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Total Quality Management - CII Institute of Logistics

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<strong>Total</strong> <strong>Quality</strong> <strong>Management</strong><br />

small. Here, the theory <strong>of</strong> probability has given us certain results, which are <strong>of</strong> use in the<br />

consideration <strong>of</strong> our decision.<br />

Key Terms used in Sampling Inspection<br />

Operating Characteristic Curve (OC)<br />

This curve depicts the probability <strong>of</strong> acceptance for various values <strong>of</strong> proportion<br />

defective. A typical diagram is given below:<br />

PROBABILITY OF ACCEPTANCE<br />

PA<br />

1.0<br />

0.95<br />

0.5<br />

0.1<br />

PRODUCERS RISK<br />

CONSUMERS RISK<br />

0<br />

AQL<br />

INDIFFERENCE QUALITY<br />

Proportion Defective (p)<br />

Producer's Risk<br />

This is the probability <strong>of</strong> rejecting a lot whose proportion defective is equal to the<br />

AQL (Acceptance <strong>Quality</strong> Level). Generally AQL is define as the value <strong>of</strong> proportion<br />

defective for which the probability <strong>of</strong> acceptance is 0.95. This implies that in practice,<br />

producer's risk is fixed at 0.05 (5%).<br />

Consumer's Risk<br />

This is the probability <strong>of</strong> acceptance <strong>of</strong> a lot whose proportion defective is equal to the<br />

rejectable quality level (also known as Lot Tolerance Percent Defective - LTPD). It is<br />

generally fixed at 0.10.<br />

<strong>CII</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Logistics</strong> 90<br />

Website: www.ciilogistics.com

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