Total Quality Management - CII Institute of Logistics

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Total Quality Management In other words, control limits are warning sings that tell us: 1. When to take action 2. When to leave the job alone. This doesn't necessarily mean you don't have a problem. It just means you must take a different tack to identify the problem. There are two general types of control charts. 1. Variable chart: This type of chart is used where a dimension or characteristic is measured and the result is a number. 2. Attribute Chart: This type of chart is used where a dimension or characteristic is not measured in numbers, but is considered either "good" or "bad". VARIABLE CHARTS: _ Average and Range Chart ( X and R Chart) The average and range chart is the most commonly used of the variable charts. Several other variable charts can be used, but we will use the average and range chart for illustration. The example shown here is taken from a bushing grinding operation. The diameter has been measured and the results of the measurements have been recorded on the control chart. (Se e Figure 4.9). The specified diameter for this bushing is 0.6250 inches ± .0003 inch. The chart shows that parts were measured and recorded hourly. The performance of this job is shown for an eight-hour period. Let's see how this chart was developed. The operator, or an inspector, checked the job hourly by taking five pieces in a row from the operation and measuring the diameter of each. CII Institute of Logistics 80 Website: www.ciilogistics.com
Total Quality Management On the chart, where it says, "sample measurements", you will note that small numbers have been recorded. Obviously, these small numbers are not the whole measurement the operator read from the gauge. This job is a precision grinding operation, requiring measurements to one-tenth of a thousandth of an inch. _ VARIABLE CONTROL CHART (X& R) Part Name (Product): BUSHING OPERATOR MACHINE: GRINDER GAGE DATE: 8/4/99 TIME SAMPLE MEASUREMENTS SUM AVERAGE RANGE NOTES 1 2 3 4 5 8.00 9.00 10.00 10.45 11.00 11.15 1.00 2.00 2.30 3.00 3.30 4.00 -1 -2 -2 4 5 -2 1 -2 -1 -2 -2 1 -2 0 -2 1 4 2 0 -2 -2 -1 1 0 -3 0 -2 2 0 1 0 1 -3 -3 3 0 -2 1 -2 -2 1 2 -1 -2 -2 -2 2 -1 -2 1 0 0 5 2 0 -1 -2 -2 1 0 -10 0 5 5 15 5 0 -5 -10 -10 5 0 -2 0 1 1 3 1 0 -1 -2 -2 1 0 2 3 6 6 5 4 2 3 2 2 5 2 CII Institute of Logistics 81 Website: www.ciilogistics.com
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Total Quality Management - CII Institute of Logistics

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