Total Quality Management - CII Institute of Logistics

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Total Quality Management SUMMARY You will have to learn how to develop these control charts and their control limits and how to interpret them, but for now you can see that they are statistical tools, which are based on a few easy-to-understand basic principles. The greatest use of control charts is to demonstrate that the process is operating in statistical control (that is, all points on the chart fall between the upper and lower control limits), but is till producing parts that are out of specification. When this happens, it is a waste of time to try to find a solution to the problem by adjusting the process. You can make this type of adjustment or take this kind of corrective action only when assignable causes are present. When a process is in statistical control, the only variation seen in the process is due to chance causes. Even those parts that fall outside the specification limits are made as a result of chance. You will not find an assignable cause for that variation. The only way to solve such a problem effectively is to make a basic change in the process. This is often called a management solvable problem. On the other hand, if the control chart indicates that the process is out of statistical control, it means that an assignable cause is present, and it can be found and corrected. This is often called a floor solvable problem, and it's the type of problem most of you face each day on the job. It is often said that 85% of all quality problems are management solvable and 15% are floor solvable. Statistical methods of quality control will help you detect the existence of assignable or floor solvable causes, which you must identify and correct. Those who are uninformed in the use of statistical methods of quality control might say, "This is all well and good, but can I use it in my work area?". The answer can be given in one word: Yes! A control chart can be used on anything that can be assigned a number. CII Institute of Logistics 86 Website: www.ciilogistics.com
Total Quality Management If you intend to use control charts to help maintain and improve the quality of your work and your products, you must learn to think statistically. All the statistical techniques you will encounter in the context of quality have their foundation in the basic principles and an understanding of these principles will help you understand and use statistical control charts. 4.4 ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING The Design and the Inspection of Individual Products In Industry, it is everyday experience that large items of (intermediary or finished) products or raw materials are inspected for their quality, for the purpose of arriving at a decision about their acceptance or rejection. This ACCEPTANCE may mean merely passing the intermediary products to the next stage of manufacture, or releasing the finished product to the market, or accepting the raw material for the purchase. In market purchases, if the product inspected is not satisfactory in quality, one may go elsewhere for the purchase; of course, the question of price of the product is interwoven with this decision of the acceptable quality. But it is perhaps easier and more scientific to make a decision about quality and consider the price acceptability separately. The Inspection Department in a factory, is usually charged with this specific function of declaring materials or product as acceptable (or otherwise) in quality at th e time of purchase or at suitable stages in manufacturing, including the last stage of actual shipping to the markets. The technological, engineering or chemical methods of testing are developed by the Inspection Department to suit each situation. Also, they have to have a clear notion about what is to be done when their verdict is "not to accept". Where every unit of product is inspected the procedure is said to be 100% inspection. In such cases, the accepted products are passed on to the next stage and the not accepted ones are suitably disposed off for re-work or as scrap. CII Institute of Logistics 87 Website: www.ciilogistics.com
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Total Quality Management - CII Institute of Logistics

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