East Kalimantan Environmentally Sustainable Development Strategy

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100 Exhibit 68 level. Inland flooding has been a significant threat to areas such as the Mahakam delta and the capital city of Samarinda, which have substantial populations. COASTAL FLOODING East Kalimantan has 194,000 ha of land that is vulnerable to coastal flooding. While sea levels are estimated to rise by 20 cm by 2030, the threat is heightened as factors such as storms and the El Nino Southern Oscillation can amplify waves and the amount of land at risk of inundation. Given these factors, land that is less than 1 meter above sea level (ASL) is typically considered vulnerable. East Kalimantan has 194,000 ha that 1 meter or less ASL. Although this represents just 1 percent of the province’s land, four districts have disproportionally greater areas at risk: Tana Tidung (10.2 percent of its area is vulnerable), Samarinda (4.2 percent, although this land is more vulnerable to inland rather than coastal flooding), Bontang (3.8 percent), and Tarakan (3.6 percent). These estimates likely underestimate the threat to East Kalimantan’s coasts, though, as elevations are measured by satellite 23 which can not penetrate East Kalimantan’s dense forests. An estimate of land that is 20 meter ASL or less, while certainly an overestimate, would compensate for low elevations covered in forest and gives an upper bound of over 2 million of vulnerable lands. 1% of East Kalimantan’s land is vulnerable to coastal flooding DRAFT SOURCE: Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), team analysis Penajam Paser Utara 8,459 Kutai Timur 6,941 Samarinda 3,033 Tarakan Balikpapan Bontang Malinau Area less than 1 m ASL Ha Kutai Kertanegara 41,902 Tana Tidung 34,148 Bulungan 28,818 Nunukan 24,540 Berau 16,176 Paser 14,918 Kutai Barat 12,865 901 885 613 14 East Kalimantan 194,213 As percent of total area 1.6 10.2 2.2 1.7 0.7 1.4 0.4 2.7 0.2 4.2 3.6 1.7 3.8 0.0 1.0 Coastal flooding will have a disproportionally large economic impact on East Kalimantan. Although the area that is vulnerable to coastal flooding is relatively small, it contains some of the province’s largest assets. East Kalimantan’s single international airport, Seppingan airport in Balikpapan, is on the coast and less than 1 meter ASL; Tarakan’s airport is similarly vulnerable. The multi-billion dollar LNG plant in Bontang, the single greatest capital investment in the province, is at risk. Similarly, the Pertamina refinery on the coast in Balikpapan is on vulnerable land. These two assets generated more than 27 percent of all of East Kalimantan’s GDP in 2008. 23 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)
101 In addition to the refinery and airport, much of Balikpapan’s commercial and residential assets will also be vulnerable to coastal flooding. Some major economic assets are in flood vulnerable zones LNG plant, Bontang Pertamina refinery, Balikpapan SOURCE: Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), team analysis A combination of hard and soft mitigations will be needed to adapt to coastal flooding. Making East Kalimantan’s major economic assets, such as airports and the refinery, more flood resilient justifies investment in infrastructure measures such as sea walls and dikes. Low level farmland could be more economically protected by restoring and protecting the provinces’ natural mangrove forests, which reduce wave intensity and inundation. Better disaster planning is critical for Balikpapan, a city with significant vulnerable urban areas; being able to quickly deploy sandbags, providing shelter for those whose homes are flooded, and facilitating access to insurance and credit will all help the city adapt to any increase in coastal flooding. INLAND FLOODING Juwata Airport, Tarakan Sepinggan International Airport, Balikpapan
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East Kalimantan Environmentally Sus
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3 East Kalimantan Environmentally S
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5 Contents Preface 7 Acknowledgemen
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7 Preface A broad global consensus
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9 Acknowledgements The DNPI and the
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11 Executive summary East Kalimanta
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13 1. The development of coal-bed m
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DRAFT 15
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17 Kaltim Green Program The Governm
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19 1. The context for East Kalimant
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21 This resource development pathwa
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23 Both Berau and Malinau are large
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25 In the BAU scenario, CO 2 e emis
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27 TOP 5 ABATEMENT INITIATIVES Top
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29 Kalimantan’s shift to a climat
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31 The sector’s 57 MtCO2e of net
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33 Outside of the sector’s need f
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35 The greatest expansion is expect
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37 improving water management in on
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39 Including financial transfers fo
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41 after the identified abatement m
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43 The Case of Oil Palm Permits and
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45 Emissions from the forestry sect
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47 across Kalimantan in 1997 and 19
Page 49 and 50: 49 Utilizing concession buyout sche
Page 51 and 52: 51 Pilot Projects Pilot projects ha
Page 53 and 54: 53 GDP Potential The economic decli
Page 55 and 56: 55 Downstream manufacturing would i
Page 57 and 58: 57 downstream manufacturing as it w
Page 59 and 60: 59 Swidden agricultural practiced b
Page 61 and 62: 61 Although East Kalimantan has far
Page 63 and 64: 63 Reaching average national yields
Page 65 and 66: 65 farmers . We have identified sev
Page 67 and 68: 67 Many mining operations are locat
Page 69 and 70: 69 Unlike timber or oil palm planta
Page 71 and 72: 71 exploration and production conce
Page 73 and 74: 73 The Economic Opportunity of Post
Page 75 and 76: 75 Entering downstream value chain
Page 77 and 78: 77 Current Context The oil and gas
Page 79 and 80: 79 granted in 2008-2009 and contain
Page 81 and 82: 81 Emission from flaring is declini
Page 83 and 84: 83 Satellite images can help monito
Page 85 and 86: 85 Under business as usual, relativ
Page 87 and 88: 87 BERAU Berau is the third largest
Page 89 and 90: 89 350,000 ha of Kutai Timur is cat
Page 91 and 92: 91 substantial natural resource ext
Page 93 and 94: 93 Borneo conservation area as well
Page 95 and 96: 95 agricultural processing. As Pena
Page 97 and 98: 97 Range of climate related risks t
Page 99: 99 predict increased precipitation
Page 103 and 104: 103 The greatest economic risks fro
Page 105 and 106: 105 change issues. In December 2009
Page 107 and 108: 107 Proposed BFCP governance and ma
Page 109 and 110: 109 the lack of a strong system, th
Page 111 and 112: 111 Carbon Accounting, Standards, a
Page 113 and 114: 113 EXAMPLE INITIATIVES REQUIRING C
Page 115 and 116: 115 for example, includes represent
Page 117 and 118: DRAFT 117
Page 119 and 120: 119 Sources • 2010, Kesiapan Kali
Page 121 and 122: 121 • Badan Perijinan Dan Penanam
Page 123 and 124: 123 • Daniel Murdiyarso et al, Me
Page 125 and 126: 125 • Marcus Colchester et al, Pr
Page 127 and 128: 127 • Yosep Ruslim et al, STUDY O
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East Kalimantan Environmentally Sustainable Development Strategy

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