Total Quality Management - CII Institute of Logistics

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Total Quality Management Your goal should be to demonstrate that your job is operating in a stable manner. When the assignable causes have all been corrected, the variation in your products is due only to chance causes. When your operation is stable, then - and only then - can you know with confidence what your quality level is. When your operation is stable, your productivity and quality are the best they can be with your process. Statistical methods of quality control give you a way to picture and control quality through the use of these "tools of quality". 1. The histogram or frequency distribution 2. The control chart THE HISTOGRAM OR FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION In many families it is a custom to have a picture taken each year. Just as a family picture is a snapshot of a group of people, the histogram is a "snapshot" of a group of parts from a manufacturing operation. It shows how a process is operating at a given time. A histogram is simple to construct. It is nothing more than a frequency distribution put into block form. Let's just say we want a picture of the diameters of 100 bushings being machined on a lathe. By the end of our check, the frequency distribution might be as it is shown in Figure 4.6. Putting this distribution into graphic form produces the histogram shown in Figure 4.7. Like the family picture, each histogram has a story to tell. SPE C. x x x CII Institute of Logistics 74 Website: www.ciilogistics.com
Total Quality Management x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Figure 4.6 Frequency Distribution Three questions can be answered by a quick look at the pattern of the histogram: 1. Is the process producing parts to the bell-shaped curve? 2. Where is the process centered? 3. Is the process capable of meeting the engineering specification? CII Institute of Logistics 75 Website: www.ciilogistics.com
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Total Quality Management - CII Institute of Logistics

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