system across all the southern part of Romania if we want competitive production at European level. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper was financed by the European Social Found through the POSDRU/107/1.5/S/76888 project. REFERENCES Berbecel O. si colab., 1981. Vremea si recolta. Ed. Ceres, Bucuresti. Blum A., 2005. Drought resistance, water-use efficiency and yield potential – are they yompatible, dissonant or mutually exclusive? Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, Nr. 56. Meluca C., Cernat S., Nistor C., 2011. Behavior of winter wheat varieties under water and heat stress conditions of Burnas Plain. Analele INCDA Fundulea nr. 2 – Genetica si ameliorarea plantelor. Puiu S., 2006. Cercetari privind variabilitatea rezervelor de umiditate din sol la culturile de grâu si porumb în sudul Câmpiei Române (C. Olteniei, C. Teleormanului, C. Baraganului), Bucuresti, Teza de doctorat. ***, Wikipedia, Enciclopedia în limba româna, Seceta, http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seceta. ***, Institutul National de Statistica, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, România în Cifre, Breviar Statistic ***, Baza de date Tempo-online, Serii de timp, Agricultura. ***, 14.08.2012 – Primele recolte de cereale raportate din judete, http://www.revista-ferma.ro/articoleagronomie/primele-recolte-de-cereale-raportate-dinjudete.html. ***, 27.08.2012. Teleorman: Productia de porumb si floarea-soarelui, sub 2000 kg/ha, http://agroinfo.ro/vegetal/porumb/teleorman- productia-de-porumb-si-floarea-soarelui-sub-2-000- kg-ha. 275
Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LVI, 2013 ISSN 2285-5785; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5793; ISSN Online 2285-5807; ISSN-L 2285-5785 YIELD COMPONENTS OF DIFFERENT HYBRIDS OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) CULTIVATED IN SOUTH ROMANIA UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS Viorel ION 1 , Georgeta DICU 2 , Daniel STATE 2 , Gina FÎNTÎNERU 1 , Lenua Iuliana EPURE 1 , Adrian Gheorghe BA 1 , Maria TOADER 1 1 University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mrti Blvd, District 1, 011464, Bucharest, Romania 2 SC Procera Agrochemicals Romania SRL, 47 Muncii Street, 915200, Fundulea, Clrai, Romania Abstract Corresponding author email: viorelion@agro-bucuresti.ro Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important crop in Romania as harvested area. The grain yield is determined by the yield components, these been the elements which participate to the yield formation. These components have to be known by farmers, as well as the farmers have to understand the plant responses to drought. Thus, the farmers will have the possibility for a correct choice of hybrids and to take appropriate decisions as a premise to obtain the best yield for the specific soil and climatic conditions. The aim of the paper was to present the results obtained at an assortment of maize hybrids regarding yield components and grain yield under the soil and climatic conditions from South Romania in the drought year 2012. Ten hybrids created in Romania were studied, respectively: Cera 270, Cera 290, Cera 370, Cera 390, Cera 6, Cera 420, Cera 2504, Cera 4505, Brgan 48, and Cera 10. The hybrids were studied in four different locations in South Romania, respectively: Fundulea – Clrai County; Vâlcelele – Clrai County; Viani – Brila County; Pota Câlnu – Buzu County. Some of the studied maize hybrids (CERA 10, CERA 390, CERA 270, CERA 2504, CERA 420, CERA 290) showed to have the potential to produce good grain yield (more than 4 tons/ha) under water stress. The grain yield obtained in 2012 in South Romania at the studied hybrids of maize was between 24.1 and 53.4% from the yield obtained in favourable climatic conditions. It is interesting to notice that at the studied hybrids of maize the weight components of yield are much more affected by drought than the numerical component of yield. Key words: maize, hybrids, yield, yield components, drought. INTRODUCTION Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important crop in Romania as harvested area. In the last decade, the annual harvested area with maize was between 2 and 3.2 million hectares, while the average grain yield of maize was between 1.6 and 4.5 tons per hectare. As harvested area of grain maize, Romania ranges the first place in European Union, while as total grain production ranges the second place, after France. Romania has a real potential for developing the maize crop by increasing first of all the yield. Achieving this aim need to overcome one of the main constraints which is the drought especially in South Romania, the most important Romanian growing area for maize. Drought stress is a major constraint factor affecting crop production in arid and semiarid climates (Beheshti and Behboodi, 2010; Haldrup, 2012). 276 In maize, reductions in grain yield caused by drought ranged from 10 to 76% depending on the severity and the stage of its occurrence (Bolaòos et al., 1993, cited by Khodarahmpour and Hamidi, 2012). The effect of water deficit is depending on genotype (hybrid) ability to tolerate water stress. Under limiting water conditions, the correct choice of varieties (hybrids) are among the most important possibilities to efficiently use the available water. Understanding plant responses to drought is of great importance and also a fundamental part of making the crops tolerant to stress (Reddy et al., 2004; Zhao et al., 2008, cited by Khayatnezhad et al., 2011). The yield increasing is continuously achieved by developing new hybrids with high grain yield and better tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. That is why the farmers have to often change the cultivated maize hybrids with
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERS SERIES A. AGRONOM
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University of Agronomic Sciences an
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SUMMARY SOIL SCIENCES Variation of
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A survey study on determination of
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Effects of different nitrogen forms
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Determine the effect of some cultiv
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SOIL SCIENCES
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K + /Na + ratio that ultimately pre
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ZINC POLLUTION OF SOILS LOCATED INT
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as the result of the plant protecti
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OBTAINING OF HUMATE-BASED LIQUID FE
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an 11.6% mass loss and a 145.5 J/g
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mijloc important de fertilizare ech
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collected on 13/09/2012 at the dept
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Table 3. The Influence of mineral f
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CONCLUSIONS The Hybrid rapeseedseed
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Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
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CONCLUSIONS The results have shown
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organic carbon was determined thoug
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THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLING SYSTE
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emerging plant, we recommend using
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at the cellular level of Ni (Bou et
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concentrations in agricultural soil
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Surfaces at the bottom shows higher
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substantial balance that means maxi
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Table 4. Aggregate composition and
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1. The initial parameters of ordina
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Table 8. Modification of the featur
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Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
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the linear correlation coefficient
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CONCLUSIONS For soil polluted with
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50 and 100 mg/kg and appreciated th
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Figure 4. Copper content in soil Fi
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samples collected in northern of fa
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Study areas T
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influenced by heavy metals contamin
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Pankhurst C.E., 1997. Biodeversity
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horizons, color, texture, structure
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From a chemical reaction these soil
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- Organic matter by Tiurin; - pH (H
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Invertebrat
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of moisture in arable layers, incre
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experimentation. The increase of mo
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THE TRANSITION PERIOD TO THE MARKET
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Activity data Activity data comes f
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Figure 2. The decrease of cultivate
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of nitrous oxide. In: Revised 1996
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Laboratory results have been interp
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The air-mass interferes with the ov
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Under these conditions, Moldavian r
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decreased to near wilting coefficie
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CONCLUSIONS Severe drought that aff
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(temperature and soil moisture, air
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primary cultures analyzed, hybrids
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weeding crops during the growing se
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improper drainage and irrigation (G
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Figure 4. Scores plot of the soil s
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Table 1. Cluster analysis of the st
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DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILIZATION RA
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Figure 2. Situation and location of
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Statistical data processing For the
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Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer
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30 m. Regarding the formation and d
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considerably less. These facts are
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Table 2. Hydraulic dimensioning Par
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SPATIAL VARIATION OF PHYSICAL CLAY
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Figure 2. Situation and location of
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esistant to high clay content in th
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CONCLUSIONS Described regularities
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ecome widespread and in order to ea
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Table 3. Results of the analysis of
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COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS FOR TAXONOMY
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Soil types
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underdeveloped cinnamon forest soil
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Figure 8. Content of skeletal fract
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MODEL FOR INVESTIGATION, AMELIORATI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Characteris
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terrain is in the composition of a
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Such characteristics require the ne
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Australia) with high resolution nit
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some important medicinal plants of
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RFV = [120 / NDF] × [88.9 - (0.779
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average at Viani - Brila County). A
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Figure 1. Dry above-ground biomass
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County) and 30.29% (CERA 270 hybrid
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phenological stages were found to h
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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ainfall were able to have a negativ
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Figure 7. Thermo-hydric stress fact
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In Romania is grown a large assortm
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Mainly vitamin C, E and polyphenols
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soluble compounds with antioxidant
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primarily the water-soluble antioxi
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has a split-split-plot design with
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Kovács B., Gyori Z., Prokisch J.,
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pays off (Mares et al., 2004; Gonz
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Table 3. Tested variants V1 Control
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about the inner value of flora. The
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological ma
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Figure 2. Correlation between prote
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CONCLUSIONS Production and quality
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The following presents several tech
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3. Evolution of total weed number i
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RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF NPK FERT
Page 226 and 227: Also increase production significan
Page 228 and 229: In April 2012, the pre-sowing proce
Page 230 and 231: difference with the hoed control sa
Page 232 and 233: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Data about
Page 234 and 235: Table 7. Proved difference between
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Page 238 and 239: Table 1. Variance analysis experien
Page 240 and 241: Amongst the three precocity groups,
Page 242 and 243: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was car
Page 244 and 245: to present genetic sources of resis
Page 246 and 247: REFERENCES Antonova T.S., Araslanov
Page 248 and 249: Halstedii is necessary to identify
Page 250 and 251: EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF ASELEC
Page 252 and 253: to separate the effects of genotype
Page 254 and 255: INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITION
Page 256 and 257: In 2012, at NARDI Fundulea, data fr
Page 258 and 259: parameter from the treated variants
Page 260 and 261: Table 6. The effectiveness of some
Page 264 and 265: Table 1. Probability of the meteoro
Page 266 and 267: At 50% DI in EOF, only a small part
Page 268 and 269: This was probably due to the specif
Page 270 and 271: under deficit irrigation. This prov
Page 272 and 273: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Intervals w
Page 274 and 275: productions from one year to anothe
Page 278 and 279: new created ones as a basic conditi
Page 280 and 281: The highest number of kernels per e
Page 282 and 283: Table 8. Average weight of thousand
Page 284 and 285: CONCLUSIONS The drought from the ye
Page 286 and 287: IWM as appropriate, necessary studi
Page 288 and 289: 100% in the first 6 weeks of growth
Page 292 and 293: locules boll -1 (0.02), seeds locul
Page 294 and 295: Bhutto H., Baloch M.J., Yousaf M.,
Page 296 and 297: Table 4. GCA effects for morpho-yie
Page 298 and 299: MATERIALS AND METHODS This study wa
Page 300 and 301: vegetation of each of the swaths, i
Page 302 and 303: Sudangrass hybrids depending on the
Page 304 and 305: The parameters of biomass and dry m
Page 306 and 307: transplanting and ½ applied at fir
Page 308 and 309: Fertilization Forms Table 2. The me
Page 310 and 311: growing agricultural farms; evoluti
Page 312 and 313: In this area, priority must be to p
Page 314 and 315: soybean seeds are found farms that
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Page 318 and 319: Figure 6. Embryo and endosperm mark
Page 320 and 321: RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE
Page 322 and 323: Table 1. The influence of seeding d
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Table 9. The influence of sowing di
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MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to k
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Table 3. Genotype influence on whea
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Romanian varieties from the experim
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Table 2. Efficacy of some fungicide
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ROMANIAN WHEAT - STRATEGIC PRODUCT
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exceeded 2,000 thou ha, and maximum
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Values over 26% wet gluten were det
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effective and can build a significa
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grassland. This method is commonly
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RESULTS REGARDING DROUGHT RESISTANC
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average for this period is 170.6 mm
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Hybrid FAO grupe Table 2. The main
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length has lowest values at the unt
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SECOND GENERATIO
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developed in Dobrudzha Agricultural
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Table 5. Cytological characteristic
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We can see in the table that all li
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Mean compar
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Table 4. Statistical interpretation
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL A
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Improved sunflower hybrids for use
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differences in production to contro
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International Center for Agricultur
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Table 3. Evaluation of Genotypes fo
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Table 1. Characteristics of city sl
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Table 4. Amount of the rainfall dur
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ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
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maize had a density of 5 plants/m 2
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CONCLUSIONS In terms of productivit
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amino acids, such as 4-hydroxyisole
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Table 5. Determining chlorophyll pi
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PROPOSALS ON TECHNOLOGY OF MOVING A
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These are the main technical charac
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FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHA
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Climate change effects and Dobrogea
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Figure 10. Pure culture of benefici
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MANAGEMENT OF BENEFICIAL MICROORGAN
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microorganisms DSMZ Braunschweig -
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Protocol of research and reporting
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“HERBAL MEDNET” AN INNOVATIVE A
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Figure 2. Value of global herbal ma
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Figure 3. The Allelopathy effect on
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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWA
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Research was also aimed at observin
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Leaf production of dry matter per h
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cooking oil and jatropha oil (Vonsh
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machines, many different fat extrac
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Table 4. The nutrient content Conte
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Figure 21. Dunaliella salina sp. ch
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for the decline is the growing numb
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Tractor power seemed the obvious wa
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Figure 4 shows that in 17 post war
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their employability, help raise the
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. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agro
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through the sprinkler irrigation. A
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Figure 5. Overlapping sprinklers wi
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGROMETEOROLOGIC
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Bulgaria to the use of agroclimatic
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Figure 9. Duration of the period so
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Figure 18. Evapotranspiration of wi
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS After scari
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The influence of the texture on the
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Figure 6. Area of land planted with
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APPLIED BIOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL SCI
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Researches we
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RESEARCHES REGARDING EVOLUTION OF S
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gradually reduce towards the end of
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According to that, the aspect of th
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etween classes of variation with ma
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Table 2. Average heights of Lycium
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V 1 V 2 Table 6. Average shoot leng
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Table 13. Average dry substance of
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centrifuge (7000 rev/min. during 20
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7, Streptomyces sp. 9, and Streptom
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laboratory of Biology, USAMV Buchar
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SOME NEW SPECIMENS FOR ZOOLOGICAL T
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New reptiles for our teaching colle
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Figure 1. Scatter plot of odontosty
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Table 4. Measurements of Xiphinema
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Malus pumila and P. avium are new h
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- the mean, minimum and maximum mon
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The monthly mean of the flow highli
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longer in balance with the existing
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ecording the encountered plant spec
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Mediterranean (3), Balkan (1), Cent
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Table 3. Segetal species of the Top
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of sugar/flower and the honey poten
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Territorial concentration of mellif
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CONCLUSIONS In Giurgiu County there
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farm (Awake, 1998). Rahman et al. 2
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Table 3 shows that there was a high
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS x, k, r, R
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Figure 3. Us-Pressure Relations of
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