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4.2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (CONTINUED) FINDINGS 3.4.4. Forums created by CSOs play a critical role in civic engagement and social accountability. RECOMMENDATIONS Policy, Legal, & Institutional Reform and Capacity Building Regulatory CSOs Public Officials Other: Media, Donors Reform * With initial technical and financial support from INGOs and donors, CSOs should develop forums to meet other stakeholders, such as the trilateral conferences organized by the WSP-Uvorkhangai, which could be supplemented by interim communication through various mechanisms (for example, a common list serve or Web site). 59
Annex 1. Social Accountability and Legal Advocacy: The National Center Against Violence 53 BRINGING A SOCIAL PROBLEM OUT OF THE SHADOWS The National Center Against Violence was initially founded in 1995 by three Mongolian women’s organizations: the Liberal Women’s Brain Pool, Women for Social Progress, and the Women Lawyers’ Association (WLA). At that time it was known as the Center Against Violence (CAV). After CAV became an autonomous organization, it reregistered with the Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs as the National Center Against Violence in January 1998. During this early period, domestic violence (DV) was a concept that was unknown in Mongolian society; there was little information about or discussion of the widespread abuse of Mongolian women and children. The founding of the Center was an important step to bring DV out of the shadows so that both its symptoms and causes could be legally and socially addressed. The NCAV’s initial mission was twofold: to provide legal and psychological counseling and shelter to victims, and to educate the government and the public on domestic violence. As a result of an internal reassessment in 2002, the NCAV realized that its fight against DV must include the transformation of social structures. To achieve its mission, the NCAV attempts to: 1) raise public awareness and shape the social mindset so that DV is no longer tolerated; 2) build a legal framework that effectively prevents and ultimately eliminates violence; and 3) develop a social protection system that overcomes the consequences of violence (NCAV 2005). Whereas the motto of the organization is “a human life free from violence,” the central message in both their public awareness campaign and legal advocacy has been that “DV is not just a private issue,” thus requiring the intervention of both Mongolian civil society and the government. The NCAV is governed by a seven-member board, which includes representatives from the Ministry of Social Welfare and Labor (MSWL), the Parliamentary Secretariat, the Ulaanbaatar Citizen Representatives’ Khural, the UB Police Department, and associations of women, children, and the elderly. Representatives of elderly Mongolians are included on the NCAV board as one in four Mongolians over the age of 50 is a victim of DV. This statistic is nearly as high as the number for Mongolian women (one in three) who suffer from DV (NCAV et al. 2003; NCAV and TAF 2003). 54 More than 20 donors, mostly international, including the embassies and aid agencies of the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Germany, Sweden, and Australia, have provided financial assistance to NCAV in its efforts against DV. Four Mongolian donors, both governmental and nongovernmental, have also contributed to the NCAV: the MSWL, the Poverty Alleviation Program Office, the Mongolian Women’s Fund, and the National AIDS Foundation. Significant and diverse international funding has allowed the NCAV to pursue legal advocacy and provide services to victims that the GoM has not been able to provide (Finding NCAV-1). 53 Research for this case study was conducted primarily by Oyuna Baasanjav, Gender and Participation Specialist, World Bank-Mongolia. 54 In 1995, a survey involving 5,000 respondents was jointly conducted by the NCAV and the Ministry of Population Policy and Labor. In 1998, another survey involving 3,000 respondents was jointly conducted by the NCAV and the Center for Training and Research for the Population at the National University of Mongolia. In 2003, a survey of 1,000 elderly Mongolians was jointly conducted by the NCAV and the Federation of Senior Citizens (NCAV and TAF 2003).
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Report No. 32584-MN The Enabling En
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Table of Contents Acronyms ........
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Boxes: Box 2.1.1 Proposed Changes t
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Preface This study on “The Enabli
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of civic engagement, namely, the ab
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Part I. Introduction 1.1 DEFINITION
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further and recognizes other types
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as resources. 13 The quantitative c
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parliamentary elections demonstrate
Page 20 and 21: As figure 2.1.2 clearly illustrates
Page 22 and 23: The Constitution also guarantees th
Page 24 and 25: ise of mass pro-democracy movements
Page 26 and 27: preferences of funders. This has le
Page 28 and 29: Recommendations: 1) The Ministry of
Page 30 and 31: PART III - Assessment of the Enabli
Page 32 and 33: and operations, or demand elections
Page 34 and 35: conferences and workshops, to more
Page 36 and 37: Capacity Building Program,” indep
Page 38 and 39: Efforts to transform the state broa
Page 40 and 41: 2) Given the culture and norms that
Page 42 and 43: Figure 3.3.1 Frequency of CSO Reque
Page 44 and 45: Box 3.3.1 Women for Social Progress
Page 46 and 47: These bureaucratic delays highlight
Page 48 and 49: Other ways for CSOs to generate alt
Page 50 and 51: development initiatives become more
Page 52 and 53: Box 3.4.1 The Community Scorecard:
Page 54 and 55: Negotiation also ensures that legis
Page 56 and 57: Although the Environmental Impact A
Page 58 and 59: Part IV—Conclusion This study on
Page 60 and 61: 4.2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMME
Page 72 and 73: Currently, the NCAV works in six se
Page 74 and 75: Mongolian Federation of Senior Citi
Page 76 and 77: are reluctant to assume full respon
Page 78 and 79: FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: NATIO
Page 80 and 81: WSP-UV’s coordinator remains in c
Page 82 and 83: program officer, the methodology us
Page 84 and 85: critical role in promoting social a
Page 86 and 87: Annex 3: Social Accountability and
Page 88 and 89: khural chairs who served on the ORM
Page 90 and 91: is inadequate. Part of the problem
Page 92 and 93: plans, but there was no follow-up a
Page 94 and 95: Recommendation: Effective CSO colla
Page 96 and 97: wide mandate to manage and monitor
Page 98 and 99: Ulaanbaatar, asking them to identif
Page 100 and 101: Moreover, after a World Bank Superv
Page 102 and 103: Annex 5. Mongolian Media: Overview
Page 104 and 105: they would be unlikely to do so. CR
Page 106 and 107: discussion below), the director of
Page 108 and 109: Social and cultural considerations
Page 110 and 111: Findings and Recommendations: Mongo
Page 112 and 113: Annex 6. Survey of Civil Society Or
Page 114 and 115: How frequently has your organizatio
Page 116 and 117: Computer 95% up to 40 computers, 21
Page 118 and 119: No response 1% BB1. If you have req
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KK. Over the last year, how frequen
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C. What are the most important soci
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L. How much influence do citizens h
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U. Are most civil society organizat
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Annex 8. Stakeholders’ Map CSO NA
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CSO NAME Gandan Monastery Gandantse
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CSO NAME Liberal Women’s Brain Po
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CSO NAME Mongolian Information Netw
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CSO NAME Ongi River Movement (ORM)
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CSO NAME Press Institute Red Cross
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CSO NAME Women For Social Progress,
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AFFILIATION State Great Khural (Par
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AFFILIATION Mineral Resource and Pe
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AFFILIATION National Legal Center (
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AFFILIATION Mongolian Radio and TV
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AFFILIATION UNDP UNICEF CONTACT ANN
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AFFILIATION Mercy Corps CONTACT ANN
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Bibliography Ackerman, John M. 2004
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Finch, Christopher. 2002. “Mongol
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---. 2004. Rural Government Procure
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National University of Mongolia. 20
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UNDP. 2001. A Strategy for Poverty
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Zorig Foundation. 2004. “Monitori
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