Scientific Papers Series A. Agronomy

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CONCLUSIONS In Giurgiu County there are two main types of honey harvest (rapeseed and sunflower, acacia and lime), with a global potential of 4,140 honey tonnes. The four main types of honey harvest could assure the economic operation of 31,923 bee families, which means about 2.4 times more than the existing number of the local bee families. A number up to 18,516 of bee families could be brought within the county by practicing a rational pastoral beekeeping to the main types of honey harvests. The surplus of honey potential is provided especially by rapeseed crops and lime forests. There are no beekeepers practicing industrial beekeeping within Giurgiu County; 30% of the total number of beekeepers have more than 50 bee families and operate over 60% of county bee families. In Giurgiu Country, there is a considerable deficit regarding the pollination of the rapeseed and sunflower crops with the existing number of bee families. Method developed in the STUPAS project will allow us to study whether melliferous plants existing in an area (cultivated area, forest area, spontaneous area) at level of village, county, or even in the whole country, provides costeffective maintenance of the bee families. For having a correct image regarding the possibilities to increase the number of families of bees and regarding the possibilities for practicing the pastoral beekeeping, it would be absolutely necessary to be carried out studies on the subject on all the counties in the country. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researches carried out for the elaboration of the present paper were financed by UEFISCDI (http://uefiscdi.gov.ro/), through the Contract no 52-119-2008/STUPAS. REFERENCES Ion Nicoleta, Ion V., Coman R., Fota G., Loren A., A. Gh. Ba, B. Apostol, 2010. Informatics System for Planning the Pastoral Beekeeping in Romania. Proceedings of the 1 st International Animal Health Science Conference – The Beekeeping Conference “New Advancements and Challenges in the Beekeeping World”. Addleton Academic Publishers, New York – SUA, p. 46-51. Vlad V., Ion N., Cojocaru G., Ion V., Loren A., 2012. Model and support system prototype for scheduling the beehive emplacement to agricultural and forest melliferous resources. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LV, p. 410-415. 539
Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LVI, 2013 ISSN 2285-5785; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5793; ISSN Online 2285-5807; ISSN-L 2285-5785 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GENDER PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING REGARDING CROP MANAGEMENT Muhammad ZAFARULLAH KHAN 1 , Amir KHATAM 2 1 University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 2 Agriculture Department (Extension), Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Abstract Corresponding author email: zafaruallah66@yahoo.com The present study was conducted during 2011 to compare the gender participation in decision making regarding crop management in district Swabi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. For this purpose, six union councils i.e Ganduf, Kabgani, Ganichatra, Gabasni, Nara Amazi and Menai were selected. Data were collected from 240 male and 240 female respondents randomly selected for the purpose and analyzed using a paired t-test for comparison of gender participation in decision making regarding crop management. The results indicate that overall level of women participation in decision making was lower as compare to men in the study area.This situation reflects a male dominated society. However, the highest difference of gender participation was recorded in decision making regarding land preparation which ranked 1 st with mean difference 0.71 followed by purchase of inputs and marketing of produce which ranked 2 nd and 3 rd with mean difference 0.60 and 0.56, respectively. Likewise, there existed a highly significant difference in the aspects of insect/ pests’ identification followed by controlling insect/ pests with local recipes and manually which ranked 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd with mean difference 0.55, 0.50 and 0.49, respectively. Similarly, there was a highly significant difference between gender decision making in all weed control measures. However, the highest difference was found in the chemical weed control closely followed by manual and cultural weed control measures which were ranked 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd with mean difference 0.51, 0.50 and 0.47, respectively.However, women enjoyed sufficient authority in decision making regarding some of the farm activities like harvesting of crops, bringing produce to one place, its threshing and storing grain in domestic godowns. The study concludes that overall women participation in decision making regarding crop management was lower than men which may be enhanced by launching development projects to increase agricultural productivity through exploiting available resources by both genders of the society. Key words: Gender participation, Decision making, Crop management, gender empowerment. INTRODUCTION The economy of Pakistan is based on agriculture. It had a population of 13.24 million (Census, 1998; Govt. of Pakistan, 2007), whereas, the present estimated figure has reached to 17.71 million persons. Among this huge populace, women shares over 50% of the total count and perform vital roles in the domestic and economic life of the society. Rural and national development can hardly be achieved if this important segment of the society is neglected (Kishor et al. 1999). In acknowledgment of the important role of women in the national development, the Government of Pakistan has made a separate federal ministry at Islamabad for dealing women affairs and thus focus is laid on bringing about planned and desirable change in the rural societies through agricultural development. The success of these planned programmes principally depends on the rational decision making by women (Vandana, 2004). However, the role of women in decisionmaking regarding agriculture has not generally been investigated (Amali, 1989). Even today male dominance in decision making regarding family and economy is continued even in the regions where women are the principal providers of labour because the influence of women is not recognized. The women are downgraded and bound to play a secondary role both at home and the economy levels. Okafor et al 2002 also confirmed that women of developing countries are disadvantaged as compared to men. Women are denied equal access to land structure and availing extension services under male dominated socio-political system. The lack of women consultation and ignoring their specific capabilities and responsibilities prevent new agricultural projects and technologies from adoption at 540
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERS SERIES A. AGRONOM
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University of Agronomic Sciences an
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SUMMARY SOIL SCIENCES Variation of
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A survey study on determination of
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Effects of different nitrogen forms
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Determine the effect of some cultiv
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SOIL SCIENCES
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K + /Na + ratio that ultimately pre
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ZINC POLLUTION OF SOILS LOCATED INT
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as the result of the plant protecti
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OBTAINING OF HUMATE-BASED LIQUID FE
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an 11.6% mass loss and a 145.5 J/g
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mijloc important de fertilizare ech
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collected on 13/09/2012 at the dept
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Table 3. The Influence of mineral f
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CONCLUSIONS The Hybrid rapeseedseed
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Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
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CONCLUSIONS The results have shown
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organic carbon was determined thoug
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THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLING SYSTE
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emerging plant, we recommend using
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at the cellular level of Ni (Bou et
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concentrations in agricultural soil
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Surfaces at the bottom shows higher
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substantial balance that means maxi
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Table 4. Aggregate composition and
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1. The initial parameters of ordina
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Table 8. Modification of the featur
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Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
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the linear correlation coefficient
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CONCLUSIONS For soil polluted with
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50 and 100 mg/kg and appreciated th
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Figure 4. Copper content in soil Fi
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samples collected in northern of fa
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Study areas T
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influenced by heavy metals contamin
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Pankhurst C.E., 1997. Biodeversity
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horizons, color, texture, structure
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From a chemical reaction these soil
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- Organic matter by Tiurin; - pH (H
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Invertebrat
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of moisture in arable layers, incre
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experimentation. The increase of mo
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THE TRANSITION PERIOD TO THE MARKET
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Activity data Activity data comes f
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Figure 2. The decrease of cultivate
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of nitrous oxide. In: Revised 1996
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Laboratory results have been interp
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The air-mass interferes with the ov
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Under these conditions, Moldavian r
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decreased to near wilting coefficie
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CONCLUSIONS Severe drought that aff
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(temperature and soil moisture, air
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primary cultures analyzed, hybrids
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weeding crops during the growing se
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improper drainage and irrigation (G
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Figure 4. Scores plot of the soil s
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Table 1. Cluster analysis of the st
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DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILIZATION RA
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Figure 2. Situation and location of
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Statistical data processing For the
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Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer
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30 m. Regarding the formation and d
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considerably less. These facts are
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Table 2. Hydraulic dimensioning Par
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SPATIAL VARIATION OF PHYSICAL CLAY
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Figure 2. Situation and location of
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esistant to high clay content in th
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CONCLUSIONS Described regularities
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ecome widespread and in order to ea
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Table 3. Results of the analysis of
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COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS FOR TAXONOMY
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Soil types
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underdeveloped cinnamon forest soil
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Figure 8. Content of skeletal fract
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MODEL FOR INVESTIGATION, AMELIORATI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Characteris
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terrain is in the composition of a
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Such characteristics require the ne
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Australia) with high resolution nit
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some important medicinal plants of
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RFV = [120 / NDF] × [88.9 - (0.779
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average at Viani - Brila County). A
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Figure 1. Dry above-ground biomass
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County) and 30.29% (CERA 270 hybrid
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phenological stages were found to h
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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ainfall were able to have a negativ
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Figure 7. Thermo-hydric stress fact
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In Romania is grown a large assortm
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Mainly vitamin C, E and polyphenols
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soluble compounds with antioxidant
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primarily the water-soluble antioxi
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has a split-split-plot design with
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Kovács B., Gyori Z., Prokisch J.,
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pays off (Mares et al., 2004; Gonz
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Table 3. Tested variants V1 Control
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about the inner value of flora. The
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological ma
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Figure 2. Correlation between prote
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CONCLUSIONS Production and quality
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The following presents several tech
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3. Evolution of total weed number i
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RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF NPK FERT
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Also increase production significan
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In April 2012, the pre-sowing proce
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difference with the hoed control sa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Data about
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Table 7. Proved difference between
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Table 1. Variance analysis experien
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Amongst the three precocity groups,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was car
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to present genetic sources of resis
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REFERENCES Antonova T.S., Araslanov
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Halstedii is necessary to identify
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EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF ASELEC
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to separate the effects of genotype
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INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITION
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In 2012, at NARDI Fundulea, data fr
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parameter from the treated variants
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Table 6. The effectiveness of some
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Table 1. Probability of the meteoro
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At 50% DI in EOF, only a small part
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This was probably due to the specif
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under deficit irrigation. This prov
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Intervals w
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productions from one year to anothe
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epresented by soil ecologization an
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new created ones as a basic conditi
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The highest number of kernels per e
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Table 8. Average weight of thousand
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CONCLUSIONS The drought from the ye
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IWM as appropriate, necessary studi
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100% in the first 6 weeks of growth
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locules boll -1 (0.02), seeds locul
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Bhutto H., Baloch M.J., Yousaf M.,
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Table 4. GCA effects for morpho-yie
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MATERIALS AND METHODS This study wa
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vegetation of each of the swaths, i
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Sudangrass hybrids depending on the
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The parameters of biomass and dry m
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transplanting and ½ applied at fir
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Fertilization Forms Table 2. The me
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growing agricultural farms; evoluti
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In this area, priority must be to p
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soybean seeds are found farms that
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are a better material for haploid i
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Figure 6. Embryo and endosperm mark
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RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE
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Table 1. The influence of seeding d
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Exagone hybrid. Thus, when sown at
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Table 9. The influence of sowing di
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MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to k
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Table 3. Genotype influence on whea
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Romanian varieties from the experim
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Table 2. Efficacy of some fungicide
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ROMANIAN WHEAT - STRATEGIC PRODUCT
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exceeded 2,000 thou ha, and maximum
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Values over 26% wet gluten were det
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effective and can build a significa
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grassland. This method is commonly
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RESULTS REGARDING DROUGHT RESISTANC
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average for this period is 170.6 mm
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Hybrid FAO grupe Table 2. The main
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length has lowest values at the unt
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SECOND GENERATIO
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developed in Dobrudzha Agricultural
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Table 5. Cytological characteristic
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We can see in the table that all li
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Mean compar
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Table 4. Statistical interpretation
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL A
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Improved sunflower hybrids for use
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differences in production to contro
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International Center for Agricultur
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Table 3. Evaluation of Genotypes fo
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Table 1. Characteristics of city sl
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Table 4. Amount of the rainfall dur
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ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
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maize had a density of 5 plants/m 2
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CONCLUSIONS In terms of productivit
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amino acids, such as 4-hydroxyisole
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Table 5. Determining chlorophyll pi
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PROPOSALS ON TECHNOLOGY OF MOVING A
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These are the main technical charac
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FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHA
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Climate change effects and Dobrogea
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Figure 10. Pure culture of benefici
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MANAGEMENT OF BENEFICIAL MICROORGAN
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microorganisms DSMZ Braunschweig -
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Protocol of research and reporting
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“HERBAL MEDNET” AN INNOVATIVE A
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Figure 2. Value of global herbal ma
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Figure 3. The Allelopathy effect on
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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWA
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Research was also aimed at observin
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Leaf production of dry matter per h
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cooking oil and jatropha oil (Vonsh
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machines, many different fat extrac
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Table 4. The nutrient content Conte
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Figure 21. Dunaliella salina sp. ch
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for the decline is the growing numb
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Tractor power seemed the obvious wa
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Figure 4 shows that in 17 post war
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their employability, help raise the
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. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agro
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through the sprinkler irrigation. A
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Figure 5. Overlapping sprinklers wi
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGROMETEOROLOGIC
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Bulgaria to the use of agroclimatic
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Figure 9. Duration of the period so
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Figure 18. Evapotranspiration of wi
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS After scari
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The influence of the texture on the
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Figure 6. Area of land planted with
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APPLIED BIOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL SCI
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Researches we
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RESEARCHES REGARDING EVOLUTION OF S
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gradually reduce towards the end of
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According to that, the aspect of th
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Page 491 and 492: Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
Page 493 and 494: Table 2. Average heights of Lycium
Page 495 and 496: V 1 V 2 Table 6. Average shoot leng
Page 497 and 498: Table 13. Average dry substance of
Page 503 and 504: centrifuge (7000 rev/min. during 20
Page 505 and 506: 7, Streptomyces sp. 9, and Streptom
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Page 509 and 510: SOME NEW SPECIMENS FOR ZOOLOGICAL T
Page 511 and 512: New reptiles for our teaching colle
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Page 516 and 517: Figure 1. Scatter plot of odontosty
Page 518 and 519: Table 4. Measurements of Xiphinema
Page 520 and 521: Malus pumila and P. avium are new h
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Page 524 and 525: The monthly mean of the flow highli
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Page 528 and 529: ecording the encountered plant spec
Page 530 and 531: Mediterranean (3), Balkan (1), Cent
Page 532 and 533: Table 3. Segetal species of the Top
Page 534 and 535: Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
Page 536 and 537: of sugar/flower and the honey poten
Page 538 and 539: Territorial concentration of mellif
Page 542 and 543: farm (Awake, 1998). Rahman et al. 2
Page 544 and 545: Table 3 shows that there was a high
Page 548 and 549: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS x, k, r, R
Page 550 and 551: Figure 3. Us-Pressure Relations of
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