Scientific Papers Series A. Agronomy

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Table 7. Ecosystem development stages of the No-Till Incipient stage Transition stage Constitution stage Stabilization stage Structural Enhancing soil bulk aggregates Large quantity of vegetal residues density stabilization Low organic matter content Restoring soil microbiota biomass Increasing nitrogen content Increasing the content of organic debris Increasing phosphorous content Nitrogen immobilization, mineralization Increased coefficient of carbon content Enhancing moisture content Nitorgen immobilization, mineralization reduction, intensification of biological substances cycle, optimization and increasing its volume Time, years 0-5 5 – 10 10 – 20 > 20 Accelerated accumulation of the vegetal residues Continuous variability of nitrogen and carbon Enhancing moisture content Proportion circuit of nutritional substances, consumption reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus CONCLUSIONS Agroecosystems biologization leads to renaturation of the pedeogenesis processes in the chernozem types. The basic elements of renaturation phenomenon are self-loosening, micro and macro structure of the soil, porous space optimization and pedogenesis regimes. REFERENCES Jigu Gh., 2001. Physical degradation. In: “Soil degradation and desertification”, Chisinau. Jigu Gh., 2009. Genesis and soil physics. CEP USM. Jigu Gh., 2013. Soil and functional application features of No-Till technology. In: LIDER-AGRO, No. 1-2, (27-28), p. 18-26. 55
Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LVI, 2013 ISSN 2285-5785; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5793; ISSN Online 2285-5807; ISSN-L 2285-5785 DEGRADATION OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM IN THE SOUTH OF MOLDOVA AND PHYTOTECHNICAL MEASURES TO REMEDY OF THEIR FERTILITY Tamara LEAH, Valeriu CERBARI “Nicolae Dimo” Institute of Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection, 100 Ialoveni str., Chisinau-2070, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova Abstract Corresponding author email: tamaraleah09@gmail.com The existing system of agriculture in the Republic of Moldova led to humus losses, compaction of arable layer and decrease of its resistance to degradation factors. Researches established that only radical corrective factor to cardinal remediate the degraded characteristics of chernozems is that which leading to the formation of this type of soil - steppe vegetation composed by grasses and legumes herbs with fasciculate root system. The chernozems with whole profile, being grassed 15 years in a system without utilization of vegetal aerial mass, recovered 70 percent of humus content in the profile and restore the initial soil typical characteristics. Lucerne with its pivoting root system contributed poorly to remediation the structure and increasing the content of organic matter in soils. Resulting from the fact that in the Moldova is excluded the possibility to cardinal remediation the soil quality status by grassed (0.4 hectares of arable land per capita) has decided to develop and test phytotechnical methods to remedy the soil characteristics without interrupting the production process from agriculture. Key words: soil degradation, phytotechnical measure, structure remediation. INTRODUCTION Degradation of the physical, chemical and biological properties of Moldovan chernozems contributes to the extension of the land desertification processes and decreases the volume of agricultural production in the country. The existing system of agriculture does not ensure long-term preservation of soil quality status and lead to worsening economic and environmental situations. To overcome this situation is possible only through the gradual implementation the system of conservative agriculture, based primarily on the use of natural and biological resources, renewable household sources and only the second on purchased inputs. Preserved internal resources, soil with its attributes, water, and biodiversity are important features of sustainable agriculture and therefore combating the soil degradation and land desertification (Cerbari, 2011). In the absence of the necessary volume of organic fertilizers to remediate the degraded soil characteristics, the only way to preserve their quality status are agrophytotechnical measures-environmentally friendly farming practices. Methods of implementation of environment friendly practices as part of the mandatory sustainable agriculture to protect soil can be established by special research, extensive and lengthy. Sustainable agriculture is defined as an integrated system of agricultural practices of crop and animal production, environmental friendly, adapted to local specificities, in the long term, provides human needs of food and other agricultural products, improving the environment and soil fertility, efficient use of renovated resources, improving quality of life (Doran, Parkin, 1996; Leah, 2012). Purpose of the research is intended to develop and test environmentally friendly agrophytotechnical methods that will ensure to remedy the physical and chemical properties of chernozems in the agricultural production process, contribute to long-term preservation of their quality that will lead to increased volume of agricultural production. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the changes in status of physical and chemical properties of the arable ordinary chernozems under the influence of different 56
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERS SERIES A. AGRONOM
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University of Agronomic Sciences an
Page 6 and 7: SUMMARY SOIL SCIENCES Variation of
Page 8 and 9: A survey study on determination of
Page 10 and 11: Effects of different nitrogen forms
Page 12 and 13: Determine the effect of some cultiv
Page 14: SOIL SCIENCES
Page 17 and 18: K + /Na + ratio that ultimately pre
Page 19 and 20: ZINC POLLUTION OF SOILS LOCATED INT
Page 21 and 22: as the result of the plant protecti
Page 23 and 24: OBTAINING OF HUMATE-BASED LIQUID FE
Page 25 and 26: an 11.6% mass loss and a 145.5 J/g
Page 27 and 28: mijloc important de fertilizare ech
Page 29 and 30: collected on 13/09/2012 at the dept
Page 31 and 32: Table 3. The Influence of mineral f
Page 33 and 34: CONCLUSIONS The Hybrid rapeseedseed
Page 35 and 36: Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
Page 37 and 38: CONCLUSIONS The results have shown
Page 39 and 40: organic carbon was determined thoug
Page 41 and 42: THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLING SYSTE
Page 43 and 44: emerging plant, we recommend using
Page 45 and 46: at the cellular level of Ni (Bou et
Page 47 and 48: concentrations in agricultural soil
Page 49 and 50: Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
Page 51 and 52: Surfaces at the bottom shows higher
Page 53 and 54: substantial balance that means maxi
Page 55: Table 4. Aggregate composition and
Page 59 and 60: 1. The initial parameters of ordina
Page 61 and 62: Table 8. Modification of the featur
Page 63 and 64: Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
Page 65 and 66: the linear correlation coefficient
Page 67 and 68: CONCLUSIONS For soil polluted with
Page 69 and 70: 50 and 100 mg/kg and appreciated th
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4. Copper content in soil Fi
Page 73 and 74: samples collected in northern of fa
Page 75 and 76: MATERIALS AND METHODS Study areas T
Page 77 and 78: influenced by heavy metals contamin
Page 79 and 80: Pankhurst C.E., 1997. Biodeversity
Page 81 and 82: horizons, color, texture, structure
Page 83 and 84: From a chemical reaction these soil
Page 85 and 86: - Organic matter by Tiurin; - pH (H
Page 89 and 90: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Invertebrat
Page 91 and 92: of moisture in arable layers, incre
Page 95 and 96: experimentation. The increase of mo
Page 97 and 98: THE TRANSITION PERIOD TO THE MARKET
Page 99 and 100: Activity data Activity data comes f
Page 101 and 102: Figure 2. The decrease of cultivate
Page 103 and 104: of nitrous oxide. In: Revised 1996
Page 105 and 106: Laboratory results have been interp
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The air-mass interferes with the ov
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Under these conditions, Moldavian r
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decreased to near wilting coefficie
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CONCLUSIONS Severe drought that aff
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(temperature and soil moisture, air
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primary cultures analyzed, hybrids
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weeding crops during the growing se
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improper drainage and irrigation (G
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Figure 4. Scores plot of the soil s
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Table 1. Cluster analysis of the st
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DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILIZATION RA
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Figure 2. Situation and location of
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Statistical data processing For the
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Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer
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30 m. Regarding the formation and d
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considerably less. These facts are
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Table 2. Hydraulic dimensioning Par
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SPATIAL VARIATION OF PHYSICAL CLAY
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Figure 2. Situation and location of
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esistant to high clay content in th
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CONCLUSIONS Described regularities
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ecome widespread and in order to ea
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Table 3. Results of the analysis of
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COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS FOR TAXONOMY
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Soil types
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underdeveloped cinnamon forest soil
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Figure 8. Content of skeletal fract
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MODEL FOR INVESTIGATION, AMELIORATI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Characteris
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terrain is in the composition of a
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Such characteristics require the ne
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Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
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Australia) with high resolution nit
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some important medicinal plants of
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RFV = [120 / NDF] × [88.9 - (0.779
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Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
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average at Viani - Brila County). A
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Figure 1. Dry above-ground biomass
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County) and 30.29% (CERA 270 hybrid
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phenological stages were found to h
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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ainfall were able to have a negativ
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Figure 7. Thermo-hydric stress fact
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In Romania is grown a large assortm
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Mainly vitamin C, E and polyphenols
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soluble compounds with antioxidant
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primarily the water-soluble antioxi
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has a split-split-plot design with
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Kovács B., Gyori Z., Prokisch J.,
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pays off (Mares et al., 2004; Gonz
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Table 3. Tested variants V1 Control
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about the inner value of flora. The
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological ma
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Figure 2. Correlation between prote
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CONCLUSIONS Production and quality
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The following presents several tech
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3. Evolution of total weed number i
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RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF NPK FERT
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Also increase production significan
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In April 2012, the pre-sowing proce
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difference with the hoed control sa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Data about
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Table 7. Proved difference between
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Table 1. Variance analysis experien
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Amongst the three precocity groups,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was car
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to present genetic sources of resis
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REFERENCES Antonova T.S., Araslanov
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Halstedii is necessary to identify
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EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF ASELEC
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to separate the effects of genotype
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INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITION
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In 2012, at NARDI Fundulea, data fr
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parameter from the treated variants
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Table 6. The effectiveness of some
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Table 1. Probability of the meteoro
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At 50% DI in EOF, only a small part
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This was probably due to the specif
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under deficit irrigation. This prov
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Intervals w
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productions from one year to anothe
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epresented by soil ecologization an
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new created ones as a basic conditi
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The highest number of kernels per e
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Table 8. Average weight of thousand
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CONCLUSIONS The drought from the ye
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IWM as appropriate, necessary studi
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100% in the first 6 weeks of growth
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locules boll -1 (0.02), seeds locul
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Bhutto H., Baloch M.J., Yousaf M.,
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Table 4. GCA effects for morpho-yie
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MATERIALS AND METHODS This study wa
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vegetation of each of the swaths, i
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Sudangrass hybrids depending on the
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The parameters of biomass and dry m
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transplanting and ½ applied at fir
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Fertilization Forms Table 2. The me
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growing agricultural farms; evoluti
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In this area, priority must be to p
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soybean seeds are found farms that
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are a better material for haploid i
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Figure 6. Embryo and endosperm mark
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RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE
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Table 1. The influence of seeding d
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Exagone hybrid. Thus, when sown at
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Table 9. The influence of sowing di
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MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to k
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Table 3. Genotype influence on whea
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Romanian varieties from the experim
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Table 2. Efficacy of some fungicide
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ROMANIAN WHEAT - STRATEGIC PRODUCT
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exceeded 2,000 thou ha, and maximum
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Values over 26% wet gluten were det
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effective and can build a significa
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grassland. This method is commonly
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RESULTS REGARDING DROUGHT RESISTANC
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average for this period is 170.6 mm
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Hybrid FAO grupe Table 2. The main
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length has lowest values at the unt
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SECOND GENERATIO
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developed in Dobrudzha Agricultural
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Table 5. Cytological characteristic
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We can see in the table that all li
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Mean compar
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Table 4. Statistical interpretation
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL A
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Improved sunflower hybrids for use
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differences in production to contro
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International Center for Agricultur
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Table 3. Evaluation of Genotypes fo
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Table 1. Characteristics of city sl
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Table 4. Amount of the rainfall dur
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ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
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maize had a density of 5 plants/m 2
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CONCLUSIONS In terms of productivit
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amino acids, such as 4-hydroxyisole
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Table 5. Determining chlorophyll pi
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PROPOSALS ON TECHNOLOGY OF MOVING A
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These are the main technical charac
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FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHA
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Climate change effects and Dobrogea
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Figure 10. Pure culture of benefici
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MANAGEMENT OF BENEFICIAL MICROORGAN
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microorganisms DSMZ Braunschweig -
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Protocol of research and reporting
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“HERBAL MEDNET” AN INNOVATIVE A
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Figure 2. Value of global herbal ma
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Figure 3. The Allelopathy effect on
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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWA
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Research was also aimed at observin
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Leaf production of dry matter per h
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cooking oil and jatropha oil (Vonsh
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machines, many different fat extrac
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Table 4. The nutrient content Conte
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Figure 21. Dunaliella salina sp. ch
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for the decline is the growing numb
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Tractor power seemed the obvious wa
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Figure 4 shows that in 17 post war
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their employability, help raise the
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. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agro
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through the sprinkler irrigation. A
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Figure 5. Overlapping sprinklers wi
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGROMETEOROLOGIC
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Bulgaria to the use of agroclimatic
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Figure 9. Duration of the period so
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Figure 18. Evapotranspiration of wi
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS After scari
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The influence of the texture on the
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Figure 6. Area of land planted with
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APPLIED BIOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL SCI
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Researches we
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RESEARCHES REGARDING EVOLUTION OF S
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gradually reduce towards the end of
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According to that, the aspect of th
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etween classes of variation with ma
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Table 2. Average heights of Lycium
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V 1 V 2 Table 6. Average shoot leng
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Table 13. Average dry substance of
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centrifuge (7000 rev/min. during 20
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7, Streptomyces sp. 9, and Streptom
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laboratory of Biology, USAMV Buchar
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SOME NEW SPECIMENS FOR ZOOLOGICAL T
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New reptiles for our teaching colle
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Figure 1. Scatter plot of odontosty
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Table 4. Measurements of Xiphinema
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Malus pumila and P. avium are new h
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- the mean, minimum and maximum mon
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The monthly mean of the flow highli
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longer in balance with the existing
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ecording the encountered plant spec
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Mediterranean (3), Balkan (1), Cent
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Table 3. Segetal species of the Top
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of sugar/flower and the honey poten
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Territorial concentration of mellif
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CONCLUSIONS In Giurgiu County there
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farm (Awake, 1998). Rahman et al. 2
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Table 3 shows that there was a high
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS x, k, r, R
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Figure 3. Us-Pressure Relations of
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