Indigenous Peoples and Conservation Organizations

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Indigenous Peoples and Conservation: WWF Statement of Principles A WWF International Position Paper Annex Contents Foreword Preamble I. Rights and Interests of Indigenous Peoples II. Conservation Objectives III. Principles of Partnership Foreword Indigenous peoples inhabit nearly 20 per cent of the planet, mainly in areas where they have lived for thousands of years. Compared with protected area managers, who control about 6 per cent of the world’s land mass, indigenous peoples are the earth’s most important stewards. During more than three decades of conservation work, WWF has been approached by many indigenous and rural communities seeking collaboration on issues like protected area management and the conservation of natural resources. Notable amongst them are the Hupa Indians of northern California, the Inuit of Isabella Bay in Canada, the Zoque Indians of Mexico, the Karen of Thailand, the Shona people in Zimbabwe, the Kuna of Panama, the Shimshali of Pakistan, the Phoka people of northern Malawi, the Imagruen of Mauritania, the Ewenk of Siberia, and many others scattered all over the globe. WWF is, or has recently been, working with indigenous peoples in all regions of the world: in Europe, Latin America, North America, Asia, the Pacific, and Africa. WWF’s views on the relationship between indigenous peoples and modern conservation have been touched upon in several of our recent publications. As a result of its central role in discussing indigenous peoples issues at the IV World Congress on National Parks and
150 Annex Protected Areas, WWF published the book The Law of the Mother, edited by Elizabeth Kemf, which collects and analyses experiences at the interface between indigenous peoples and conservation, including several project sites where WWF has been involved. In publications like Conservation with People and Forests For Life, WWF has expressed its conviction that indigenous peoples are crucial actors in conservation. Together with IUCN and UNEP, in Caring for the Earth WWF acknowledged the need for recognition “of the aboriginal rights of indigenous peoples to their lands and resources ... and to participate effectively in decisions affecting their lands and resources”. Despite this history, the statement which follows represents WWF’s first attempt to enunciate a broad policy to guide its work. It has been prepared following extensive consultation throughout the WWF network, which has an institutional presence in more than 50 countries. Building consensus on an emotive and politically sensitive topic is far from easy; moreover, there is a great diversity of national and regional situations in countries where WWF is active. The statement is our current best effort, but there may remain certain issues on which full consensus has still to be built. The interpretation and application of the statement may thus need to be adapted according to each national context. These variations must be interpreted as an expression of the diversity of circumstances within and outside the organization. From time to time, as WWF learns more about the topic, the statement may be updated to incorporate new views or perspectives. Over the coming months, WWF will be preparing guidelines to assist its Programme staff in their work as it relates to the statement. As always, the implementation of such guidelines will be determined by the twin constraints of personnel and funds. We believe the statement is a far-sighted step for an international organization whose mission is the conservation of nature, but we also recognize it may not be perfect to all eyes. Therefore, we would be pleased to receive comment and criticism from readers of this statement, to enable us to continue to improve our approach and contribution in this field. Dr Claude Martin Director General Dr Chris Hails Programme Director Gland, Switzerland 22 May 1996
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Indigenous Peoples and Conservation
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Support for this publication was pr
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iv Acknowledgments The editors woul
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PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
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4 Conservation and Indigenous Peopl
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6 Conservation and Indigenous Peopl
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8 Conservation Partnerships populat
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10 Conservation Partnerships hostil
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12 Conservation Partnerships Partic
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14 Conservation Partnerships indige
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16 Conservation Partnerships compat
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18 Conservation Partnerships Refere
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CHAPTER 3 Indigenous Federations an
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The Runa in Ecuador 23 Loreto Chont
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The Runa in Ecuador 25 Lower elevat
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The Runa in Ecuador 27 Figure 3.1 I
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The Runa in Ecuador 29 game animals
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The Runa in Ecuador 31 Table 3.2 Pr
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The Runa in Ecuador 33 Pacto Sumaco
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The Runa in Ecuador 35 DINAF and it
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The Runa in Ecuador 37 agement cost
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The Runa in Ecuador 39 Ultimately t
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The Runa in Ecuador 41 small or lar
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The Runa in Ecuador 43 However, it
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The Runa in Ecuador 45 References B
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CHAPTER 4 Lessons in Collaboration:
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The Xavante in Central Brazil 49 a
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The Xavante in Central Brazil 51 pe
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The Xavante in Central Brazil 53 Be
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The Xavante in Central Brazil 55 ac
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The Xavante in Central Brazil 57 Wi
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The Xavante in Central Brazil 59 af
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The Xavante in Central Brazil 61 19
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The Xavante in Central Brazil 63 mu
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The Xavante in Central Brazil 65 Fi
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The Xavante in Central Brazil 67 Th
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The Xavante in Central Brazil 69 27
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The Xavante in Central Brazil 71 Ra
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74 The Sirionó in Bolivia seemed t
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78 The Sirionó in Bolivia With the
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82 The Sirionó in Bolivia research
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84 The Sirionó in Bolivia by IWGIA
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86 The Sirionó in Bolivia these to
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88 The Sirionó in Bolivia The main
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CHAPTER 6 WWF’s Partnership with
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The Foi in Papua New Guinea 93 Some
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The Foi in Papua New Guinea 95 was
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The Foi in Papua New Guinea 97 a pa
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Page 121 and 122: 114 The Ju/’hoan in Namibia mal s
Page 123 and 124: 116 The Ju/’hoan in Namibia Map 7
Page 125 and 126: 118 The Ju/’hoan in Namibia Figur
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Page 129 and 130: 122 The Ju/’hoan in Namibia (LIFE
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Page 144: PART THREE: CONCLUSIONS
Page 147 and 148: 140 Signposts for the Road Ahead we
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Page 154 and 155: Contributors JOHN BUTLER holds a Ph
Page 158 and 159: Annex 151 Indigenous Peoples 1 and
Page 160 and 161: Annex 153 19. WWF seeks out partner
Page 162 and 163: Annex 155 31. WWF commits itself to
Page 164: World Wildlife Fund 1250 24th Stree
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