Scientific Papers Series A. Agronomy

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RFV = [120 / NDF] × [88.9 – (0.779 × ADF)] × [0.775]. The statistical analysis of the yield and quality data was performed using the General Linear Model procedure of SAS (SAS Inst., 1998). The means were compared using the LSD test at the 0.05 probability level. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Second and third harvest stage (3388 and 3921 kg ha -1 , respectively) had higher DM yields than the first harvest stage (2340 kg ha -1 ). The DM yield increased after the first harvest stage. The third harvest stage exhibited lower CP values than the all other harvest stage. CP values decreased thought the vegetation period. The highest CP values obtained from the first harvest stage (221 g kg -1 ). Sattell et al. (1998) reported that dry matter yield varied from 2200 to 11000 kg ha -1 in crimson clover. Ross et al. (2001) found that dry matter yield in crimson clover was varied from 2050 to 3950 kg ha -1 . Smith et al. (1992) found that dry matter yield in crimson clover was 4300 kg ha -1 . Knight and Hollowell (1973) obtained 2500-5000 kg ha -1 dry matter yield and 120-140 g kg -1 crude protein content in crimson clover. Albayrak et al. (2006) obtained 3200-4200 kg ha -1 dry matter yield and 171-174 g kg -1 crude protein content in crimson clover. Similar findings were found in present study. Differences in NDF and ADF concentrations occurred between the harvest stage. The third harvest stage had higher NDF and ADF values than the first harvest stage. The NDF and ADF concentrations of forage are also important quality parameters (Caballero et al., 1995). At the early vegetative period legumes had lower NDF and ADF concentrations than at later vegetative period legumes. This situation can be explained by the fact that the amounts of cell wall constituents (NDF and ADF) in young legumes are not as large as those of old legumes (Buxton et al., 1991). The TDN refers to the nutrients that are available for livestock and are related to the ADF concentration of the forage. As ADF increases there is a decline in TDN which means that animal are not able to utilize the nutrients that are present in the forage (Aydin et al., 2010). In present study, the highest TDN value was obtained from the first and second harvest stage (723 and 695 gkg -1 ), the third harvest stage had the least (664 g kg -1 ). RFV was affected by harvest stage. The highest RFV determined on the first harvest stage (196). The first harvest stage displayed higher RFV, which may have been due to the decrease in the NDF and ADF concentrations in the crimson clover. Albayrak and Türk (2013) stated that forages with an RFV of over 151, 150–125, 124–103, 102–87, 86–75, and less than 75 are categorized as prime, premium, good, fair, poor, and rejected, respectively. Van Soest (1996) reported that the RFV is not a direct measure of the nutritional content of forage, but that it is important for estimating the value of the forage. Based on the average of the 2 years, at the different harvest stage crimson clover had relative feed values ranging from 162 to 196 and, thus, may be categorized as prime quality. Table 1. Forage yield and quality parameters of crimson clover at different harvest stages (average of 2 years) DMY CP ADF NDF Harvest stage (kg ha -1 ) (g kg -1 ) (g kg -1 ) (g kg -1 ) TDN (g kg -1 ) RFV I 2340 b 221 a 225 b 338 b 723 a 196 a II 3388 ab 192 ab 246 ab 365 ab 695 ab 177 ab III 3921 a 169 b 270 a 389 a 664 b 162 b CV (%) 15.49 9.85 10.36 5.78 4.75 5.07 Means in the same column were not significantly different at the 0.05 level in the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. CONCLUSIONS Forage yield and quality changed by harvesting stages. Delaying harvest stage resulted in 175 increased DM yield and decreased forage quality. At the end of the 2 year-research, full flowering harvesting stage could be recommended for high herbage quality growing crimson clover at similar soils and environments in Mediterranean conditions of Turkey.
REFERENCES Albayrak S., Töngel Ö., Yavuz T., 2006. The effects of inoculation and nitrogen fertilization on forage yield and protein content of some annual clovers (Trifolium ssp.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 11 (1), p. 6-13. Albayrak S., Türk M., Yüksel O., 2011. Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on hungarian vetch yield and quality. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 16 (1), p. 53-58. Albayrak S., Türk M., 2013. Changes in the forage yield and quality of legume-grass mixtures throughout the vegetation period. Turk J. Agriculture and Forestry. doi:10.3906/tar-1202-73. Aydin N., Mut Z., Mut H., Ayan I., 2010. Effect of autumn and spring sowing dates on hay yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 9 (10), p. 1539- 1545. Buxton D.R., Brasche M.R., 1991. Digestibility of structural carbohydrates in cool-season grass and legume forages. Crop Sci 31, p. 1338–1345. Caballero A.R., Goicoechea-Oicoechea E.L., Hernaiz- Ernaiz P.J., 1995. Forage yields and quality of common vetch and oat sown at varying seeding ratios and seeding rates of vetch. Field Crops Research. 41, p. 135-140. Kacar B., Inal A., 2008. Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Akademik Yayincilik, Ankara. Knight, W.E. and E.A. Hollowell. 1973. Crimson Clover. Advances in <strong>Agronomy</strong>, 25, p. 47-76. SAS Institute, 1998. INC SAS/STAT users’ guide release 7.0, Cary, NC, USA. Rebole A., Alzueta C., Ortiz L.T., Barro C., Rodriguez M.L., Caballero R., 2004. Yields and chemical composition of different parts of the common vetch at flowering and at two seed filling stages. Spanish J Agric. Res. 2, p. 550-557. Sattell R., Dick D., Luna H.J., McGrath D., 1998. Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.). Oregon Cover Crops. EM 8696. Smith G.R., Gilbert C.L., Pemberton I.J.. 1992. Seasonal production of annual forage legumes at Overton, 1987-1988. http://forageresearch.tamu.edu/1992/92list.html. Stubbendieck J., Foster M.A., 1978. Herbage yield and quality of threadleaf sedge. Journal of Range Management. 31, p. 290-292. Van Soest P.J., 1996. Allometry and ecology of feeding behavior and digestive capacity in herbivores: a review. Zoo Biol 15, p. 455–479. 176
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERS SERIES A. AGRONOM
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University of Agronomic Sciences an
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SUMMARY SOIL SCIENCES Variation of
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A survey study on determination of
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Effects of different nitrogen forms
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Determine the effect of some cultiv
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SOIL SCIENCES
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K + /Na + ratio that ultimately pre
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ZINC POLLUTION OF SOILS LOCATED INT
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as the result of the plant protecti
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OBTAINING OF HUMATE-BASED LIQUID FE
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an 11.6% mass loss and a 145.5 J/g
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mijloc important de fertilizare ech
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collected on 13/09/2012 at the dept
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Table 3. The Influence of mineral f
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CONCLUSIONS The Hybrid rapeseedseed
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Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
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CONCLUSIONS The results have shown
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organic carbon was determined thoug
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THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLING SYSTE
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emerging plant, we recommend using
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at the cellular level of Ni (Bou et
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concentrations in agricultural soil
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Surfaces at the bottom shows higher
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substantial balance that means maxi
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Table 4. Aggregate composition and
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1. The initial parameters of ordina
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Table 8. Modification of the featur
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Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
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the linear correlation coefficient
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CONCLUSIONS For soil polluted with
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50 and 100 mg/kg and appreciated th
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Figure 4. Copper content in soil Fi
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samples collected in northern of fa
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Study areas T
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influenced by heavy metals contamin
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Pankhurst C.E., 1997. Biodeversity
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horizons, color, texture, structure
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From a chemical reaction these soil
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- Organic matter by Tiurin; - pH (H
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Invertebrat
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of moisture in arable layers, incre
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experimentation. The increase of mo
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THE TRANSITION PERIOD TO THE MARKET
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Activity data Activity data comes f
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Figure 2. The decrease of cultivate
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of nitrous oxide. In: Revised 1996
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Laboratory results have been interp
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The air-mass interferes with the ov
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Under these conditions, Moldavian r
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decreased to near wilting coefficie
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CONCLUSIONS Severe drought that aff
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(temperature and soil moisture, air
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primary cultures analyzed, hybrids
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weeding crops during the growing se
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improper drainage and irrigation (G
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Figure 4. Scores plot of the soil s
Page 125 and 126: Table 1. Cluster analysis of the st
Page 127 and 128: DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILIZATION RA
Page 129 and 130: Figure 2. Situation and location of
Page 131 and 132: Statistical data processing For the
Page 133 and 134: Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer
Page 135 and 136: 30 m. Regarding the formation and d
Page 137 and 138: considerably less. These facts are
Page 139 and 140: Table 2. Hydraulic dimensioning Par
Page 141 and 142: SPATIAL VARIATION OF PHYSICAL CLAY
Page 143 and 144: Figure 2. Situation and location of
Page 145 and 146: esistant to high clay content in th
Page 147 and 148: CONCLUSIONS Described regularities
Page 149 and 150: ecome widespread and in order to ea
Page 151 and 152: Table 3. Results of the analysis of
Page 153 and 154: COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS FOR TAXONOMY
Page 155 and 156: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Soil types
Page 157 and 158: underdeveloped cinnamon forest soil
Page 159 and 160: Figure 8. Content of skeletal fract
Page 161 and 162: MODEL FOR INVESTIGATION, AMELIORATI
Page 163 and 164: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Characteris
Page 165 and 166: terrain is in the composition of a
Page 167 and 168: Such characteristics require the ne
Page 170 and 171: Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
Page 172 and 173: Australia) with high resolution nit
Page 174 and 175: some important medicinal plants of
Page 178 and 179: Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
Page 180 and 181: average at Viani - Brila County). A
Page 182 and 183: Figure 1. Dry above-ground biomass
Page 184 and 185: County) and 30.29% (CERA 270 hybrid
Page 186 and 187: Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
Page 188 and 189: phenological stages were found to h
Page 190 and 191: STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
Page 192 and 193: ainfall were able to have a negativ
Page 194 and 195: Figure 7. Thermo-hydric stress fact
Page 196 and 197: In Romania is grown a large assortm
Page 198 and 199: Mainly vitamin C, E and polyphenols
Page 200 and 201: soluble compounds with antioxidant
Page 202 and 203: primarily the water-soluble antioxi
Page 204 and 205: has a split-split-plot design with
Page 206 and 207: Kovács B., Gyori Z., Prokisch J.,
Page 208 and 209: pays off (Mares et al., 2004; Gonz
Page 210 and 211: Table 3. Tested variants V1 Control
Page 212 and 213: about the inner value of flora. The
Page 214 and 215: MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological ma
Page 216 and 217: Figure 2. Correlation between prote
Page 218 and 219: CONCLUSIONS Production and quality
Page 220 and 221: The following presents several tech
Page 222 and 223: 3. Evolution of total weed number i
Page 224 and 225: RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF NPK FERT
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Also increase production significan
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In April 2012, the pre-sowing proce
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difference with the hoed control sa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Data about
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Table 7. Proved difference between
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Table 1. Variance analysis experien
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Amongst the three precocity groups,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was car
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to present genetic sources of resis
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REFERENCES Antonova T.S., Araslanov
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Halstedii is necessary to identify
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EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF ASELEC
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to separate the effects of genotype
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INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITION
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In 2012, at NARDI Fundulea, data fr
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parameter from the treated variants
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Table 6. The effectiveness of some
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Table 1. Probability of the meteoro
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At 50% DI in EOF, only a small part
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This was probably due to the specif
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under deficit irrigation. This prov
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Intervals w
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productions from one year to anothe
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epresented by soil ecologization an
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new created ones as a basic conditi
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The highest number of kernels per e
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Table 8. Average weight of thousand
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CONCLUSIONS The drought from the ye
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IWM as appropriate, necessary studi
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100% in the first 6 weeks of growth
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locules boll -1 (0.02), seeds locul
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Bhutto H., Baloch M.J., Yousaf M.,
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Table 4. GCA effects for morpho-yie
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MATERIALS AND METHODS This study wa
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vegetation of each of the swaths, i
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Sudangrass hybrids depending on the
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The parameters of biomass and dry m
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transplanting and ½ applied at fir
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Fertilization Forms Table 2. The me
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growing agricultural farms; evoluti
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In this area, priority must be to p
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soybean seeds are found farms that
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are a better material for haploid i
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Figure 6. Embryo and endosperm mark
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RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE
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Table 1. The influence of seeding d
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Exagone hybrid. Thus, when sown at
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Table 9. The influence of sowing di
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MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to k
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Table 3. Genotype influence on whea
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Romanian varieties from the experim
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Table 2. Efficacy of some fungicide
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ROMANIAN WHEAT - STRATEGIC PRODUCT
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exceeded 2,000 thou ha, and maximum
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Values over 26% wet gluten were det
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effective and can build a significa
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grassland. This method is commonly
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RESULTS REGARDING DROUGHT RESISTANC
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average for this period is 170.6 mm
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Hybrid FAO grupe Table 2. The main
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length has lowest values at the unt
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SECOND GENERATIO
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developed in Dobrudzha Agricultural
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Table 5. Cytological characteristic
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We can see in the table that all li
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Mean compar
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Table 4. Statistical interpretation
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL A
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Improved sunflower hybrids for use
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differences in production to contro
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International Center for Agricultur
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Table 3. Evaluation of Genotypes fo
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Table 1. Characteristics of city sl
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Table 4. Amount of the rainfall dur
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ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
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maize had a density of 5 plants/m 2
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CONCLUSIONS In terms of productivit
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amino acids, such as 4-hydroxyisole
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Table 5. Determining chlorophyll pi
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PROPOSALS ON TECHNOLOGY OF MOVING A
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These are the main technical charac
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FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHA
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Climate change effects and Dobrogea
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Figure 10. Pure culture of benefici
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MANAGEMENT OF BENEFICIAL MICROORGAN
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microorganisms DSMZ Braunschweig -
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Protocol of research and reporting
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“HERBAL MEDNET” AN INNOVATIVE A
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Figure 2. Value of global herbal ma
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Figure 3. The Allelopathy effect on
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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWA
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Research was also aimed at observin
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Leaf production of dry matter per h
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cooking oil and jatropha oil (Vonsh
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machines, many different fat extrac
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Table 4. The nutrient content Conte
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Figure 21. Dunaliella salina sp. ch
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for the decline is the growing numb
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Tractor power seemed the obvious wa
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Figure 4 shows that in 17 post war
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their employability, help raise the
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. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agro
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through the sprinkler irrigation. A
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Figure 5. Overlapping sprinklers wi
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGROMETEOROLOGIC
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Bulgaria to the use of agroclimatic
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Figure 9. Duration of the period so
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Figure 18. Evapotranspiration of wi
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS After scari
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The influence of the texture on the
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Figure 6. Area of land planted with
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APPLIED BIOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL SCI
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Researches we
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RESEARCHES REGARDING EVOLUTION OF S
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gradually reduce towards the end of
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According to that, the aspect of th
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etween classes of variation with ma
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Table 2. Average heights of Lycium
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V 1 V 2 Table 6. Average shoot leng
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Table 13. Average dry substance of
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centrifuge (7000 rev/min. during 20
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7, Streptomyces sp. 9, and Streptom
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laboratory of Biology, USAMV Buchar
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SOME NEW SPECIMENS FOR ZOOLOGICAL T
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New reptiles for our teaching colle
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Figure 1. Scatter plot of odontosty
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Table 4. Measurements of Xiphinema
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Malus pumila and P. avium are new h
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- the mean, minimum and maximum mon
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The monthly mean of the flow highli
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longer in balance with the existing
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ecording the encountered plant spec
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Mediterranean (3), Balkan (1), Cent
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Table 3. Segetal species of the Top
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of sugar/flower and the honey poten
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Territorial concentration of mellif
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CONCLUSIONS In Giurgiu County there
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farm (Awake, 1998). Rahman et al. 2
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Table 3 shows that there was a high
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS x, k, r, R
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Figure 3. Us-Pressure Relations of
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