CONSERVATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES - Nwrc.gov.sa

More documents

Recommendations

Info

WR: On a mitochondrial DNA basis, we found less than 4% difference between one specimen of gaze/la (from KKWRC) and two cora from Oman. This genetic distance could justify giving each taxon the status of a true species. EH: There is only 5% difference between the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes and the human . This value would correspond to distances between genera. MV, SK: This value should be confirmed by analyzing more samples. EH: If the mitochondrial DNA results are confirmed, these two taxa should definitely be treated as different species. GS: To confirm this result, the samples should be tested in different laboratories by different techniques. AG: To summarize, there are obvious morphological and mitochondrial DNA differences. But the differences are minimal using cytogenetic and electrophoresis techniques ... Strange results' OW: We have to be sensible in our decisions because each subdivision will multiply the cost for conservation. SK: Gi ven the need to further clarify the morphological and genetic differences between gazella and cora, a standardized protocol for collecting samples should be established. However, data from captive populations may be meaningless if individuals representing different wild populations have been mixed in captivity. CG: There are some captive breeding groups of cora at AI Ain Zoo and Aquarium in Abu Dhabi, as well as in Qatar. CH: What is the point in discussing results from specimens of unknown source We need to study all aspects of ecology and sample some individuals from wild populations. TS: If wild specimens are needed, they can be live captured. OW & AA: We need to establish captive popUlations of cora. AG: The goal should be to establish a viable captive population that could be used for reintroducti on. - AG: Where would the founders of captive populations of cora come from CG: Non-viable wild popuilltions could be sampled. CM: We could also harvest from viable populati ons. The local people could give important help in catChing the animals. KH : We could obtain dramatic gazelle population increases by protection. First we should protect these populations, then we can capture speci mens for captive-breeding. - AG: How is it possible to define the historical distribution of gaze/La and cora, and particularly, the geographical limits OW: For gazella, very little historical data are available. GS : Camera trapping could perhaps help identify the taxon present where gazelle populations still exist. 162
- AG: How can we assess the taxonomic status of KKWRC mountain gazelles EH: We first need to confinn the mitochondrial results of WR. We should base the separation into subspecies, first on genetic or cytogenetic evidence, second on morphological criteria if we do not find a natural polymorphism. OW: Pelage and body size are two variables that are known to be extremely environmentally plastic. KD: We have to raise these two points: I) Are cora and gazella different 2) Which subspecies do KKWRC / Hawtat Bani Tamim animals belong to Then we can make a decision. SK: Are there ecological differences between gazella and cora OW: We must not allow taxonomy to run conservation: taxonomy should remain a tool. We will never be sure what the hi storical distances were between the different gazelle subspecies. We would like to reintroduce mountain gazelles in other areas of Saudi Arabia, besides Hawtat. - AG: Under which conditions should KKWRC mountain gazelles be reintroduced General agreement: For the moment, KKWRC mountain gazelles should only be reintroduced to areas where no natural population can be contaminated genetically and where the reintroduced population remains under control. AG: Should we consider G. g. farasani as a valid subspecies Can we use this population as a reservoir for mainland gazelle reintroduction or should it be kept as an isolated population AG: The two hypotheses concerning the creation of this population are their introduction by local fishennen as a kind of primitive game-ranching or isolation from the mainland following the last Ice Age (15,000 years ago). CG: Morphologically, this taxon is distinct from cora, but only differs from erlangeri in size. It could be interesting to create a captive population of farasani and to see how the morphotype will evolve under different environmental conditions. AG: Morphologically,farasani seems very different from erlangeri, which is smaller and darker. In my opinion,farasani is more close to cora. MY: On a cytogenetic and electrophoretic point of view,farasani and cora are identical. OW: Apparently KH also thinks thatfarasani and cora are identical. CH : A long-tenn study of farasani is needed. CM: A computer simulation analysis would be interesting to estimate the probability of a population surviving in low numbers for 15,000 years without any introduction, to test the hypothesis of Thouless. MS: Locals report repeated introductions of gazelles from the mainland. WR: We only found a 0.7% difference between cora and farasani with mitochondrial ONA techniques. This represents a subspecific difference. KH: The population of the Farasan Islands is now very close to 1,000 individuals. 163
Page 1:
CONSERVATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES
Page 4 and 5:
• 14 Survey of Gazelle Populatio
Page 6 and 7:
List of Contributors Prof. Abdulaz
Page 8 and 9:
Foreword HRH Prince SAUD AL-FAISAL
Page 10 and 11:
1. Recent Developments in Gazelle C
Page 12 and 13:
• April, 1988: Survey of the Fara
Page 14 and 15:
- May, 1991: Capture of rheem from
Page 16 and 17:
References Abuzinada, A., 1987. Int
Page 18 and 19:
until Groves (1983) re-examined the
Page 20 and 21:
Figure 2.1 a Figure 2.1 b
Page 22 and 23:
Dissatisfaction with the BSC over t
Page 24 and 25:
Nixon & Wheeler (1990) are not so d
Page 26 and 27:
In order to test the PSC (phylogene
Page 28 and 29:
(2) FEMALES Variable gazella cora
Page 30 and 31:
two adult male and one adult female
Page 32 and 33:
4 4 * 4 3 2 *33 1 1 * 1 * 2 1 1 I 5
Page 34 and 35:
(2) FEMALES Variable G. bennelli (
Page 36 and 37:
In the two other equally parsimonio
Page 38 and 39:
ufifrons benneui saudiya subguuurcs
Page 40 and 41:
By branch-swapping, using Macelade,
Page 42 and 43:
On my first visit to AI-Areen, in 1
Page 44 and 45:
anch of the premaxilla generally to
Page 46 and 47:
J.R., and Morrison-Scott, T.C.S. 19
Page 48 and 49:
Aden: 12°50'N, 45°03'E (4 skins,
Page 50 and 51:
species is currently the subject of
Page 52 and 53:
One area where local people are ins
Page 54 and 55:
4. The Relationship Between Taxonom
Page 56 and 57:
'I1Ie current status of taxonomy Ad
Page 58 and 59:
There is much scope for conflict be
Page 60 and 61:
The Controversial Subject of Gazell
Page 62 and 63:
• Taxonomic argument: The divisio
Page 64 and 65:
conventional taxonomic characters t
Page 66 and 67:
divergence between the mitochondria
Page 68 and 69:
Morphometries: Some morphological c
Page 70 and 71:
operative progranune could be set u
Page 72 and 73:
museum specimens (data extracted fr
Page 74 and 75:
Acknowledgements This work was carr
Page 76 and 77:
Lange, 1. 1972. Studien an Gazellen
Page 78 and 79:
6. Modern Techniques in Taxonomy an
Page 80 and 81:
protein electrophoresis still a val
Page 82 and 83:
"molecular clock") has been establi
Page 84 and 85:
Beni~hke, Nombela, J.J., Rodriguez
Page 86 and 87:
7. Chromosonlal Evolution in Gazell
Page 88 and 89:
and C. gazella (Vassart et ai., Art
Page 90 and 91:
analysis. Systematic relationships
Page 92 and 93:
management efforts, whether managem
Page 94 and 95:
Kumamoto, A.T., and Bogart, M.H. 19
Page 96 and 97:
Table 8.1 Mammalian cells in cultur
Page 98 and 99:
genetic diversity in a subspecies w
Page 100 and 101:
amount of change between individual
Page 102 and 103:
pardus, at positions 38, 61, 64, an
Page 104 and 105:
Wildlife Research Center (KKWRC), n
Page 106 and 107:
grown m MEM medium supplemented wit
Page 108 and 109:
was involved in a V-autosome transl
Page 110 and 111:
and heterozygosi ty values found in
Page 112 and 113:
Viegas-Pequignot, E., and Dutrillau
Page 114 and 115:
cellular and molecular biology requ
Page 116 and 117:
structures in terms of visible morp
Page 118 and 119:
Although a Robertsonian translocati
Page 120 and 121:
Groves, c.P. 1969. On the smaller g
Page 122 and 123: G. bilkis and the dark forms of G.
Page 124 and 125: survey was carried out in February
Page 126 and 127: Conservation action: International
Page 128 and 129: 12. Genetics of Saudi dorcas gazell
Page 130 and 131: Genetic research can clarify the ta
Page 132 and 133: dorcas gazelles Gazella do rcas ssp
Page 134 and 135: y less than 2% from each other. How
Page 136 and 137: Groves, c.P. 1969. On the smaller g
Page 138 and 139: eflect the truly remarkable output
Page 140 and 141: • National (central) government p
Page 142 and 143: past colonial Africa and Asia, and
Page 144 and 145: • Studies of gazelle growth rates
Page 146 and 147: References Child, G., and Grainger,
Page 148 and 149: 14. Survey of Gazelle Populations i
Page 150 and 151: Sony IPS-360 Global Positioning Sys
Page 152 and 153: 1. Mahkshush The gazelle habitat co
Page 154 and 155: 5. Jabal Jandaf A small population
Page 156 and 157: A slight caveat is required to thes
Page 158 and 159: • Appoint one local auxiliary ran
Page 160 and 161: Recommendations on park zoning, man
Page 162 and 163: '9~ ~~~
Page 164 and 165: flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber; her
Page 166 and 167: salt marshes and associated sand du
Page 168 and 169: Many projects were initiated at KlS
Page 170 and 171: CG: Taxonomy is the essential backg
Page 174 and 175: CM & AG: We should not forget in si
Page 176 and 177: - AG: What could the taxon called G
Page 178 and 179: Gazella dorcas 1) Survey Al-Khunfah
Page 180 and 181: 3 Male mountain gazelle (Thumamah)
Page 182: 7 Female Arabian sand gazelle (Thum
show all

CONSERVATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES - Nwrc.gov.sa

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?