CONSERVATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES - Nwrc.gov.sa

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• Studies of gazelle growth rates and development in captivity for the assessment of the validity of morphological characters in taxonomic assessment; • Integration of conservation and environmental management activities between the various authorities concerned, on a national and regional basis, in order that environmental conservation on the peninsula as a whole shall benefit and progress. Conclusion If we fulfill the ASG goal of conserving "as many populations as possible over as wide a range of habitats as possible" then we will probably have covered much of the genetic variability within a "species". The more attention we give to "subspecies" and "races", the more times we have to subdivide the conservation dollar, and the more costly captive breeding becomes. It is more efficient at this juncture to concentrate efforts to maintain what we have where we have it, as far as is possible, while at the same time determining the taxonomic affiliations. In the long run, it is the conservation of sufficient areas of ecosystems, as naturally complete as possible, that will en sure the survival of genetic variability, biodiversity and species. For as long as surveys and action plans continue to accumulate without any action forthcoming, or in the case of the developing countries, the means to achieve the action being proposed, they will continue to be looked upon as useful sources of information on various taxa, and as ideals that cannot be achieved. The very high proportion of involvement by academic workers outside the areas where the species exist, and/or by expatriates, also labels the plans as a form of technical tourism, with limited relevance to real life in the developing world. This is where national co-ordinating committees, based on the NCS process, could make the greatest contribution in amalgamating all proposals for the conservation of various aspects of the environment into a national plan. It is, sadly, far easier for example to fund the development and management of the Senkelle Swayne's Hartebeest Sanctuary (54 km 2 ) for example, than it is to deal with Ethiopia's critical problems of human survival in the face of crippling environmental degradation, civil war and famine - all of which stem from the failure of the global community (including Ethiopia) to achieve an equitable sharing of natural reSOurces and the development of reasonable living standards globally. We in northern countries continue to commandeer more than our fair share - 80% - of natural resources at bargain prices, despite the fact that we comprise such a small proportion of the world's population - 20% (lUeN, 1980). Until such time as we find a solution to human survival needs and the maintenance of critical ecological processes, the management of protected areas in Africa and much of Asia, is doomed to a cycle of burgeoning defensive wall construction, and failure. Recent events in Ethiopia illustrate only too well the consequences of the removal, albeit briefly, of the defensive system presently ensuring the survival of protected areas and their species. Within a few days three endangered large mammal species - two of them antelope - had been brought to the verge of extinction (Hillman, 1991; Tadesse et at., 1992). Similar tragedies can be expected elsewhere as the pressure on the environment builds up in one of the scenarios visualized by East (I 992b). The alternative scenario (to that above) - of falling human population levels, improved living standards and the return of the benefits of conservation to the people of the area - is plausible, but only at extreme costs in human terms (famine, war and AIDS). 134
In contrast, consider the situation in Oman where local people are involved at all stages of the reintroduction of the Arabian oryx Oryx ie!
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CONSERVATION OF ARABIAN GAZELLES
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• 14 Survey of Gazelle Populatio
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List of Contributors Prof. Abdulaz
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Foreword HRH Prince SAUD AL-FAISAL
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1. Recent Developments in Gazelle C
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• April, 1988: Survey of the Fara
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- May, 1991: Capture of rheem from
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References Abuzinada, A., 1987. Int
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until Groves (1983) re-examined the
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Figure 2.1 a Figure 2.1 b
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Dissatisfaction with the BSC over t
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Nixon & Wheeler (1990) are not so d
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In order to test the PSC (phylogene
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(2) FEMALES Variable gazella cora
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two adult male and one adult female
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4 4 * 4 3 2 *33 1 1 * 1 * 2 1 1 I 5
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(2) FEMALES Variable G. bennelli (
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In the two other equally parsimonio
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ufifrons benneui saudiya subguuurcs
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By branch-swapping, using Macelade,
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On my first visit to AI-Areen, in 1
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anch of the premaxilla generally to
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J.R., and Morrison-Scott, T.C.S. 19
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Aden: 12°50'N, 45°03'E (4 skins,
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species is currently the subject of
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One area where local people are ins
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4. The Relationship Between Taxonom
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'I1Ie current status of taxonomy Ad
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There is much scope for conflict be
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The Controversial Subject of Gazell
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• Taxonomic argument: The divisio
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conventional taxonomic characters t
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divergence between the mitochondria
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Morphometries: Some morphological c
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operative progranune could be set u
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museum specimens (data extracted fr
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Acknowledgements This work was carr
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Lange, 1. 1972. Studien an Gazellen
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6. Modern Techniques in Taxonomy an
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protein electrophoresis still a val
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"molecular clock") has been establi
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Beni~hke, Nombela, J.J., Rodriguez
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7. Chromosonlal Evolution in Gazell
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and C. gazella (Vassart et ai., Art
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analysis. Systematic relationships
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management efforts, whether managem
Page 94 and 95: Kumamoto, A.T., and Bogart, M.H. 19
Page 96 and 97: Table 8.1 Mammalian cells in cultur
Page 98 and 99: genetic diversity in a subspecies w
Page 100 and 101: amount of change between individual
Page 102 and 103: pardus, at positions 38, 61, 64, an
Page 104 and 105: Wildlife Research Center (KKWRC), n
Page 106 and 107: grown m MEM medium supplemented wit
Page 108 and 109: was involved in a V-autosome transl
Page 110 and 111: and heterozygosi ty values found in
Page 112 and 113: Viegas-Pequignot, E., and Dutrillau
Page 114 and 115: cellular and molecular biology requ
Page 116 and 117: structures in terms of visible morp
Page 118 and 119: Although a Robertsonian translocati
Page 120 and 121: Groves, c.P. 1969. On the smaller g
Page 122 and 123: G. bilkis and the dark forms of G.
Page 124 and 125: survey was carried out in February
Page 126 and 127: Conservation action: International
Page 128 and 129: 12. Genetics of Saudi dorcas gazell
Page 130 and 131: Genetic research can clarify the ta
Page 132 and 133: dorcas gazelles Gazella do rcas ssp
Page 134 and 135: y less than 2% from each other. How
Page 136 and 137: Groves, c.P. 1969. On the smaller g
Page 138 and 139: eflect the truly remarkable output
Page 140 and 141: • National (central) government p
Page 142 and 143: past colonial Africa and Asia, and
Page 146 and 147: References Child, G., and Grainger,
Page 148 and 149: 14. Survey of Gazelle Populations i
Page 150 and 151: Sony IPS-360 Global Positioning Sys
Page 152 and 153: 1. Mahkshush The gazelle habitat co
Page 154 and 155: 5. Jabal Jandaf A small population
Page 156 and 157: A slight caveat is required to thes
Page 158 and 159: • Appoint one local auxiliary ran
Page 160 and 161: Recommendations on park zoning, man
Page 162 and 163: '9~ ~~~
Page 164 and 165: flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber; her
Page 166 and 167: salt marshes and associated sand du
Page 168 and 169: Many projects were initiated at KlS
Page 170 and 171: CG: Taxonomy is the essential backg
Page 172 and 173: WR: On a mitochondrial DNA basis, w
Page 174 and 175: CM & AG: We should not forget in si
Page 176 and 177: - AG: What could the taxon called G
Page 178 and 179: Gazella dorcas 1) Survey Al-Khunfah
Page 180 and 181: 3 Male mountain gazelle (Thumamah)
Page 182: 7 Female Arabian sand gazelle (Thum
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