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salt marshes and associated sand dunes, artificial oases (e.g. Kazma gardens), Jal Az-Zor escarpment and wadis, and the gravel sandy area. Introduction and reintroduction of wildlife in the area can include either re-stocking the disappearing species of local fauna or reintroducing animal species that used to live in the region. Creation of artificial oasis inside the park boundaries with an abundance of water and trees will serve the purpose of conservation. An aviary should be established in this oasis to house the species of birds proposed for introduction or reintroduction. It is suggested that the following birds be released into the park: houbara bustard Chlamydotis undulata macqueeni, ostrich Struthio camelus camelus, chukar Alectoris chukar, and sandgrouse Pterodes spp. /I /I /I II II ~¢> ~.:i
Reintroduction of the following mammals was also recommended: rheem gazelle Gazella subgutturosa marica, Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx, wild ass Equus hemionus onager, Cape hare Lepus capensis, and Arabian sand cat Felis margarita harrisoni, It is recommended that wildlife is first reintroduced into isolated areas such as Failaka Island, When the animals and birds are fully adapted to the environmental conditions in the area and their population size increases, they can then be transferred to the open land in the National Park, Operational plan for the management and development of Kuwait ("Jal Az-Zor") National Park Under the auspices of the Range and Afforestation Department at PAAFR, funds were allocated for the erection of a 2m high wire fence along the park boundaries, Protection measures were also implemented by utilizing the manpower at four police stations in the park area, Continuous patrolling of the area and relocation of park users to areas outside the park boundaries were the main measures taken to protect the area, The erection of the fence was completed in early 1990, but the implementation plan for the establishment of the park ceased in August 1990 when the Gulf crisis started, Potential future protected areas in Kuwait A field reconnaissance survey was conducted to identify other sites in Kuwait that might be suitable as national parks, The survey was limited to areas delineated by the Kuwait Municipality in its Master Plan Second Review, Three desert regions were investigated and proposed as potential future protected areas: AI Batin in the south-west, Um-Niqa in the north-east, and Al-Khiran in the southeast of Kuwait (Figure 15, I), The islands of Kuwait (Kubbar, Qaru, Bobyan, Umm AI-Muradem and part of Failaka) were recommended as marine parks, Exclosures for the protection of habitats and native plants were established at different localities in Kuwait. Since 1980, KlSR has conducted research to monitor changes in the structure and species composition of range plants inside and outside the exclosures, Other areas for the conservation of native wildlife were also proposed by EPC and Kuwait University, Post-war status of the wildlife and vegetation In early March 1991, more than 700 Kuwaiti oil fields were set on fire by the Iraqi forces (AI Besharah, 1992) causing catastrophic environmental pollution, Many articles cautioned that the well head fires and oil spills could cause serious environmental damage (AI-Saui, 1992; Blackwelder, 1991 ; Kuhn, 1991), Rice and Sheppard (1991) raised concerns about oil spill pollution on the marine environment because of the vulnerability of the Gulf ecosystem , Under these recently altered environmental conditions it could be expected that some Changes in the desert ecosystem will have taken place, A field reconnaissance survey in desert areas heavily contaminated with oil was conducted in August 1991 and October 1992, The dominant vegetation community in the area is Cyperus conglomeratus in association with Cornulaca, Field observation showed that crude oil flows and aerosol deposits (mist, soot and partially combusted oil) contaminated the plants and most of the soil in the area (Omar and Bartolome, 1992), 157
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CONSERVATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES
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• 14 Survey of Gazelle Populatio
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List of Contributors Prof. Abdulaz
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Foreword HRH Prince SAUD AL-FAISAL
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1. Recent Developments in Gazelle C
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• April, 1988: Survey of the Fara
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- May, 1991: Capture of rheem from
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References Abuzinada, A., 1987. Int
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until Groves (1983) re-examined the
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Figure 2.1 a Figure 2.1 b
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Dissatisfaction with the BSC over t
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Nixon & Wheeler (1990) are not so d
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In order to test the PSC (phylogene
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(2) FEMALES Variable gazella cora
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two adult male and one adult female
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4 4 * 4 3 2 *33 1 1 * 1 * 2 1 1 I 5
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(2) FEMALES Variable G. bennelli (
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In the two other equally parsimonio
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ufifrons benneui saudiya subguuurcs
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By branch-swapping, using Macelade,
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On my first visit to AI-Areen, in 1
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anch of the premaxilla generally to
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J.R., and Morrison-Scott, T.C.S. 19
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Aden: 12°50'N, 45°03'E (4 skins,
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species is currently the subject of
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One area where local people are ins
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4. The Relationship Between Taxonom
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'I1Ie current status of taxonomy Ad
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There is much scope for conflict be
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The Controversial Subject of Gazell
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• Taxonomic argument: The divisio
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conventional taxonomic characters t
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divergence between the mitochondria
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Morphometries: Some morphological c
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operative progranune could be set u
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museum specimens (data extracted fr
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Acknowledgements This work was carr
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Lange, 1. 1972. Studien an Gazellen
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6. Modern Techniques in Taxonomy an
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protein electrophoresis still a val
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"molecular clock") has been establi
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Beni~hke, Nombela, J.J., Rodriguez
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7. Chromosonlal Evolution in Gazell
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and C. gazella (Vassart et ai., Art
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analysis. Systematic relationships
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management efforts, whether managem
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Kumamoto, A.T., and Bogart, M.H. 19
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Table 8.1 Mammalian cells in cultur
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genetic diversity in a subspecies w
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amount of change between individual
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pardus, at positions 38, 61, 64, an
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Wildlife Research Center (KKWRC), n
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grown m MEM medium supplemented wit
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was involved in a V-autosome transl
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and heterozygosi ty values found in
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Viegas-Pequignot, E., and Dutrillau
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cellular and molecular biology requ
Page 116 and 117: structures in terms of visible morp
Page 118 and 119: Although a Robertsonian translocati
Page 120 and 121: Groves, c.P. 1969. On the smaller g
Page 122 and 123: G. bilkis and the dark forms of G.
Page 124 and 125: survey was carried out in February
Page 126 and 127: Conservation action: International
Page 128 and 129: 12. Genetics of Saudi dorcas gazell
Page 130 and 131: Genetic research can clarify the ta
Page 132 and 133: dorcas gazelles Gazella do rcas ssp
Page 134 and 135: y less than 2% from each other. How
Page 136 and 137: Groves, c.P. 1969. On the smaller g
Page 138 and 139: eflect the truly remarkable output
Page 140 and 141: • National (central) government p
Page 142 and 143: past colonial Africa and Asia, and
Page 144 and 145: • Studies of gazelle growth rates
Page 146 and 147: References Child, G., and Grainger,
Page 148 and 149: 14. Survey of Gazelle Populations i
Page 150 and 151: Sony IPS-360 Global Positioning Sys
Page 152 and 153: 1. Mahkshush The gazelle habitat co
Page 154 and 155: 5. Jabal Jandaf A small population
Page 156 and 157: A slight caveat is required to thes
Page 158 and 159: • Appoint one local auxiliary ran
Page 160 and 161: Recommendations on park zoning, man
Page 162 and 163: '9~ ~~~
Page 164 and 165: flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber; her
Page 168 and 169: Many projects were initiated at KlS
Page 170 and 171: CG: Taxonomy is the essential backg
Page 172 and 173: WR: On a mitochondrial DNA basis, w
Page 174 and 175: CM & AG: We should not forget in si
Page 176 and 177: - AG: What could the taxon called G
Page 178 and 179: Gazella dorcas 1) Survey Al-Khunfah
Page 180 and 181: 3 Male mountain gazelle (Thumamah)
Page 182: 7 Female Arabian sand gazelle (Thum
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