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INDEX 469 Diminazene aceturate (Berenil), 422 Dipetalonema vitae, 326 Diphyllobothrium dendriticum: chemotherapy, 388 tegument, 299 Diphyllobothrium latum, 459 Diplomonads, 125, 283 Dipylidium caninum: chemotherapy, 389, 459 neurophysiology: acetylcholine, 387 5-hydroxytryptamine, 390 Dirofilaria immitis: immune evasion, 327 inorganic ion transport, 320 proteolytic enzymes, 179 purine metabolism, 217 Disaccharidases, 330 DNA base J (-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyl uracil), 100, 103 DNA-based diagnostic procedures, 429 Domoic acid, 373 Dopamine, 360, 378 cestode/trematode neurotransmission, 390–1 structure, 362 Double-stranded RNA-mediated gene knockouts (RNAi; RNA interference), 18 DoxA2, 16 Doxycycline, 442, 444 dpy-18, 315 Drosophila melanogaster: DoxA2, 16 genome size, 4, 20 Drug resistance, see Chemotherapeutic agents dyf, 376 Dyhydropteroate synthase inhibitors, 407 eat-6, 332 Echinococcus,26 Echinococcus granulosus: chemotherapy, 388, 459, 460 inorganic ion transport, 301 Echinococcus multilocularis, 459 EF-hand calcium-binding proteins, 252–5 EFH5/CUB, 252–3 Eflornithine, 414, 419, 448–9, 450 mode of action, 448 resistance, 420–1 egl-21, 334 Eh-CPp1, 175 Eh-CPp2, 175 EhCaBP, 253 Eimeria: drug resistance, 412 energy metabolism, 155 carbohydrate storage, 166 genome, 21 glycolytic enzymes, 158 proteolytic enzymes, 177 purine transport, 203 Eimeria tenella: carbohydrate storage, 166 glycolytic enzymes, 159 mannitol cycle, 166, 168 purine metabolism, 212 pyrimidine metabolism, 220 Electrophysiological recordings, 364 Elongation factor-1 (EF-1), 252 Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway: amitochondriate organisms, 127, 128–33 Plasmodium falciparum, 156, 158–60 Trypanosomatidae, 140–9 Emetine resistance, 426 Encephalitozoon, 283 Encephalitozoon cuniculi, 125 Endopeptidases, see Proteinases Endoplasmic reticulum, Ca 2 metabolism, 245–8 Ca 2 release channels, 247–8 Ca 2 sequestration mechanisms, 246–7 calcium binding proteins, 245 phospholipid metabolite regulation, 247–8 stored Ca 2 functions, 245 Endosymbiosis theory, 277–9, 282–3 modification, 285–6 Endotrypanum, 229 Endotrypanum monterogeii, 192 Endotrypanum schaudinni, 235–6 Energy metabolism: amitochondriate organisms, see Amitochondriate organisms Apicomplexa, 154–69 endosymbiosis theory, 278 helminths, 339–55 developmental changes, 353–5 hydrogenosomes, 284 mitochondria, 280–2 Trypanosomatidae, see Trypanosomatids Enolase, 130 trypanosomes, 148
470 INDEX Entamoeba, 125 Ca 2 metabolism, 242, 243, 245 calcium-binding proteins, 252 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, 268 Entamoeba dispar: amino acid metabolism, 188 proteolytic enzymes, 181 Entamoeba histolytica, 125, 397, 425–6, 437 adenosine transport, 206 amino acid metabolism, 185, 187, 188, 193 transport, 173 amitochondriate state, 282 Ca 2 metabolism, 248 calcium signaling, 255 calcium-binding proteins, 253 chemotherapy, 426, 438, 453–4 nitroimidazoles resistance, 135 energy metabolism, 128, 130, 134, 136 subcellular organization, 127 genome, 22 invasion process, 255 proteolytic enzymes, 173, 175, 181 purine metabolism, 216–17 pyrimidine metabolism, 222 11S proteasome, 178 20S proteasome, 177 transcription: -amanitin-resistant, 49 class II protein coding genes, 57–8 Entamoeba invadens: calcium metabolism, 250 proteasome, 177, 180 Entamoebids, 125 Enterobius vermicularis, 456 Enterocytozoon bieneusi, 456 Enterocytozoon intestinalis, 456 Enzymatic post-transcriptional RNA processing, 69 EP: mRNA translation/degradation, 81–3 transcription regulation, 73, 78, 79 EP-procyclins, 227, 228 Epicuticle, 312–13, 314 Equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs), 200 Erythrocyte glucose uptake, 157 ESAG (expression site-associated genes), 97 encoded proteins, 99 ESAG4, 260 ESAG6, 101, 102 ESAG7, 101, 102 Esterase, 329 Eugeloids, 31 Eukaryote genome size, 4 Europlus, 322 Evolutionary aspects: amitochondriate organisms, 282–4 energy metabolism, 136–7 glycosomes, 152 plastids, 287 RNA trans-splicing, 30–2 Excretion, nematodes, 323–6 Exopeptidases, 173 Exosome, 72 Expressed sequence tags (EST), 8–10 analysis, 15–16 parasitic organism datasets, 9 Falcilysin, 177, 179, 180 Falcipain, 179, 180 Falcipain 1, 175 Falcipain 2, 175 Falcipain inhibitors, 181 FaRPs, see FMRFamide-related peptides Fasciola gigantica, 222 Fasciola hepatica: amino acid catabolism, 183 chemotherapy, 458, 459 developmental biology, 309 energy metabolism, 344, 345, 350, 352, 355 gastrodermis, 309, 310 inorganic ion transport, 308, 310 neurophysiology: acetylcholine, 387 dopamine, 391 5-hydroxytryptamine, 390 noradrenaline, 390 nutrient absorption, 306, 310 proteolytic enzymes, 178 tegument, 303, 305, 306 Fasciolopsis buski, 458 Fatty acid carrier-mediated transport, 300 FCaBP, 253 Ferredoxin NAD oxidoreductase, 131 Ferredoxins, 133 nitroimidazole mechanism of action, 135, 284 Ferritin mRNA translational control, 70 Flame cell (protonephridial) system, 303, 311 flp genes, 382, 383 Fluconazole, 423 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): karyotype analysis, 7 physical genome mapping, 7, 8
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Molecular Medical Parasitology
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Molecular Medical Parasitology Edit
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Contents List of contributors Prefa
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List of contributors Mark Blaxter,
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ix Richard. J.
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Preface Parasitology was born as th
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S E C T I O N I MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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C H A P T E R 1 Parasite genomics M
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TABLE 1.1 Parasite genomes: genome
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GENERATING GENOMICS DATA 7 differen
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GENERATING GENOMICS DATA 9 TABLE 1.
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GENERATING GENOMICS DATA 11 called
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GENERATING GENOMICS DATA 13 200 000
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BIOINFORMATICS AND THE ANALYSIS OF
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THE POST-GENOMICS ERA, AND THE OTHE
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THE PARASITES AND THEIR GENOMES 19
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FURTHER READING 27 treated with a d
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C H A P T E R 2 RNA processing in p
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TRANS-SPLICING 31 cis trans Exon 1
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TRANS-SPLICING 33 snRNPs (small nuc
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TRANS-SPLICING 35 trans cis U2AF35
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RNA EDITING 37 P AAAA... AAAA... AA
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RNA EDITING 39 entire transcript re
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RNA EDITING 41 5 Editing block C Ed
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RNA EDITING 43 microscopy) approach
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FURTHER READING 45 Nilsen, T.W. (19
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C H A P T E R 3 Transcription Arthu
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UNUSUAL MODES OF TRANSCRIPTION IN T
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CLASS I TRANSCRIPTION IN TRYPANOSOM
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CLASS II TRANSCRIPTION OF PROTEIN C
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SL RNA AND U snRNA GENE TRANSCRIPTI
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FURTHER READING 65 and switching in
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C H A P T E R 4 Post-transcriptiona
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POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION IN
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FURTHER READING 87 inhibition, it m
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C H A P T E R 5 Antigenic variation
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ANTIGENIC VARIATION AT THE STRUCTUR
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ANTIGENIC VARIATION AT THE STRUCTUR
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VSG Signal sequence Amino-terminal
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GENETICS OF ANTIGENIC VARIATION 97
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IMMUNE RESPONSES TO TRYPANOSOME INF
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INNATE RESISTANCE, HUMAN SUSCEPTIBI
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ANTIGENIC VARIATION IN MALARIA 107
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FURTHER READING 109 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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C H A P T E R 6 Genetic and genomic
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‘FORWARD’ VS. ‘REVERSE’ GEN
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EXAMPLES OF ‘FORWARD’ GENETIC A
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EXAMPLES OF ‘FORWARD’ GENETIC A
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REVERSE GENETICS AND LEISHMANIA VIR
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VALIDATION OF CANDIDATE VIRULENCE G
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S E C T I O N II BIOCHEMISTRY AND C
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C H A P T E R 7 Energy metabolism P
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SUBCELLULAR ORGANIZATION OF AMITOCH
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CELL MEMBRANE Fructose [b] Glucose
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STEPS OF AMITOCHONDRIATE CORE METAB
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ENZYMATIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AMITO
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ACTION OF NITROIMIDAZOLE DRUGS 135
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ENVOI 137 unambiguously reflect the
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FURTHER READING 139 Saavedra-Lira,
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THE EMBDEN-MEYERHOF-PARNAS (EMP) PA
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WHY DO TRYPANOSOMATIDAE HAVE GLYCOS
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FURTHER READING 153 for use in agri
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CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 155 as a hu
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158 ENERGY METABOLISM - APICOMPLEXA
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172 PROTEIN METABOLISM PROTEINS (1)
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174 PROTEIN METABOLISM the C-termin
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176 PROTEIN METABOLISM and also, to
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178 PROTEIN METABOLISM values rangi
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180 PROTEIN METABOLISM of the plasm
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182 PROTEIN METABOLISM in vivo, in
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184 PROTEIN METABOLISM PROLINE Poly
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186 PROTEIN METABOLISM CO 2 Dec-SAM
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188 PROTEIN METABOLISM a cMDH has b
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190 PROTEIN METABOLISM Urea ARGININ
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192 PROTEIN METABOLISM been describ
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194 PROTEIN METABOLISM absence of g
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198 PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES enable
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200 PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES provide
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202 PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES activit
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204 PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES physiol
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206 PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES Amitoch
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208 PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES their a
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210 PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES FIGURE
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214 PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES protein
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220 PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES in Plas
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222 PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES whereas
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226 TRYPANOSOMATID CARBOHYDRATES AF
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228 TRYPANOSOMATID CARBOHYDRATES In
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230 TRYPANOSOMATID CARBOHYDRATES po
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232 TRYPANOSOMATID CARBOHYDRATES LP
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234 TRYPANOSOMATID CARBOHYDRATES re
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236 TRYPANOSOMATID CARBOHYDRATES sc
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A. sAP COOH [T][T](S/T)(S/T)(S/T)SS
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240 TRYPANOSOMATID CARBOHYDRATES Cr
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242 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING protein
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244 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING FIGURE
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246 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING 212.5 2
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248 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING cycle.
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250 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING V-H -A
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252 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING domain)
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254 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING the kno
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256 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING from in
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258 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING FIGURE
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260 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING ESAG4 (
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262 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING and ind
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264 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING ATPase
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266 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING G11XG
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268 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING a diffe
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270 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING rapid l
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272 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING cells w
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274 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PfPPJ i
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276 INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING is cont
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278 PLASTIDS, MITOCHONDRIA, AND HYD
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298 HELMINTH SURFACES Important exc
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300 HELMINTH SURFACES protease inhi
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302 HELMINTH SURFACES volume, there
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304 HELMINTH SURFACES projecting si
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306 HELMINTH SURFACES schistosome t
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308 HELMINTH SURFACES re-establish
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310 HELMINTH SURFACES hepatic cells
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312 HELMINTH SURFACES lungs. Larvae
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314 HELMINTH SURFACES cuticle, whic
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316 HELMINTH SURFACES cuticle in th
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318 HELMINTH SURFACES mec-8 or sym-
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320 HELMINTH SURFACES current, when
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322 HELMINTH SURFACES The cuticle-h
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324 HELMINTH SURFACES are typically
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326 HELMINTH SURFACES or carrier pr
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328 HELMINTH SURFACES of tyrosine-b
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330 HELMINTH SURFACES blood. The ge
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332 HELMINTH SURFACES Mutations in
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334 HELMINTH SURFACES in the hypode
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336 HELMINTH SURFACES (including H-
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338 HELMINTH SURFACES Blaxter, M.L.
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340 ENERGY METABOLISM IN HELMINTHS
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360 NEUROTRANSMITTERS CO 2 H NH 2 G
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362 NEUROTRANSMITTERS TABLE 15.1 An
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364 NEUROTRANSMITTERS more arms tha
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366 NEUROTRANSMITTERS the surroundi
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368 NEUROTRANSMITTERS proteins requ
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370 NEUROTRANSMITTERS FIGURE 15.11
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372 NEUROTRANSMITTERS FIGURE 15.13
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374 NEUROTRANSMITTERS sensitivity t
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376 NEUROTRANSMITTERS TABLE 15.3 Cl
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378 NEUROTRANSMITTERS crossed the c
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380 NEUROTRANSMITTERS have been tes
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382 NEUROTRANSMITTERS C-terminals a
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384 NEUROTRANSMITTERS Davis and Str
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386 NEUROTRANSMITTERS Cephalic gang
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388 NEUROTRANSMITTERS myoexcitation
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390 NEUROTRANSMITTERS is phosphoryl
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392 NEUROTRANSMITTERS many other an
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398 DRUG RESISTANCE of some of the
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400 DRUG RESISTANCE It is now estim
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402 DRUG RESISTANCE is again assume
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404 DRUG RESISTANCE An alternative
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406 DRUG RESISTANCE clinical eviden
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408 DRUG RESISTANCE FIGURE 16.4 Fol
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410 DRUG RESISTANCE Using similar s
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412 DRUG RESISTANCE whether these r
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414 DRUG RESISTANCE FIGURE 16.5 Str
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416 DRUG RESISTANCE FIGURE 16.6 Try
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Page 433 and 434: 420 DRUG RESISTANCE FIGURE 16.7 Dru
Page 435 and 436: 422 DRUG RESISTANCE near future. Th
Page 437 and 438: 424 DRUG RESISTANCE million new inf
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Page 441 and 442: 428 DRUG RESISTANCE pharynx, the bo
Page 443 and 444: 430 DRUG RESISTANCE efforts for glo
Page 445 and 446: 432 DRUG RESISTANCE and resistance
Page 447 and 448: 434 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS TABLE 17.1
Page 449 and 450: 436 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS TABLE 17.1
Page 451 and 452: 438 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS transmissi
Page 453 and 454: 440 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS H 2 C H H
Page 455 and 456: 442 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS parasites
Page 457 and 458: 444 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS neuropsych
Page 459 and 460: 446 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS of toxic f
Page 461 and 462: 448 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS Future con
Page 463 and 464: 450 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS Melarsopro
Page 465 and 466: 452 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS prevention
Page 467 and 468: 454 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS resulting
Page 469 and 470: 456 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS for S. ste
Page 471 and 472: 458 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS are though
Page 473 and 474: 460 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS FIGURE 17.
Page 475 and 476: 462 MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS Marr, J.J.
Page 477 and 478: 464 INDEX Aldolase, 143 Plasmodium
Page 479 and 480: 466 INDEX Ascofuranone, 143 ASCUT-1
Page 481: 468 INDEX Cnidarians, RNA trans-spl
Page 485 and 486: 472 INDEX Glucose-6-phosphate dehyd
Page 487 and 488: 474 INDEX Ivermectin, 398, 427, 455
Page 489 and 490: 476 INDEX Maduramicin, 412 Major va
Page 491 and 492: 478 INDEX Nitric oxide: neurotransm
Page 493 and 494: 480 INDEX calcium-binding proteins,
Page 495 and 496: 482 INDEX Pyrimidine transport, 200
Page 497 and 498: 484 INDEX Succinate:rhodoquinone ox
Page 499 and 500: 486 INDEX genome, 21 survey sequenc
Page 501: 488 INDEX U small nuclear RNA (snRN
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