Scientific Papers Series A. Agronomy

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Dimitrov G., 1987. On the conditions and processes accounting for Solonchak, Solontzic and Solodic elementary soil-forming. Soil science , agrochemistry and ecology, 6, p. 10-14. Ganchev S., Kochev H., 1962. La Vegetation Gazonnante de la Valle de la R. Studena. Proc. Inst. Of Botany, BAS, 9, 43-78 (in Bulgarian). Ganchev S., Kochev H., Yordanov D., 1971. The halophylic vegetation in Bulgaria. Proc. Inst. Of Botany, BAS, 21, p. 5-48 (in Bulgarian). Jordanov D., (ed.) 1963–1979. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Bulgaricae, 1–7. In Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae (in Bulgarian). Kozhuharov S., (ed.) 1992. Field Guide to the Vascular Plants in Bulgaria, Naouka & Izkoustvo, Sofia (in Bulgarian). Kožuharov S., (ed.) 1995. Fl. Reipubl. Bulgaricae, 10. Editio Acad.“Prof. Marin Drinov”, Serdicae (in Bulgarian). Petkov N., Pachvarazov St., 1988. Soil characteristics of the land APC “Zagore”- Stara Zagora, Insitut of Soil science “ N. Pouschkarov”. Popandova S., 1995. On the application of the conductometry for determination of soil salinization rate. Soil science , agrochemistry and ecology, 1-6, p. 142-143. Popandova S., 2001. On determination of the salinization degree of soils from water extract with different soilwater ratios. Soil science , agrochemistry and ecology, 1, p. 14-17. Raikov L., Kavardgiev Y., Popandova Sv.,1989. Secondary salinization of soils in the region of provadia-devnya. Soil science and agrochemistry, 1, p. 58-64. Simeonov V., Simeonova P., Tsakovski S., Lovchinov V., 2010. Lake Water Monitoring Data Assessment by Multivariate Statistics. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2, p. 353-361. Trendafilov K., Popova R., 2007. Guidance for Soil science. Agricultural University Plovdiv. Tzonev R., Gussev Ch., 2011. Inland saline meadows. In: Biserkov, V. & al.(eds), Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria, 3. Natural habitats. http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/envol3/31E6.html [accessed 12.01.2013]. Tzonev R., Lisenko T., Gussev Ch., Zhelev P., 2008. The halophytic vegetation in South-East Bulgaria and along the Black Sea coat. Hacquetia, 7/2, p. 95 -121. Velev V., (ed.). 1982. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Bulgaricae, 8. In Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae (in Bulgarian). Velev V., (ed.). 1989. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Bulgaricae, 9. In Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae (in Bulgarian). 125
DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILIZATION RATES WITH PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM BASED ON GEOSPATIAL DATA FOR THEIR RESERVES IN SOIL Abstract Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LVI, 2013 ISSN 2285-5785; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5793; ISSN Online 2285-5807; ISSN-L 2285-5785 Stefka TODOROVA, Krasimir TRENDAFILOV, Violeta VALCHEVA Agriculture University, 12 Mendeleev Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Corresponding author email: stefi_k.todorova@abv.bg Generally the stockpiling fertilization with phosphorus and potassium is applied before planting of perennial crops and requires introducing of high fertilization rates, calculated on the basis of the soil reserves and forecasted balance of the element for a long period. Opportunities for correction of stockpile fertilizer rates after planting of perennials are very limited, taking into account the technological limitations of incorportation of fertilizers to the depth of active root layer.This requires precise calculation of fertilizer rates, depending on the heterogeneity of the soil even before planting. Present work is an attempt for approximation of balanced stockpiling rates with phosphorus and potassium to the actual needs of plants of fertilization on the whole area of the plantation. It is used nearest neighbour method, combined with soil sampling in graticule conformed to the configuration of the area. The optimal density of the graticule is established experimentally by prior reconnaissance soil sampling and defining the function of the spatial heterogeneity expressed as variogram. Obtained on the first approximation results are generalized to the threshold of economically significant sensitivity to corresponding nutrient, and then are outlined sub-areas for differentiated fertilization. The advantages of the nearest neighbour method in the proposed model for geospatialization is that, its application provides an outlining of sub-areas for diferentiated fertilization with proper configuration which is suitable for service by fertilizer technique. Key words: geospatialization, fertilization, phosphorus, potassium. INTRODUCTION Compared with other perennial crops vine consumes relatively economical mineral forms of major nutrients in the soil and has well expressed adaptability to different levels of mineral nutrition (Enikov and Benevski, 1984). Some differentiation in terms of rate of nutrients absorption is established between the different varieties, cultivation directions, and variety-rootstock combinations (Delas, 1992; Lambert et. al., 2008). By pre-planting fertilization with high doses of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers the soil is accumulated with major nutritional elements in quantities that are sufficient to ensure normal growth and development of perennial crops up to the third-fourth year (sometimes longer). From the potassium fertilizers most commonly used is potassium sulphate and from phosphorus-triple superphosphate. The use of more quick-acting fertilizer is not recommended because they can be leached 126 easily into deeper soil layers. Due to the very low mobility of compounds in potassium sulphate and superphosphate, these fertilizers are retained in the zone of their introduction for a long period of time. On one hand, this feature may have a negative effect, because if these fertilizers are not incorporated in sufficient depth in soil, they can not be assimilated by the vine roots. From another hand, however their low mobility in soil, ensures their long-term action which is of great importance to all perennial crops (Valcheva et. al., 2012). The doses used for stockpiling fertilization must be calculated the most precisely, because the opportunities for their correction after establishing the vineyard are very limited from a technological standpoint. Fertilizer rates must be calculated based on the soil reserves, the forecasted balance of the element for a long period, and according to the heterogeneity of the soil even before planting. Present work is an attempt for approximation of balanced stockpiling rates with phosphorus and
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERS SERIES A. AGRONOM
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University of Agronomic Sciences an
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SUMMARY SOIL SCIENCES Variation of
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A survey study on determination of
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Effects of different nitrogen forms
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Determine the effect of some cultiv
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SOIL SCIENCES
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K + /Na + ratio that ultimately pre
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ZINC POLLUTION OF SOILS LOCATED INT
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as the result of the plant protecti
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OBTAINING OF HUMATE-BASED LIQUID FE
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an 11.6% mass loss and a 145.5 J/g
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mijloc important de fertilizare ech
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collected on 13/09/2012 at the dept
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Table 3. The Influence of mineral f
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CONCLUSIONS The Hybrid rapeseedseed
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Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
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CONCLUSIONS The results have shown
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organic carbon was determined thoug
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THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLING SYSTE
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emerging plant, we recommend using
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at the cellular level of Ni (Bou et
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concentrations in agricultural soil
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Surfaces at the bottom shows higher
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substantial balance that means maxi
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Table 4. Aggregate composition and
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1. The initial parameters of ordina
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Table 8. Modification of the featur
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Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
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the linear correlation coefficient
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CONCLUSIONS For soil polluted with
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50 and 100 mg/kg and appreciated th
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Figure 4. Copper content in soil Fi
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samples collected in northern of fa
Page 75 and 76: MATERIALS AND METHODS Study areas T
Page 77 and 78: influenced by heavy metals contamin
Page 79 and 80: Pankhurst C.E., 1997. Biodeversity
Page 81 and 82: horizons, color, texture, structure
Page 83 and 84: From a chemical reaction these soil
Page 85 and 86: - Organic matter by Tiurin; - pH (H
Page 87 and 88: Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
Page 89 and 90: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Invertebrat
Page 91 and 92: of moisture in arable layers, incre
Page 95 and 96: experimentation. The increase of mo
Page 97 and 98: THE TRANSITION PERIOD TO THE MARKET
Page 99 and 100: Activity data Activity data comes f
Page 101 and 102: Figure 2. The decrease of cultivate
Page 103 and 104: of nitrous oxide. In: Revised 1996
Page 105 and 106: Laboratory results have been interp
Page 107 and 108: The air-mass interferes with the ov
Page 109 and 110: Under these conditions, Moldavian r
Page 111 and 112: decreased to near wilting coefficie
Page 113 and 114: CONCLUSIONS Severe drought that aff
Page 115 and 116: (temperature and soil moisture, air
Page 117 and 118: primary cultures analyzed, hybrids
Page 119 and 120: weeding crops during the growing se
Page 121 and 122: improper drainage and irrigation (G
Page 123 and 124: Figure 4. Scores plot of the soil s
Page 125: Table 1. Cluster analysis of the st
Page 129 and 130: Figure 2. Situation and location of
Page 131 and 132: Statistical data processing For the
Page 133 and 134: Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer
Page 135 and 136: 30 m. Regarding the formation and d
Page 137 and 138: considerably less. These facts are
Page 139 and 140: Table 2. Hydraulic dimensioning Par
Page 141 and 142: SPATIAL VARIATION OF PHYSICAL CLAY
Page 143 and 144: Figure 2. Situation and location of
Page 145 and 146: esistant to high clay content in th
Page 147 and 148: CONCLUSIONS Described regularities
Page 149 and 150: ecome widespread and in order to ea
Page 151 and 152: Table 3. Results of the analysis of
Page 153 and 154: COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS FOR TAXONOMY
Page 155 and 156: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Soil types
Page 157 and 158: underdeveloped cinnamon forest soil
Page 159 and 160: Figure 8. Content of skeletal fract
Page 161 and 162: MODEL FOR INVESTIGATION, AMELIORATI
Page 163 and 164: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Characteris
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Page 167 and 168: Such characteristics require the ne
Page 172 and 173: Australia) with high resolution nit
Page 174 and 175: some important medicinal plants of
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RFV = [120 / NDF] × [88.9 - (0.779
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average at Viani - Brila County). A
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Figure 1. Dry above-ground biomass
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County) and 30.29% (CERA 270 hybrid
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phenological stages were found to h
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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ainfall were able to have a negativ
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Figure 7. Thermo-hydric stress fact
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In Romania is grown a large assortm
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Mainly vitamin C, E and polyphenols
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soluble compounds with antioxidant
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primarily the water-soluble antioxi
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has a split-split-plot design with
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Kovács B., Gyori Z., Prokisch J.,
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pays off (Mares et al., 2004; Gonz
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Table 3. Tested variants V1 Control
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about the inner value of flora. The
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological ma
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Figure 2. Correlation between prote
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CONCLUSIONS Production and quality
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The following presents several tech
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3. Evolution of total weed number i
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RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF NPK FERT
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Also increase production significan
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In April 2012, the pre-sowing proce
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difference with the hoed control sa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Data about
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Table 7. Proved difference between
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Table 1. Variance analysis experien
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Amongst the three precocity groups,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was car
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to present genetic sources of resis
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REFERENCES Antonova T.S., Araslanov
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Halstedii is necessary to identify
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EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF ASELEC
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to separate the effects of genotype
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INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITION
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In 2012, at NARDI Fundulea, data fr
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parameter from the treated variants
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Table 6. The effectiveness of some
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Table 1. Probability of the meteoro
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At 50% DI in EOF, only a small part
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This was probably due to the specif
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under deficit irrigation. This prov
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Intervals w
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productions from one year to anothe
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epresented by soil ecologization an
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new created ones as a basic conditi
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The highest number of kernels per e
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Table 8. Average weight of thousand
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CONCLUSIONS The drought from the ye
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IWM as appropriate, necessary studi
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100% in the first 6 weeks of growth
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locules boll -1 (0.02), seeds locul
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Bhutto H., Baloch M.J., Yousaf M.,
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Table 4. GCA effects for morpho-yie
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MATERIALS AND METHODS This study wa
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vegetation of each of the swaths, i
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Sudangrass hybrids depending on the
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The parameters of biomass and dry m
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transplanting and ½ applied at fir
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Fertilization Forms Table 2. The me
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growing agricultural farms; evoluti
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In this area, priority must be to p
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soybean seeds are found farms that
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are a better material for haploid i
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Figure 6. Embryo and endosperm mark
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RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE
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Table 1. The influence of seeding d
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Exagone hybrid. Thus, when sown at
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Table 9. The influence of sowing di
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MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to k
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Table 3. Genotype influence on whea
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Romanian varieties from the experim
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Table 2. Efficacy of some fungicide
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ROMANIAN WHEAT - STRATEGIC PRODUCT
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exceeded 2,000 thou ha, and maximum
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Values over 26% wet gluten were det
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effective and can build a significa
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grassland. This method is commonly
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RESULTS REGARDING DROUGHT RESISTANC
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average for this period is 170.6 mm
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Hybrid FAO grupe Table 2. The main
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length has lowest values at the unt
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SECOND GENERATIO
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developed in Dobrudzha Agricultural
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Table 5. Cytological characteristic
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We can see in the table that all li
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Mean compar
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Table 4. Statistical interpretation
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL A
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Improved sunflower hybrids for use
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differences in production to contro
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International Center for Agricultur
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Table 3. Evaluation of Genotypes fo
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Table 1. Characteristics of city sl
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Table 4. Amount of the rainfall dur
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ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
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maize had a density of 5 plants/m 2
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CONCLUSIONS In terms of productivit
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amino acids, such as 4-hydroxyisole
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Table 5. Determining chlorophyll pi
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PROPOSALS ON TECHNOLOGY OF MOVING A
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These are the main technical charac
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FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHA
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Climate change effects and Dobrogea
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Figure 10. Pure culture of benefici
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MANAGEMENT OF BENEFICIAL MICROORGAN
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microorganisms DSMZ Braunschweig -
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Protocol of research and reporting
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“HERBAL MEDNET” AN INNOVATIVE A
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Figure 2. Value of global herbal ma
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Figure 3. The Allelopathy effect on
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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWA
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Research was also aimed at observin
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Leaf production of dry matter per h
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cooking oil and jatropha oil (Vonsh
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machines, many different fat extrac
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Table 4. The nutrient content Conte
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Figure 21. Dunaliella salina sp. ch
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for the decline is the growing numb
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Tractor power seemed the obvious wa
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Figure 4 shows that in 17 post war
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their employability, help raise the
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. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agro
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through the sprinkler irrigation. A
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Figure 5. Overlapping sprinklers wi
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGROMETEOROLOGIC
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Bulgaria to the use of agroclimatic
Page 464 and 465:
Figure 9. Duration of the period so
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Figure 18. Evapotranspiration of wi
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS After scari
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The influence of the texture on the
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Figure 6. Area of land planted with
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APPLIED BIOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL SCI
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Researches we
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RESEARCHES REGARDING EVOLUTION OF S
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gradually reduce towards the end of
Page 485 and 486:
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According to that, the aspect of th
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etween classes of variation with ma
Page 491 and 492:
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Table 2. Average heights of Lycium
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V 1 V 2 Table 6. Average shoot leng
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Table 13. Average dry substance of
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centrifuge (7000 rev/min. during 20
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7, Streptomyces sp. 9, and Streptom
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laboratory of Biology, USAMV Buchar
Page 509 and 510:
SOME NEW SPECIMENS FOR ZOOLOGICAL T
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New reptiles for our teaching colle
Page 514 and 515:
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Figure 1. Scatter plot of odontosty
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Table 4. Measurements of Xiphinema
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Malus pumila and P. avium are new h
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- the mean, minimum and maximum mon
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The monthly mean of the flow highli
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longer in balance with the existing
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ecording the encountered plant spec
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Mediterranean (3), Balkan (1), Cent
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Table 3. Segetal species of the Top
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of sugar/flower and the honey poten
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Territorial concentration of mellif
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CONCLUSIONS In Giurgiu County there
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farm (Awake, 1998). Rahman et al. 2
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Table 3 shows that there was a high
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS x, k, r, R
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Figure 3. Us-Pressure Relations of
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