Total Quality Management - CII Institute of Logistics

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Total Quality Management ATTRIBUTE CHARTS We use attribute charts with "go / no go" or "good / bad" inspection results and we do this by finding ways to assign numbers to these results. When we can assign number to our information, we can use a statistical technique to monitor and control those numbers. While several different attribute charts are available, the widely used charts are the p- chart and the c-chart. Now, for a simple illustration, let's look at an attribute chart that was used to monitor an earlier operation on the bushing described above. This job was rough grinding operation, which prepared the bushing for the precision grinding operation. The diameter specified for bushing all this operation was 0.625 inches ± 0.003 inch, a much larger tolerance than the one allowed for the precision operation. It is not unusual in such an operation to use a "go" and "no-go" snap gauge. Such a gauge tells when the part is within the limits established for gauging and when it is not. It gives no actual dimensional readings. An average and range chart cannot be used when this type of information is available. Instead we use an attribute chart. One commonly used type of attribute chart is the percent defective chart, which is shown in simplified form in Figure 4.10. CII Institute of Logistics 84 Website: www.ciilogistics.com
Total Quality Management 20 16 12 8 4 UCL LCL Date 8/4/ Time 8:05 9:00 9:50 10:30 11:30 11:15 % Defective 1:00 1:40 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 5:00 Figure 4.10 The points plotted on this chart were obtained by checking a sample of fifty pieces each time an inspection was called for. The operator or an inspector gauged the pieces, counted the number rejected by the gauge, and calculated the percent defective of the fifty-piece sample. The percentage value was then plotted on the percent defective chart. Here again, the points within the control limits indicate that everything is satisfactory, while the point outside the upper control limit (UCL) shows that something needs to be corrected. CII Institute of Logistics 85 Website: www.ciilogistics.com
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