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Groves, c.P. 1969. On the smaller gazelles of the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816. Zeitschrift /iir Siiugetierkunde, 34: 38-60. Groves, c.P. 1985. An introduction to the gazelles. Chinkara, 1: 4-16. Groves, c.P. 1988. A catalogue of the genus Gazella. In Dixon, A, and Jones, D. (eds), Conservation and Biology of Desert Antelopes. Christopher Helm, London. Pp. 193-198. Groves, c.P. 1989. The gazelles of the Arabian peninsula. In Abuzinada, A.H., Goriup, P.D., and Nader, LA (eds), Wildlife Conservation and DevelopmetU in Saudi Arabia. National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development, Riyadh. Pp. 237-248. Groves, c.P., and Harrison, D.L. 1967. The taxonomy of the gazelles (genus Gazella) of Arabia. Journal of Zoology (wndon), 152: 381-387. Grzimek, B. 1968. Grzimek's Tierleben, Enzyklopedie Des Tierreiches, Band XliI Saugetiere 4, Kindler Verlag, Zurich. Haltenorth, T., and Diller, H. 1980. A Field Guide to the Mammals ofAfrica including Madagascar. William Collins Sons and Co Ltd, London . Harrison, D.L., and Bates, P.J.J. 1991 . The mammals ofArabia, second edition. Harrison Zoological Museum Publication, Seven oaks, England. Honacki, J.H., Kinman, KE., and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World, a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. The Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. Irwin, D.M., Kocher, T.D., and Wilson, AC. 1991. Evolution of the cytochrome b gene of mammals. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 32: 128-144. lUCN, 1990. 1990 IUCN Red List ofThreiuened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK Kingdon, J. 1990. Arabian mammals, a natural history. Academic Press, London. Lewis, R.E., Lewis, J.H., and Harrison, D.L. 1965. On a collection of mammals from northern Saudi Arabia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society ofwlldoll, 144: 61-74. Nader, 1.A 1989. Rare and endangered mammal s of Saudi Arabia. In Abuzinada, A.H., Goriup, P.D., and Nader, LA (eds), Wildlife Conservation and Developmellt ill Saudi Arabia. National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development, Riyadh. Pp. 220-233. O'Regan, B.P. 1984. Gazelles and dwarf antelopes. In MacDonald, D. (ed), Hoofed Mammals (A ll The World's Allim.als). Torstar Books Inc., New York. Pp. 134-141. Rebholz, W.E.R., Williamson, D., and Rietkerk, F. 1991. Saudi gazelle (Gazella saudiya) is not a subspecies of dorcas gazelle. Zoo Biology, 10: 485-489. Ryder, O.A. 1987. Conservation action for gazelles: an urgent need. Trends ill Ecology and Evolution, 6: 143-144. Ryder, O.A., and Chemnick, L.G. 1990. Chromosomal and molecular evolution in Asiatic wild asses. Genetica, 83: 67-72. Spinage, C.A. 1986. The Natural History ofAntelopes. Croom Helm, London. Thouless, C.R., Grainger, J.G., Shobrak, M., and Habibi, K 1991. Conservation status of gazelles in Saudi Arabia. Biological Conservation, 58: 85-98. Walther, F.R., Mungall, E.C., and Grau, G.A. 1983. Gazelles and Their Relatives, A Study in Territorial Behavior. Noyes Publications, New Jersey. 127
13. Global Antelope Survey, Action Plans and Actions Chris Hillman Abstract: The Antelope Specialist Croup (ASC) of lUCN's Species Survival Commission (SSC) was established in 1978 with the priority of determining the conservation status and trend of antelope species. Since 1985 the information obtained has been compiled, and 10 date three volumes entitled "Global Survey and Regional Action Plans" have been produced covering sub-Saharan Africa. Th e fourth volume will cover North Africa and Asia. Most country information is qualitative, underlining the urgent need for qUflntitative antelope data. Limited information on population dynamics indicates a downwards trend for many species, due to habitat loss, modification and commercial over-utilization for meat. Certain species are now in a critical state. A further limitation of the information concerns the taxonomy of certain groups, particularly the gazelle, duiker and hartebeest groups. Th e ASG is primarily a scientific advisory group, highlighting the need for integration of action plans for all taxa for geographic and political areas; and identifying areas where conservation organizations should direct assistance. The onus is upon national governments to carry out specific aspects of action plans. At present limited information is available and species in need of allelllion have been identified; limited funds exist, but can rarely be directed efficiently at the needs ofa species, without the integrated overall environmental management required. Keywords: ruCN/SSC, ASG, global survey, action plan, conservation, antelope Introduction This paper attempts to outline the work and policy of the ruCN Species Survival Commission Antelope Specialist Group (IUCN/SSC ASG). The infonnation presented relies heavily on the tremendous work put into the Antelope Specialist Group productions, collated and compiled by Dr Rod East. These represent much of what is known about antelope at the present time, and contain specific references and communicators' names and contacts from which the infonnation was amassed. My own conservation knowledge and work experience is limited to East and north-east Africa and to antelope in general, but has evolved into concern for the overall environment and man's part in it. The paper also attempts to address the context of the present meeting with reference to gazelle and wildlife conservation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Global antelope survey The Antelope Specialist Group (AS G) was established in 1978, and held its first fonnal meeting in 1980. At this it was decided that the first priority for the group was the determination of the conservation status and population trends of all antelope species. Hence the Global Survey was instigated. Simple report fonns were sent out initially to people in the field, and with experience from various antelope areas; however the main effort did not begin until 1985, when a volunteer - Dr Rod East of New Zealand, offered his services as compiler. Since that time the three current volumes of the ASG Global Antelope Survey and Action Plans have appeared (East, 1988; 1989; 1990). They 128
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CONSERVATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES
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• 14 Survey of Gazelle Populatio
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List of Contributors Prof. Abdulaz
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Foreword HRH Prince SAUD AL-FAISAL
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1. Recent Developments in Gazelle C
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• April, 1988: Survey of the Fara
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- May, 1991: Capture of rheem from
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References Abuzinada, A., 1987. Int
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until Groves (1983) re-examined the
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Figure 2.1 a Figure 2.1 b
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Dissatisfaction with the BSC over t
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Nixon & Wheeler (1990) are not so d
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In order to test the PSC (phylogene
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(2) FEMALES Variable gazella cora
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two adult male and one adult female
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4 4 * 4 3 2 *33 1 1 * 1 * 2 1 1 I 5
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(2) FEMALES Variable G. bennelli (
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In the two other equally parsimonio
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ufifrons benneui saudiya subguuurcs
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By branch-swapping, using Macelade,
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On my first visit to AI-Areen, in 1
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anch of the premaxilla generally to
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J.R., and Morrison-Scott, T.C.S. 19
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Aden: 12°50'N, 45°03'E (4 skins,
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species is currently the subject of
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One area where local people are ins
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4. The Relationship Between Taxonom
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'I1Ie current status of taxonomy Ad
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There is much scope for conflict be
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The Controversial Subject of Gazell
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• Taxonomic argument: The divisio
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conventional taxonomic characters t
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divergence between the mitochondria
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Morphometries: Some morphological c
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operative progranune could be set u
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museum specimens (data extracted fr
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Acknowledgements This work was carr
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Lange, 1. 1972. Studien an Gazellen
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6. Modern Techniques in Taxonomy an
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protein electrophoresis still a val
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"molecular clock") has been establi
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Beni~hke, Nombela, J.J., Rodriguez
Page 86 and 87: 7. Chromosonlal Evolution in Gazell
Page 88 and 89: and C. gazella (Vassart et ai., Art
Page 90 and 91: analysis. Systematic relationships
Page 92 and 93: management efforts, whether managem
Page 94 and 95: Kumamoto, A.T., and Bogart, M.H. 19
Page 96 and 97: Table 8.1 Mammalian cells in cultur
Page 98 and 99: genetic diversity in a subspecies w
Page 100 and 101: amount of change between individual
Page 102 and 103: pardus, at positions 38, 61, 64, an
Page 104 and 105: Wildlife Research Center (KKWRC), n
Page 106 and 107: grown m MEM medium supplemented wit
Page 108 and 109: was involved in a V-autosome transl
Page 110 and 111: and heterozygosi ty values found in
Page 112 and 113: Viegas-Pequignot, E., and Dutrillau
Page 114 and 115: cellular and molecular biology requ
Page 116 and 117: structures in terms of visible morp
Page 118 and 119: Although a Robertsonian translocati
Page 120 and 121: Groves, c.P. 1969. On the smaller g
Page 122 and 123: G. bilkis and the dark forms of G.
Page 124 and 125: survey was carried out in February
Page 126 and 127: Conservation action: International
Page 128 and 129: 12. Genetics of Saudi dorcas gazell
Page 130 and 131: Genetic research can clarify the ta
Page 132 and 133: dorcas gazelles Gazella do rcas ssp
Page 134 and 135: y less than 2% from each other. How
Page 138 and 139: eflect the truly remarkable output
Page 140 and 141: • National (central) government p
Page 142 and 143: past colonial Africa and Asia, and
Page 144 and 145: • Studies of gazelle growth rates
Page 146 and 147: References Child, G., and Grainger,
Page 148 and 149: 14. Survey of Gazelle Populations i
Page 150 and 151: Sony IPS-360 Global Positioning Sys
Page 152 and 153: 1. Mahkshush The gazelle habitat co
Page 154 and 155: 5. Jabal Jandaf A small population
Page 156 and 157: A slight caveat is required to thes
Page 158 and 159: • Appoint one local auxiliary ran
Page 160 and 161: Recommendations on park zoning, man
Page 162 and 163: '9~ ~~~
Page 164 and 165: flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber; her
Page 166 and 167: salt marshes and associated sand du
Page 168 and 169: Many projects were initiated at KlS
Page 170 and 171: CG: Taxonomy is the essential backg
Page 172 and 173: WR: On a mitochondrial DNA basis, w
Page 174 and 175: CM & AG: We should not forget in si
Page 176 and 177: - AG: What could the taxon called G
Page 178 and 179: Gazella dorcas 1) Survey Al-Khunfah
Page 180 and 181: 3 Male mountain gazelle (Thumamah)
Page 182: 7 Female Arabian sand gazelle (Thum
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