CONSERVATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES - Nwrc.gov.sa

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Aden: 12°50'N, 45°03'E (4 skins, 2 frontlets; also one skull in Paris Museum). Ma'bar, 7,400 feet: l4°46'N, 44°21'E (2 skins and skull, one a fawn, Field Museum, Chicago). Najran Emirate: l7°30'N, 44°20'E (NWRC, Taif). Taifdistrict: 21 ° lO'N, 40045'E (1 skin ofa fawn). Thuwal, Hejaz Tihama: ± 22°30'N, 30 0 00'E (3 skulls, 3 skins and 2 head-skins). Gazella gazella muscatensis Abieat, north of Muscat (Harrison Museum, Sevenoaks, Kent, U.K. Baikit et Maze, Oman (I skin and skull). Khode: 23°3TN, 58°08'E (2 skins, 2 skulls). Muscat: 23°3TN, 58°38'E (l skull, 2 skins; also one skull in Booth Museum, Brighton, U.K., and one skull in Harrison Museum). Saham: 24°10'N, 56°53'E (2 skulls, Harrison Museum). Sohar area: 24°23'N, 56°45'E (11 skulls, Harrison Museum). Gazella bilkis Mocha: J3°15'N, 43°15'E (I skull). El Hauban, Wadi Maleh, 5 miles east of Ta'izz: J3°36'N, 44°0TE (l skin, 1 skull, Field Museum, Chicago). Ta'izz, 4,100 feet: }3°35'N, 44°02'E (l skin, 1 skull, same). Usaifira, 4,000 feet: 13°36'N, 44°00'E (l skin, I skull, same). Jebel Zarba, 7,000 feet, east of Ta'izz: }3°30'N, 44°03'E (l skin, 1 skull, same). Gazella saudiya "Arabia" (2 skulls). Alam Abyadh: 16°00'N, 45°42'E (l skin and skull). Arq Abu Da'ir: 16°40'N, 45°15'E (1 skin and skull). Dhalm: 22°50'N, 41 °40'E (7 skins and skulls). Kuwait: ± 29°N, 48°E (l skin and skull). Wadi Markha: 14°5TN, 46°35'E (1 skin and skull). Wadi Naq'a: 15°30'N, 47°15'E (1 skin and skull). Ruwaik tract: lS055'N, 46°IO'E (l skin and skull). Sirr al Yamani: 16°20'N, 46°50'E (l skin and skull). Taraf al Ain: 15°50'N, 47°40'E (I skin and skull). Gazella subgutturosa marica Arabia, 29°15'N, 47°E (1 skin and skull). Arabia, 29°45'N, 40028'E (1 skin and skull). Arabia, 29°46'N, 40 0 56'E (1 skin and skull). "Arabia" (2 skins and skulls). Afalil: 46°30'N, 15°45'E (l skin and skull). Bisaita plain. Jebel Dhalm, between Alif and Khuna: 22°50'N, 41 °40'E (1 skin and skull). Dibdibbah, 60 miles south-west of Kuwait: 29° 1O'N, 46°50'E (1 skin and skull). Harrath al Arrat, Saudi/Jordan border: ± 30 0 N, 38°E (NWRC, Taif). Kuwait. Ibri, Nejd: 23° 15'N, 56°35'E (2 skins and skulls). Es Taisiya Nejd, 2]o30'N, 44°20'E (2 skins and skulls). Safala plain, 27°N, 39°E (1 skin and skull). 39
3. Gazelle Distribution and Status in the Arabian Peninsula Doug Williamson and Hany Tatwany Abstract: This paper provides a concise outline of what is currently known about the distribution and status of gazelles in the Arabian Peninsula for the benefit of people who either are not familiar with the region or are unaware of the results of recent studies of gazelle distribution and status. Both free ranging and captive populations are considered. The presentation concludes with an examination ofthe conservation value ofcaptive populations in the region. Keywords: gazelle, afri, idmi, rheem, status, conservation, Saudi Arabia. Introduction Since the distribution and conservation status of gazelles in Saudi Arabia have recently and comprehensively been reviewed by Thouless et ai. (1991) and gazelle distribution in Arabia has also recently been reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), an exhaustive review of these subjects would be redundant. This presentation therefore has the strictly limited purpose of providing a concise outline of what is currently known about the status and distribution of gazelles in the Arabian Peninsula for the benefit of people who are either unfamiliar with the region or are unaware of the results of recent findings on gazelle distribution and status. Both free-ranging and captive populations are considered, but only the species level is discussed. Subspecific issues are addressed in other articles in this volume. Much of the paper simply summarizes Thouless et al. (1991), but there is a discussion of captive populations which raises issues not previously addressed in an explicit manner. The historical distribution and abundance of the gazelles of the Arabian region were poorly documented and there are reasons for believing that the original distribution of gazelles has been radically disrupted by human activities. Motorized hunting has been widespread since World War II and domestic livestock populations have greatly increased their range because of access to artificial water supplies and supplementary feeding, and have also greatly increased in numbers. Given the paucity of historical information and the scale and intensity of recent disturbances, it is difficult to see how a clear picture of undisturbed gazelle distribution and abundance can ever be constructed. Despite this lack of information, it is clear that all Arabian gazelle species have been drastically affected by hunting and habitat degradation. One species, the Saudi gazelle (English) or afri (Arabic) Gazella saudiya is almost certainly extinct in the wild and the other two species, the sand gazelle (English) or rheem (Arabic) Gazella subgutturosa and the mountain gazelle (English) or idmi (Arabic) GazeLLa gazeLLa have been reduced to a few relict populations. Each species will be individually reviewed. Since their status is considered further in other presentations, the reviews will be brief. 40
Page 1: CONSERVATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES
Page 4 and 5: • 14 Survey of Gazelle Populatio
Page 6 and 7: List of Contributors Prof. Abdulaz
Page 8 and 9: Foreword HRH Prince SAUD AL-FAISAL
Page 10 and 11: 1. Recent Developments in Gazelle C
Page 12 and 13: • April, 1988: Survey of the Fara
Page 14 and 15: - May, 1991: Capture of rheem from
Page 16 and 17: References Abuzinada, A., 1987. Int
Page 18 and 19: until Groves (1983) re-examined the
Page 20 and 21: Figure 2.1 a Figure 2.1 b
Page 22 and 23: Dissatisfaction with the BSC over t
Page 24 and 25: Nixon & Wheeler (1990) are not so d
Page 26 and 27: In order to test the PSC (phylogene
Page 28 and 29: (2) FEMALES Variable gazella cora
Page 30 and 31: two adult male and one adult female
Page 32 and 33: 4 4 * 4 3 2 *33 1 1 * 1 * 2 1 1 I 5
Page 34 and 35: (2) FEMALES Variable G. bennelli (
Page 36 and 37: In the two other equally parsimonio
Page 38 and 39: ufifrons benneui saudiya subguuurcs
Page 40 and 41: By branch-swapping, using Macelade,
Page 42 and 43: On my first visit to AI-Areen, in 1
Page 44 and 45: anch of the premaxilla generally to
Page 46 and 47: J.R., and Morrison-Scott, T.C.S. 19
Page 50 and 51: species is currently the subject of
Page 52 and 53: One area where local people are ins
Page 54 and 55: 4. The Relationship Between Taxonom
Page 56 and 57: 'I1Ie current status of taxonomy Ad
Page 58 and 59: There is much scope for conflict be
Page 60 and 61: The Controversial Subject of Gazell
Page 62 and 63: • Taxonomic argument: The divisio
Page 64 and 65: conventional taxonomic characters t
Page 66 and 67: divergence between the mitochondria
Page 68 and 69: Morphometries: Some morphological c
Page 70 and 71: operative progranune could be set u
Page 72 and 73: museum specimens (data extracted fr
Page 74 and 75: Acknowledgements This work was carr
Page 76 and 77: Lange, 1. 1972. Studien an Gazellen
Page 78 and 79: 6. Modern Techniques in Taxonomy an
Page 80 and 81: protein electrophoresis still a val
Page 82 and 83: "molecular clock") has been establi
Page 84 and 85: Beni~hke, Nombela, J.J., Rodriguez
Page 86 and 87: 7. Chromosonlal Evolution in Gazell
Page 88 and 89: and C. gazella (Vassart et ai., Art
Page 90 and 91: analysis. Systematic relationships
Page 92 and 93: management efforts, whether managem
Page 94 and 95: Kumamoto, A.T., and Bogart, M.H. 19
Page 96 and 97: Table 8.1 Mammalian cells in cultur
Page 98 and 99:
genetic diversity in a subspecies w
Page 100 and 101:
amount of change between individual
Page 102 and 103:
pardus, at positions 38, 61, 64, an
Page 104 and 105:
Wildlife Research Center (KKWRC), n
Page 106 and 107:
grown m MEM medium supplemented wit
Page 108 and 109:
was involved in a V-autosome transl
Page 110 and 111:
and heterozygosi ty values found in
Page 112 and 113:
Viegas-Pequignot, E., and Dutrillau
Page 114 and 115:
cellular and molecular biology requ
Page 116 and 117:
structures in terms of visible morp
Page 118 and 119:
Although a Robertsonian translocati
Page 120 and 121:
Groves, c.P. 1969. On the smaller g
Page 122 and 123:
G. bilkis and the dark forms of G.
Page 124 and 125:
survey was carried out in February
Page 126 and 127:
Conservation action: International
Page 128 and 129:
12. Genetics of Saudi dorcas gazell
Page 130 and 131:
Genetic research can clarify the ta
Page 132 and 133:
dorcas gazelles Gazella do rcas ssp
Page 134 and 135:
y less than 2% from each other. How
Page 136 and 137:
Groves, c.P. 1969. On the smaller g
Page 138 and 139:
eflect the truly remarkable output
Page 140 and 141:
• National (central) government p
Page 142 and 143:
past colonial Africa and Asia, and
Page 144 and 145:
• Studies of gazelle growth rates
Page 146 and 147:
References Child, G., and Grainger,
Page 148 and 149:
14. Survey of Gazelle Populations i
Page 150 and 151:
Sony IPS-360 Global Positioning Sys
Page 152 and 153:
1. Mahkshush The gazelle habitat co
Page 154 and 155:
5. Jabal Jandaf A small population
Page 156 and 157:
A slight caveat is required to thes
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• Appoint one local auxiliary ran
Page 160 and 161:
Recommendations on park zoning, man
Page 162 and 163:
'9~ ~~~
Page 164 and 165:
flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber; her
Page 166 and 167:
salt marshes and associated sand du
Page 168 and 169:
Many projects were initiated at KlS
Page 170 and 171:
CG: Taxonomy is the essential backg
Page 172 and 173:
WR: On a mitochondrial DNA basis, w
Page 174 and 175:
CM & AG: We should not forget in si
Page 176 and 177:
- AG: What could the taxon called G
Page 178 and 179:
Gazella dorcas 1) Survey Al-Khunfah
Page 180 and 181:
3 Male mountain gazelle (Thumamah)
Page 182:
7 Female Arabian sand gazelle (Thum
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