CONSERVATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES - Nwrc.gov.sa

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Sony IPS-360 Global Positioning System), habitat type and condition, and estimated di stance to the nearest habitation. Full details of standardized observation fonns and interview questionnaires are given in Magin and Greth (1992). In regions where gazelle spoor was found at relatively low densities every sign (tracks and faecal pellet groups) was recorded. At higher densities tracks were ignored, except where they provided evidence that gazelles used areas where no faeces were found . Where gazelle spoor was very abundant (for example in the TarruJrix woodland at Mahkshush), only those signs which helped to delimit the range of the gazelle were recorded. Observations of other fauna of significant conservation interest (e.g. wolf Canis lupus, striped hyaena Hyaena hyaena) were also noted. Counts of gazelle faecal pellet groups were used as an index to compare gazelle density in different areas. Gazelle population sizes were "guesstimated" from a combination of interviews with local people, subjective comparisons between areas and estimates of the total gazelle range in each area. Results During the first five months (August - December (992) of the survey, 19 different areas from which gazelle were reported or suspected were visited (see Figure 14.1). Evidence of the continued presence of gazelle was found at 10 of these locations. In eight of the remaining areas it appeared that gazelle had become locally extinct since the last report or visit by NCWCD biOlogists, while in one, (Musfirah) because of a possible confusion between gazelle and Nubian ibex Capra ibex nubian a it could not be determined whether gazelle had ever been present in the recent past (Table 14.1). Ninety seven gazelle observations were made, of which 10 were actual sightings. A total of 17 gazelle were seen, of which nine were seen by the author (seven corroborated by other witnesses i.e. Arnaud Greth, Nigel Brown and Bachar AI Abed) and eight by other members of the survey team (five by Abdullah Mutairi and three by Kevin Dunham and Faye Robin son together). Group size ranged from one to three (mean = 1.7, SD = 0.7). All observers considered that the gazelles seen were G. g. cora. Most of the gazelle populations inhabited watershed areas of rocky hills dissected by small wadis, in which there were no through routes and little human habitation. With the notable exception of Mahkshush the vegetation was remarkably similar in most areas. Typical tree species included Acacia torti/is, Acacia ehrenbergiana and Lycium shawii, while ground cover consisted mainly of B/epharis ci/iaris, Indigofe ra spino<strong>sa</strong>, Tribu/us, Fagonia and Heliotropium spp., with the grasses Aristida and Stipagrostis spp. At altitudes over approximately 1,000 m the woody species Acacia azak was found, while at lower elevations Commiphora spp. were common. All gazelle habitats examined shared the characteristic of being difficult terrain for motor vehicles, where off-road driving would be tortuously slow. and were accessible only by a limited number of tracks. Conservation assessments of the 10 areas where the presence of gazelle was confinned are given below. 140
- Makkah SAUDI ARABIA AD! lRBIDAH* RED SEA ; Wadi A I Lith JABAL X JABAL AL SHURAFAH ", X X WAD! SHAlR WADI THURUBAH Bishah AI Baha_ WADI * SlURS (TIBALAH) X JABAL MARWAN KRA~ JABAL Q 'ARS :L QUSAIBA * JANDAF AI Qunfidah JA~~", BAHTtV ~.~* .. ~adi Hali MAKHSHUS -21< HABIB ElEN IDEEB 6. MUSFlRAH Major wadi _ Village -* City - Abha * WADI THAT AL QARN Gazelle population * ALHABDA ...... ~ 6. Possible gazelle population , (' X Recently extinct gazelle population FARASAN i ISLANDS \ !:-'- ---;':; ' a - --,-!':::-----,-' "" 50 tOO ISO JABAL j' .~ 0o';~~ Jizan GHURAB ·-..·.. , .i'~ * {"J ..-, 0 KHAB DOH J ......: '. , .' -, ,) ·YEMEN Figure 14.1 Map of gazelle survey zone in south-west Saudi Arabia. 141
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CONSERVATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES
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• 14 Survey of Gazelle Populatio
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List of Contributors Prof. Abdulaz
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Foreword HRH Prince SAUD AL-FAISAL
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1. Recent Developments in Gazelle C
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• April, 1988: Survey of the Fara
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- May, 1991: Capture of rheem from
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References Abuzinada, A., 1987. Int
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until Groves (1983) re-examined the
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Figure 2.1 a Figure 2.1 b
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Dissatisfaction with the BSC over t
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Nixon & Wheeler (1990) are not so d
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In order to test the PSC (phylogene
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(2) FEMALES Variable gazella cora
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two adult male and one adult female
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4 4 * 4 3 2 *33 1 1 * 1 * 2 1 1 I 5
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(2) FEMALES Variable G. bennelli (
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In the two other equally parsimonio
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ufifrons benneui saudiya subguuurcs
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By branch-swapping, using Macelade,
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On my first visit to AI-Areen, in 1
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anch of the premaxilla generally to
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J.R., and Morrison-Scott, T.C.S. 19
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Aden: 12°50'N, 45°03'E (4 skins,
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species is currently the subject of
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One area where local people are ins
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4. The Relationship Between Taxonom
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'I1Ie current status of taxonomy Ad
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There is much scope for conflict be
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The Controversial Subject of Gazell
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• Taxonomic argument: The divisio
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conventional taxonomic characters t
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divergence between the mitochondria
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Morphometries: Some morphological c
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operative progranune could be set u
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museum specimens (data extracted fr
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Acknowledgements This work was carr
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Lange, 1. 1972. Studien an Gazellen
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6. Modern Techniques in Taxonomy an
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protein electrophoresis still a val
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"molecular clock") has been establi
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Beni~hke, Nombela, J.J., Rodriguez
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7. Chromosonlal Evolution in Gazell
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and C. gazella (Vassart et ai., Art
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analysis. Systematic relationships
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management efforts, whether managem
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Kumamoto, A.T., and Bogart, M.H. 19
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Table 8.1 Mammalian cells in cultur
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genetic diversity in a subspecies w
Page 100 and 101: amount of change between individual
Page 102 and 103: pardus, at positions 38, 61, 64, an
Page 104 and 105: Wildlife Research Center (KKWRC), n
Page 106 and 107: grown m MEM medium supplemented wit
Page 108 and 109: was involved in a V-autosome transl
Page 110 and 111: and heterozygosi ty values found in
Page 112 and 113: Viegas-Pequignot, E., and Dutrillau
Page 114 and 115: cellular and molecular biology requ
Page 116 and 117: structures in terms of visible morp
Page 118 and 119: Although a Robertsonian translocati
Page 120 and 121: Groves, c.P. 1969. On the smaller g
Page 122 and 123: G. bilkis and the dark forms of G.
Page 124 and 125: survey was carried out in February
Page 126 and 127: Conservation action: International
Page 128 and 129: 12. Genetics of Saudi dorcas gazell
Page 130 and 131: Genetic research can clarify the ta
Page 132 and 133: dorcas gazelles Gazella do rcas ssp
Page 134 and 135: y less than 2% from each other. How
Page 136 and 137: Groves, c.P. 1969. On the smaller g
Page 138 and 139: eflect the truly remarkable output
Page 140 and 141: • National (central) government p
Page 142 and 143: past colonial Africa and Asia, and
Page 144 and 145: • Studies of gazelle growth rates
Page 146 and 147: References Child, G., and Grainger,
Page 148 and 149: 14. Survey of Gazelle Populations i
Page 152 and 153: 1. Mahkshush The gazelle habitat co
Page 154 and 155: 5. Jabal Jandaf A small population
Page 156 and 157: A slight caveat is required to thes
Page 158 and 159: • Appoint one local auxiliary ran
Page 160 and 161: Recommendations on park zoning, man
Page 162 and 163: '9~ ~~~
Page 164 and 165: flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber; her
Page 166 and 167: salt marshes and associated sand du
Page 168 and 169: Many projects were initiated at KlS
Page 170 and 171: CG: Taxonomy is the essential backg
Page 172 and 173: WR: On a mitochondrial DNA basis, w
Page 174 and 175: CM & AG: We should not forget in si
Page 176 and 177: - AG: What could the taxon called G
Page 178 and 179: Gazella dorcas 1) Survey Al-Khunfah
Page 180 and 181: 3 Male mountain gazelle (Thumamah)
Page 182: 7 Female Arabian sand gazelle (Thum
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