Scientific Papers Series A. Agronomy

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research on L. barbarum is supported by POSDRU/107/1.5/S/76888 project. REFERENCES Amagase H., Farnsworth N.R., 2011. A review of botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, clinical relevance in efficacy and safety of Lycium barbarum fruit (Goji), Food Research Int., 44, p. 1702–1717. Anastasiu P., Negrean G., Pascale G., Litescu S., 2005. Naturalizedand Invasive Ornamental Plants Present In Romanian Flora, Scientific Papers Horticulture, vol. 1 & 2, Ion Ionescu de la Brad Publishing House, p. 621 Cociu V., Oprea S., 1989. Research Methods in Fruit- Tree Breeding, Dacia Publishing, 120 pp. Mencinicopschi Gh., 2010. Goji – Un super aliment, in Plafar, no. 30/ 2010, p. 48-49. Pena A., 1986. Agricultural Genetics – Procedure manual for laboratory works, Nicolae Blcescu Agronomic Institute Publishing, Bucharest, 160 pp. The Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1997. Medicinal Plants in China – A selection of 150 commonly used species, WHO Regional Publications, Western Pacific Series No. 2, p. 169. . 497
Abstract Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LVI, 2013 ISSN 2285-5785; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5793; ISSN Online 2285-5807; ISSN-L 2285-5785 MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIES FROM THE AMARANTHUS GENUS Cveta MOSKOVA University of Forestry, Sofia, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, Bulgaria Corresponding author email: c_moskova@abv.bg Some morphological characteristics of Amaranth species were studied in 2011-2012. The seeds were collected from different agroecological zones of the country - Plovdiv, Sofia and Dobrich regions, from crops of sunflower and maize. Our research has shown that a large number of seeds in 1 g formed Amaranthus hybridus L. (2038), compared with Amaranthus blitoides L. (824). The mass of 1000 seed was higher in Amaranthus blitoides L. (1.47g). The phenological development of Amaranthus hybridus L. and Amaranthus blitoides L. was carried out. The main phenophase of weeds was observed. The study results show that for the whole growing season Amaranthus hybridus L. requires lower temperature sum (1308.0 o ), compared with Amaranthus blitoides L. (1606.5 o ). Key words: A. retroflexus L., A. blitoides L., morphological characteristics, phenological development. INTRODUCTION The species of the Amaranthus genus have some biological and morphological characteristics, which together with their high ecological plasticity and adaptability and short life cycle make them particularly dangerous and competitive to crop plants. They form large seed generation with an extended germination period, and sometimes forms, resistant to some of the commonly used modern herbicides. In the modern agriculture, the fight against the Amaranth species (Amaranthus spp.) is a topical issue and in order to be successful and expedient, it is recommended to study their morphological and bioecological characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Material from the seeds of the two Amaranth species - Amaranthus hybridus L. and Amaranthus blitoides L., collected from different agroecological zones of the country - Plovdiv, Dobrich and Sofia regions from sunflower and maize crops have been used in the present study. The absolute mass of the seeds from the Amaranth species has been determined (Zhalnov et al., 2001). The effective temperature sums for conducting the main phenophases in the weed development have 498 also been determined using the formula (Gyurova and Peev, 1996): t=n(t-B), where t - the sum of the effective temperatures ( o ); n - number of days of a certain period (phase), number; t - average temperature for the period ( o ); B - biological temperature minimum ( o ). The observations for the occurrence of the different pehonphases have been made in sunflower and maize crop stands, where permanent plots of 1 m2 have been marked and the growth of Amaranthus hybridus L. and Amaranthus blitoides L. has been studied. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS According to Dechkov (1979) in the analyses of soil samples in the country, the plow layer (0-25 cm) contains an average of 44 000 weed seeds are present per 1 m 2 . The potential weed infestation with Amaranth species is the highest - 28 000 numbers per m 2 , which represents 64% of the total quantity of weed seeds. The number of seeds in 1 g and the absolute mass of the weed species Amaranthus hybridus L. and Amaranthus blitoides L. have been determined in laboratory conditions. The data is presented in Table 1.
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERS SERIES A. AGRONOM
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University of Agronomic Sciences an
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SUMMARY SOIL SCIENCES Variation of
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A survey study on determination of
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Effects of different nitrogen forms
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Determine the effect of some cultiv
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SOIL SCIENCES
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K + /Na + ratio that ultimately pre
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ZINC POLLUTION OF SOILS LOCATED INT
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as the result of the plant protecti
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OBTAINING OF HUMATE-BASED LIQUID FE
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an 11.6% mass loss and a 145.5 J/g
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mijloc important de fertilizare ech
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collected on 13/09/2012 at the dept
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Table 3. The Influence of mineral f
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CONCLUSIONS The Hybrid rapeseedseed
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Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
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CONCLUSIONS The results have shown
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organic carbon was determined thoug
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THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLING SYSTE
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emerging plant, we recommend using
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at the cellular level of Ni (Bou et
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concentrations in agricultural soil
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Surfaces at the bottom shows higher
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substantial balance that means maxi
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Table 4. Aggregate composition and
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1. The initial parameters of ordina
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Table 8. Modification of the featur
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Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
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the linear correlation coefficient
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CONCLUSIONS For soil polluted with
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50 and 100 mg/kg and appreciated th
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Figure 4. Copper content in soil Fi
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samples collected in northern of fa
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Study areas T
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influenced by heavy metals contamin
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Pankhurst C.E., 1997. Biodeversity
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horizons, color, texture, structure
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From a chemical reaction these soil
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- Organic matter by Tiurin; - pH (H
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Invertebrat
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of moisture in arable layers, incre
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experimentation. The increase of mo
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THE TRANSITION PERIOD TO THE MARKET
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Activity data Activity data comes f
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Figure 2. The decrease of cultivate
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of nitrous oxide. In: Revised 1996
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Laboratory results have been interp
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The air-mass interferes with the ov
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Under these conditions, Moldavian r
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decreased to near wilting coefficie
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CONCLUSIONS Severe drought that aff
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(temperature and soil moisture, air
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primary cultures analyzed, hybrids
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weeding crops during the growing se
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improper drainage and irrigation (G
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Figure 4. Scores plot of the soil s
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Table 1. Cluster analysis of the st
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DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILIZATION RA
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Figure 2. Situation and location of
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Statistical data processing For the
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Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer
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30 m. Regarding the formation and d
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considerably less. These facts are
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Table 2. Hydraulic dimensioning Par
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SPATIAL VARIATION OF PHYSICAL CLAY
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Figure 2. Situation and location of
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esistant to high clay content in th
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CONCLUSIONS Described regularities
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ecome widespread and in order to ea
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Table 3. Results of the analysis of
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COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS FOR TAXONOMY
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Soil types
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underdeveloped cinnamon forest soil
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Figure 8. Content of skeletal fract
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MODEL FOR INVESTIGATION, AMELIORATI
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Characteris
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terrain is in the composition of a
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Such characteristics require the ne
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Australia) with high resolution nit
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some important medicinal plants of
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RFV = [120 / NDF] × [88.9 - (0.779
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average at Viani - Brila County). A
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Figure 1. Dry above-ground biomass
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County) and 30.29% (CERA 270 hybrid
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phenological stages were found to h
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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ainfall were able to have a negativ
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Figure 7. Thermo-hydric stress fact
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In Romania is grown a large assortm
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Mainly vitamin C, E and polyphenols
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soluble compounds with antioxidant
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primarily the water-soluble antioxi
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has a split-split-plot design with
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Kovács B., Gyori Z., Prokisch J.,
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pays off (Mares et al., 2004; Gonz
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Table 3. Tested variants V1 Control
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about the inner value of flora. The
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological ma
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Figure 2. Correlation between prote
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CONCLUSIONS Production and quality
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The following presents several tech
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3. Evolution of total weed number i
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RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF NPK FERT
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Also increase production significan
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In April 2012, the pre-sowing proce
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difference with the hoed control sa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Data about
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Table 7. Proved difference between
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Table 1. Variance analysis experien
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Amongst the three precocity groups,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was car
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to present genetic sources of resis
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REFERENCES Antonova T.S., Araslanov
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Halstedii is necessary to identify
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EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF ASELEC
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to separate the effects of genotype
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INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITION
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In 2012, at NARDI Fundulea, data fr
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parameter from the treated variants
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Table 6. The effectiveness of some
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Table 1. Probability of the meteoro
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At 50% DI in EOF, only a small part
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This was probably due to the specif
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under deficit irrigation. This prov
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Intervals w
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productions from one year to anothe
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epresented by soil ecologization an
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new created ones as a basic conditi
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The highest number of kernels per e
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Table 8. Average weight of thousand
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CONCLUSIONS The drought from the ye
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IWM as appropriate, necessary studi
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100% in the first 6 weeks of growth
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locules boll -1 (0.02), seeds locul
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Bhutto H., Baloch M.J., Yousaf M.,
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Table 4. GCA effects for morpho-yie
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MATERIALS AND METHODS This study wa
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vegetation of each of the swaths, i
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Sudangrass hybrids depending on the
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The parameters of biomass and dry m
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transplanting and ½ applied at fir
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Fertilization Forms Table 2. The me
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growing agricultural farms; evoluti
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In this area, priority must be to p
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soybean seeds are found farms that
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are a better material for haploid i
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Figure 6. Embryo and endosperm mark
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RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE
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Table 1. The influence of seeding d
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Exagone hybrid. Thus, when sown at
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Table 9. The influence of sowing di
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MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to k
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Table 3. Genotype influence on whea
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Romanian varieties from the experim
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Table 2. Efficacy of some fungicide
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ROMANIAN WHEAT - STRATEGIC PRODUCT
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exceeded 2,000 thou ha, and maximum
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Values over 26% wet gluten were det
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effective and can build a significa
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grassland. This method is commonly
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RESULTS REGARDING DROUGHT RESISTANC
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average for this period is 170.6 mm
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Hybrid FAO grupe Table 2. The main
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length has lowest values at the unt
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SECOND GENERATIO
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developed in Dobrudzha Agricultural
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Table 5. Cytological characteristic
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We can see in the table that all li
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Mean compar
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Table 4. Statistical interpretation
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL A
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Improved sunflower hybrids for use
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differences in production to contro
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International Center for Agricultur
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Table 3. Evaluation of Genotypes fo
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Table 1. Characteristics of city sl
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Table 4. Amount of the rainfall dur
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ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
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maize had a density of 5 plants/m 2
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CONCLUSIONS In terms of productivit
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amino acids, such as 4-hydroxyisole
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Table 5. Determining chlorophyll pi
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PROPOSALS ON TECHNOLOGY OF MOVING A
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These are the main technical charac
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FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHA
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Climate change effects and Dobrogea
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Figure 10. Pure culture of benefici
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MANAGEMENT OF BENEFICIAL MICROORGAN
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microorganisms DSMZ Braunschweig -
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Protocol of research and reporting
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“HERBAL MEDNET” AN INNOVATIVE A
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Figure 2. Value of global herbal ma
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Figure 3. The Allelopathy effect on
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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWA
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Research was also aimed at observin
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Leaf production of dry matter per h
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cooking oil and jatropha oil (Vonsh
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machines, many different fat extrac
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Table 4. The nutrient content Conte
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Figure 21. Dunaliella salina sp. ch
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for the decline is the growing numb
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Page 447 and 448: Tractor power seemed the obvious wa
Page 449 and 450: Figure 4 shows that in 17 post war
Page 451 and 452: their employability, help raise the
Page 454 and 455: . Scientific Papers. Series A. Agro
Page 456 and 457: through the sprinkler irrigation. A
Page 458 and 459: Figure 5. Overlapping sprinklers wi
Page 460 and 461: CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGROMETEOROLOGIC
Page 462 and 463: Bulgaria to the use of agroclimatic
Page 464 and 465: Figure 9. Duration of the period so
Page 466 and 467: Figure 18. Evapotranspiration of wi
Page 468 and 469: Scientific Papers. Series A. Agrono
Page 470 and 471: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS After scari
Page 472 and 473: The influence of the texture on the
Page 474 and 475: Figure 6. Area of land planted with
Page 476: APPLIED BIOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL SCI
Page 479 and 480: MATERIALS AND METHODS Researches we
Page 481 and 482: RESEARCHES REGARDING EVOLUTION OF S
Page 483 and 484: gradually reduce towards the end of
Page 487 and 488: According to that, the aspect of th
Page 489 and 490: etween classes of variation with ma
Page 491 and 492: Abstract Scientific Papers. Series
Page 493 and 494: Table 2. Average heights of Lycium
Page 495 and 496: V 1 V 2 Table 6. Average shoot leng
Page 497: Table 13. Average dry substance of
Page 503 and 504: centrifuge (7000 rev/min. during 20
Page 505 and 506: 7, Streptomyces sp. 9, and Streptom
Page 507 and 508: laboratory of Biology, USAMV Buchar
Page 509 and 510: SOME NEW SPECIMENS FOR ZOOLOGICAL T
Page 511 and 512: New reptiles for our teaching colle
Page 516 and 517: Figure 1. Scatter plot of odontosty
Page 518 and 519: Table 4. Measurements of Xiphinema
Page 520 and 521: Malus pumila and P. avium are new h
Page 522 and 523: - the mean, minimum and maximum mon
Page 524 and 525: The monthly mean of the flow highli
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Page 528 and 529: ecording the encountered plant spec
Page 530 and 531: Mediterranean (3), Balkan (1), Cent
Page 532 and 533: Table 3. Segetal species of the Top
Page 536 and 537: of sugar/flower and the honey poten
Page 538 and 539: Territorial concentration of mellif
Page 540 and 541: CONCLUSIONS In Giurgiu County there
Page 542 and 543: farm (Awake, 1998). Rahman et al. 2
Page 544 and 545: Table 3 shows that there was a high
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS x, k, r, R
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Figure 3. Us-Pressure Relations of
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