Caspian Report - Issue 06 - Winter 2014

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MESUT HAKKI CAŞIN 120 TURNING THE RUSSIAN NAVAL FLEET BACK TO WARM MEDITERRANEAN WATERS TRANSFORMATION TO A NEW RIVALRY WITH THE WEST MESUT HAKKI ÇAŞIN SENIOR FELLOW, CENTER ON FOREIGN POLICY AND SECURITY, HASEN
After WW-II the Mediterranean Region was one of the most important areas of strategic struggle between the naval forces of the US and USSR. They aimed at containing the influence of the other, and the two superpowers also competed in the search for allies in the region. After WW-II the Mediterranean Region was one of the most important areas of strategic struggle between the naval forces of the US and USSR. They aimed at containing the influence of the other, and the two superpowers also competed in the search for allies in the region. From the western or NATO perspective, the Mediterranean Region was seen as NATO’s ‘southern flank’, and the West’s main military instrument in the region was the US Sixth Fleet. During the Cold War period, the Soviet Naval task force had the 5th Mediterranean squadron of 50 naval ships operating in the Mediterranean Sea including the Turkish Straits alerted powerful Black Sea fleet about 200 war ships and submarines. Soviet Union’s closest allies were the progressive or radical Arab states, such as Algeria, Libya, Syria, and Egypt under Nasser. The Syrian port city of Tartus served as the Soviet Union’s only permanent maritime base in the Mediterranean. Same as the formerly Black Sea and Azov Sea ports in Odessa, Illichivsk, Nikolayev and Mariupol were economically very important during Soviet times. These ports provided more than 20% of export supplies to the Soviet Union. AFTER 1991, RUSSIA HAS BEEN BACK TO ITS COASTAL AND RATHER LIMITED ACCESS TO THE BALTIC AND BLACK SEAS. Trans-European gas pipelines “Bratstvo” and “Soyuz”, and the oil pipeline “Druzhba” run across the Ukrainian territory. For Moscow, these facilities had significant importance as economic links with European states, and remain very important for Russia today. After 1991, Russia has been back to its coastal and rather limited access to the Baltic and Black Seas. Suddenly emerging; economic and other difficulties forced Russia to withdraw its navy from many regions of the world, including the Mediterranean. However, in maritime law and balance of power perspective, both the United States and Russia need Turkey, since the capacity to keep the control of the Turkish Straits was vested in Turkey according to 1936 Montreux Convention. After the dissolution of USSR, Ukraine and Russia divided 50% of their naval fleets in the Black Sea. But, 70% of Russian naval fleet stays in Ukrainian sea bases. Russia also dislike US bases in Bulgaria and Romania which are former Soviet allies but today new NATO members deployed missiles, aircraft, ships in the Black Sea . In this context, Russia joined the 121 CASPIAN REPORT, WINTER <strong>2014</strong>
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CASPIAN PUBLISHED BY CASPIAN STRATE
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CASPIAN REPORT 2 Almost two decades
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CASPIAN CASPIAN REPORT 4 06 ALEX VA
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ALEX VATANKA 6 THE CAUCASUS AND THE
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ALEX VATANKA 8 In his own words, Ro
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President of Iran Hassan Rouhani. A
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ALEX VATANKA 12 government would be
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ALEX VATANKA 14
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FINAL INVESTMENT DECISION FOR SHAH
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GARETH M. WINROW 18 ers seeking to
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Shah Deniz 2 FID Signing Ceremony G
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GARETH M. WINROW 22 men gas each ye
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GARETH M. WINROW 24 In practice, it
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GARETH M. WINROW 26 The priority fo
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ROBERT M. CUTLER 28 THE ROLE OF THE
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ROBERT M. CUTLER 30 Günther Oettin
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Taner Yildiz, Minister of Energy an
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ROBERT M. CUTLER 34 Bosnia-Herzegov
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ROBERT M. CUTLER turn could seek en
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ROBERT M. CUTLER 38 AT THE SAME TIM
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ROBERT M. CUTLER 40 had been the fi
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ROMAN RUKOMEDA 42 UKRAINE’S ENERG
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ROMAN RUKOMEDA 44 to lend Ukraine 1
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Maidan Square, Ukraine. ROMAN RUKOM
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ROMAN RUKOMEDA 48 economic crisis c
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ROMAN RUKOMEDA 50 Successful shale
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ROMAN RUKOMEDA 52 develop a LNG ter
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ROMAN RUKOMEDA 54 Additionally, the
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EBRU TURHAN 56 FROM ECONOMY TO DOME
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EBRU TURHAN 58 GERMAN-TURKISH RELAT
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Prime Minister of Turkey Recep Tayy
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in the sectors of energy and water
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EBRU TURHAN 64 (CSU) dropped the us
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EBRU TURHAN 66 Director General of
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European Central Bank , Germany. EB
Page 72 and 73: TURKISH PETROLEUM MARKET IS RESHAPE
Page 74 and 75: • Removing the obligation of 60 t
Page 76 and 77: Turkish Petroleum Corporation. AYHA
Page 78 and 79: AYHAN ERDEM 76 The supplementary po
Page 80 and 81: AYHAN ERDEM 78 concerning the natio
Page 82 and 83: AYHAN ERDEM 80 trations will be abo
Page 84 and 85: AYHAN ERDEM 82 the Ministry of Scie
Page 86 and 87: ROVSHAN IBRAHIMOV 84 TURKISH-ARMENI
Page 88 and 89: ROVSHAN IBRAHIMOV 86 A NEW PERIOD I
Page 90 and 91: James Warlick, Deputy Special Repre
Page 92 and 93: ROVSHAN IBRAHIMOV 90 THE RAPPROCHEM
Page 94 and 95: Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip
Page 96 and 97: ROVSHAN IBRAHIMOV 94 region. This i
Page 98 and 99: A monument to the Khojaly victims i
Page 100 and 101: SERGII TOLSTOV 98 THE WEST AND UKRA
Page 102 and 103: SERGII TOLSTOV 100 AFTER TYMOSHENKO
Page 104 and 105: Former President of Ukraine Viktor
Page 106 and 107: SERGII TOLSTOV 104 proposed a way o
Page 108 and 109: SERGII TOLSTOV 106 Emergency parlia
Page 110 and 111: CASPIAN
Page 112 and 113: ENERGY BILL OF TURKEY AND SUSTAINAB
Page 114 and 115: ASSOC. PROF. DR. FATIH MACIT 112 An
Page 116 and 117: EMIN AKHUNDZADA 114 IRAN’S NUCLEA
Page 118 and 119: EMIN AKHUNDZADA 116 • Given that
Page 120 and 121: EMIN AKHUNDZADA 118 • If Iran cou
Page 124 and 125: MESUT HAKKI CAŞIN 122 Black Sea Ha
Page 126 and 127: MESUT HAKKI CAŞIN 124 quality of L
Page 128 and 129: MESUT HAKKI CAŞIN Nuri al-Maliki s
Page 130 and 131: LEGAL AND ILLEGAL MONEY TRANSFERS A
Page 132 and 133: FATIH OZBAY 130 A LARGE PART OF THE
Page 134 and 135: Cathedral of Saint Vasily, Russia.
Page 136 and 137: POLO MAGRI 134 THE SOUTHERN CORRIDO
Page 138 and 139: POLO MAGRI 136 THE OPENING OF SOUTH
Page 140 and 141: CASPIAN CALL FOR PAPERS CALL FOR PA
Page 142: www.hazar.org
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Caspian Report - Issue 06 - Winter 2014

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