CONSERVATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES - Nwrc.gov.sa

grown m MEM medium supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum, antibiotics and glutamine.
Cultures were synchronized with a single thymidine block during S phase (Viegas-Pequignot and
Dutrillaux, 1978; Hayes el al., 1991) in order to increase the yield of metaphase and early metaphase
cells. To induce R-banding, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU Sigma 5(02) was added to the medium
at a final concentration of 10 or 20 glml. The cultures were incubated at 37°C until the number of
mitotic cells reached a maximum, about 8 to 9 h after BrdU addition. To obtain RBG-bands, cell s
were treated according to the procedure described by Hayes el al. (1991) and FJuorochrome­
Photolysis-Giemsa (FPG) staining was performed as described by Viegas-Pequignot el al. (1989).
G-banded karyotypes were prepared using a modified method of Seabright (1971).
Chromosomes were ordered according to their size, shape and banding paltern.
For G-banded
karyotyping, numbering of chromosome pairs follows that of Kingswood and Kumamoto (1988). C­
bands were obtained by the barium hydroxyde/saline/giemsa (BSG) technique (Sumner, 1972).
Table 9.2 Nei's genetic distances (upper right) and Roger's genetic distances (lower left).
G. g. gazel/a G. g. erlangeri G. g. cora G. s. marica
G. g. gazel/a 0.054 0.017 0.152
G. g. erlangeri 0.074 0.075 0.169
G. g. cora 0.061 0.0115 0.135
G. s. marica 0.162 0.167 0.171
Results
Fourteen loci were found to be monomorphic in all samples. Allelic frequencies at the 10
polymorphic loci are listed in Table 9.1. The mean number of alleles per locus (A) ranged from I in
G. g. erlangeri to 1.25 in G. g. gazel/a. The proportion of polymorphic loci (P99%) ranged from 0 in
G. g. erlangeri to 20.8 in G. g. cora, and mean heterozygosity ranged from 0 in G. g. erlangeri to
0.088 in G. g. cora. Nei and Roger's genetic distances appeared to be 2 to 15 times higher between
G. subgutturosa marica and the different subspecies of G. gazella than between subspecies of G.
gazel/a (Table 9.2).
The chromosomes of G. gazella were found to be 2n=34/35 (female/male) with a
fundamental number of 62. Banded karyotypes of the different subspecies of G. gazella appeared
similar (Figures 9.1 and 9.2) to the G-banded karyotype of that species pUblished by Kingswood and
Kumamoto ( 1988). Autosomes consist of 12 pairs of meta-submetacentric chromosomes, one pair of
submetacentric chromosomes with a very short p arm, and three pairs of acrocentric chromosomes.
Females have two large submetacentric X chromosomes. Males have one X, one acrocentric Y
(called Y1 ) and a second acrocentric (called Y2, but actually the autosomal homologue to the distal
portion of the long arm of the X). G- and R-banding patterns of the additional autosome (Y2) and of
the di stal portion of the long arm of the X chromosome appear identical (Figures 9.1 and 9.2). The
short arm of the X chromosome and the Y I chromosome are entirely heterochromatic.
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