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Bibliography Ackerman, John M. 2004a. Social Accountability for the Public Sector: A Conceptual Discussion. Washington, DC: World Bank. ---. 2004b. “Co-Governance for Accountability: Beyond Exit and Voice.” World Development. 32 (3): 447–63. ---. 2004c. State-Society Synergy for Accountability: Lessons for the World Bank. Washington, DC: World Bank. Amarsanaa, J. 2000. Assessment of the Mongolian Law on Non-Governmental Organizations. Ulaanbaatar: National Legal Centre. Amnesty International. 2003. Mongolia. www.amnesty.org. Arroyo, Dennis. 2004. Summary Paper on Stocktaking of Social Accountability Initiatives in Asia and Pacific (draft). Washington, DC: World Bank. Article 19. 2002. Memorandum on the Law of Mongolia on Public Radio and Television. London: Article 19. ---. 2003. Memorandum on the Law of Mongolia on Freedom of Information. London: Article 19. --- and Globe International. 2002. Report on Media Law Reform in Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian Foundation for Open Society. Asian Development Bank.1997. Governance: Promoting Sound Development Management. Manila: Asian Development Bank. ---. 2002. Mongolia’s Environment, Implications for ADB Operations. Manila: Asian Development Bank. ---. 2003a. Capacity Building for Integrated Regional Development. Manila: Asian Development Bank. ---. 2003b. Program Completion Report on the Education Sector Development Program in Mongolia. Manila: Asian Development Bank. ---. 2004a. Governance: Progress and Challenges in Mongolia. Manila: Asian Development Bank. ---. 2004b. Legal Empowerment in Mongolia: Mongolia Country Study Asia Regional Report Overview. Manila: Asian Development Bank. The Asia Foundation. 2000. “Financial Sustainability of Local Non-Governmental Organizations.” Notes from seminar, September 2000. Ulaanbaatar. ---. 2003a. Annual Report. www.asiafoundation.org. ---. 2003b. Narrative Report and Minutes of Civil Society Review Round Table Discussion. August 14- 15, Ulaanbaatar. 143
---. 2004a. Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar: Asia Foundation. ---. 2004b. Mongolia’s Legal Empowerment Country Paper. www.asiafoundation.org. ---. 2004c. Ongi River Movement Program: Only Local Community Can Save the River. Concept paper. Ulaanbaatar: The Asia Foundation. ---. 2005. Strengthening Legislative Research and Analysis Capacity of Mongolia’s State Great Khural. Ulaanbaatar: The Asia Foundation. Barsbold, U. 2002. Ministerial Order: Taking Actions Relating to Ongi River. 19 (January 22). Batnasan, N. 2003. Freshwater Issues in Mongolia. Proceeding of the National Seminar on IRBM. 53–61. Ulaanbaatar, Sept. 24-25. Bruun, Ole, and Ole Odgaard. 1996. Mongolia in Transition. Richmond, U.K.: Curzon Press, Ltd. Bures, Oldrich. 1980. Mongolia and its Mass Media. Prague: International Organization of Journalists. Center for Citizenship Education, and Liberal Women’s Brain Pool. 2000. Mongolian NGOs’ Blueprint for Development. Ulaanbaatar: The Asia Foundation. Center of Mongol Management Company, Ltd. 2004. Research Report on Fiscal Decentralization. RFP: 3657 MOG/2020-04VG. Ulaanbaatar. Certificate of ORM as an NGO. December 11, 2001. Chuluun, D. “Erel and Seligadar Mongolia Stopped their Gold Extractions.” Zuuni Medee. April 20, 2002. Chuluunbaatar, G., Advisor to Speaker, Chancellery Office of Parliament of Mongolia. 2002. Letter to U. Barsbold, Minister of Nature and Environment. 4 (651, September 13). CIVICUS. 2001. Using the Civil Society Index: Assessing the Health of Civil Society: A handbook for using the CIVICUS Index on Civil Society as a Self-Assessment Tool. Johannesburg, South Africa: World Alliance for Citizen Participation, www.civicus.org. ---. 2006. Civil Society Index Country Report. Preliminary draft. January. Commonwealth Foundation, and CIVICUS. 1999. Citizens and Governance. London: Commonwealth Foundation. Communication Regulatory Commission. 2002. Procedure to Issue Special License (broadcasting, airing). Ulaanbaatar. Dung, Alison, Batjargal Ayush, Bolormaa Tsetgee, and Tumerdelger Sengedorj. 2006. Mongolia. Document and international report on education received from the Mongolian Education Alliance, Ulaanbaatar. Economist Intelligence Unit. 2006. Country Profile: Mongolia. London.
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Report No. 32584-MN The Enabling En
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Table of Contents Acronyms ........
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Boxes: Box 2.1.1 Proposed Changes t
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Preface This study on “The Enabli
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of civic engagement, namely, the ab
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Part I. Introduction 1.1 DEFINITION
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further and recognizes other types
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as resources. 13 The quantitative c
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parliamentary elections demonstrate
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As figure 2.1.2 clearly illustrates
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The Constitution also guarantees th
Page 24 and 25:
ise of mass pro-democracy movements
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preferences of funders. This has le
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Recommendations: 1) The Ministry of
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PART III - Assessment of the Enabli
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and operations, or demand elections
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conferences and workshops, to more
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Capacity Building Program,” indep
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Efforts to transform the state broa
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2) Given the culture and norms that
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Figure 3.3.1 Frequency of CSO Reque
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Box 3.3.1 Women for Social Progress
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These bureaucratic delays highlight
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Other ways for CSOs to generate alt
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development initiatives become more
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Box 3.4.1 The Community Scorecard:
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Negotiation also ensures that legis
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Although the Environmental Impact A
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Part IV—Conclusion This study on
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4.2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMME
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Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
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Currently, the NCAV works in six se
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Mongolian Federation of Senior Citi
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are reluctant to assume full respon
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FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: NATIO
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WSP-UV’s coordinator remains in c
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program officer, the methodology us
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critical role in promoting social a
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Annex 3: Social Accountability and
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khural chairs who served on the ORM
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is inadequate. Part of the problem
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plans, but there was no follow-up a
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Recommendation: Effective CSO colla
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wide mandate to manage and monitor
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Ulaanbaatar, asking them to identif
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Moreover, after a World Bank Superv
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Annex 5. Mongolian Media: Overview
Page 104 and 105: they would be unlikely to do so. CR
Page 106 and 107: discussion below), the director of
Page 108 and 109: Social and cultural considerations
Page 110 and 111: Findings and Recommendations: Mongo
Page 112 and 113: Annex 6. Survey of Civil Society Or
Page 114 and 115: How frequently has your organizatio
Page 116 and 117: Computer 95% up to 40 computers, 21
Page 118 and 119: No response 1% BB1. If you have req
Page 120 and 121: KK. Over the last year, how frequen
Page 122 and 123: C. What are the most important soci
Page 124 and 125: L. How much influence do citizens h
Page 126 and 127: U. Are most civil society organizat
Page 128 and 129: Annex 8. Stakeholders’ Map CSO NA
Page 130 and 131: CSO NAME Gandan Monastery Gandantse
Page 132 and 133: CSO NAME Liberal Women’s Brain Po
Page 134 and 135: CSO NAME Mongolian Information Netw
Page 136 and 137: CSO NAME Ongi River Movement (ORM)
Page 138 and 139: CSO NAME Press Institute Red Cross
Page 140 and 141: CSO NAME Women For Social Progress,
Page 142 and 143: AFFILIATION State Great Khural (Par
Page 144 and 145: AFFILIATION Mineral Resource and Pe
Page 146 and 147: AFFILIATION National Legal Center (
Page 148 and 149: AFFILIATION Mongolian Radio and TV
Page 150 and 151: AFFILIATION UNDP UNICEF CONTACT ANN
Page 152 and 153: AFFILIATION Mercy Corps CONTACT ANN
Page 156 and 157: Finch, Christopher. 2002. “Mongol
Page 158 and 159: ---. 2004. Rural Government Procure
Page 160 and 161: National University of Mongolia. 20
Page 162 and 163: UNDP. 2001. A Strategy for Poverty
Page 164: Zorig Foundation. 2004. “Monitori
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