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The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Time of Year On The Quality and Quantity of Soft Red Winter Wheat Forage C. R. Bailey, L. B. Daniels, W. K. Coblentz, E. B. Kegley, A. H. Brown, Jr., C. Rosenkrans, Z. B. Johnson, and T. J. Wistuba...................93 Economics of Production Systems Involving Stocker Cattle and Soft Red Winter Wheat from 1996 through 1999 L. B. Daniels, K. F. Harrison, D. S. Hubbell, III, Z. B. Johnson, T. E. Windham, and E. B. Kegley...............................................................96 Effects of Stockpiling Initiation Date and Nitrogen Fertilization Rate on the Yield of Stockpiled Bermudagrass Harvested Throughout the Fall and Winter D. A. Scarbrough, W. K. Coblentz, K. P. Coffey, J. E. Turner, J. B. Humphry, and K. F. Harrison..............................................................103 Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Subsequent Partitioning of Nitrogen in Cell Wall and Cell Soluble Fractions in Bermudagrass Forages W. K. Coblentz, J. L. Gunsaulis, M. B Daniels, J. E. Turner, D. A. Scarbrough, J. B. Humphry, K. P. Coffey, K. A. Teague, J. D. Speight, and M. R. Gross................................................................................................................................................107 Influence of Moisture Concentration at Baling on Storage Characteristics of Bermudagrass Hay J. E. Turner, W. K. Coblentz, D. A. Scarbrough, D. W. Kellogg, K. P. Coffey, L. J. McBeth, and R. T. Rhein..............................................111 Influence of Moisture Concentration at Baling on the Nutritive Value of Bermudagrass Hay as Affected by Time in Storage J. E. Turner, W. K. Coblentz, D. A. Scarbrough, D. W. Kellogg, K. P. Coffey, L. J. McBeth, and R. T. Rhein..............................................114 Effects of Spontaneous Heating on Estimates of Ruminal Nitrogen Degradation in Bermudagrass Hays from Two Harvests W. K. Coblentz, J. E. Turner, D. A. Scarbrough, K. P. Coffey, D. W. Kellogg, and L. J. McBeth.................................................................117 Impact of Spontaneous Heating During Storage of Bermudagrass Hay on In situ Degradation Kinetics from Steers L. J. McBeth, K. P. Coffey, W. K. Coblentz, D. H. Hellwig, J. E. Turner, and D. A. Scarbrough.................................................................122 Update: Influence of Grazing System and Stocking Rate on Performance of Stocker Calves K. A. Cassida, C. B. Stewart, S. A. Gunter, and P. A. Beck...........................................................................................................................127 Effects of Tall Fescue Inoculated with Novel Endophytes on Steer Growth and Development M. E. Nihsen, E. L. Piper, C. P. West, T. Denard, J. Hayward, R. C. Crawford, and C. F. Rosenkrans, Jr..................................................130 Macromineral Concentrations of Grazed Forage Fertilized with Broiler Litter B. Humphry, K. Coffey, T. Sauer, and H. L. Goodwin...................................................................................................................................133 Yield and Nutritive Value of Eastern Gamagrass at Ten Harvest Dates M. S. H. Mashingo, D. W. Kellogg, W. K. Coblentz, D. A. Scarbrough, K. S. Anschutz, J. E. Turner, and R. Panivivat..............................138 Climatic Adaptation and Reseeding Potential of Alternative Annual Legumes in Southwest Arkansas K. A. Cassida and C. B. Stewart...................................................................................................................................................................141 Effects Of Monensin and Lasalocid on Mineral Metabolism of Wethers Fed Bermudagrass Hay S. M. Williamson, E. B. Kegley, D. L. Galloway, T. J. Wistuba, and K. P. Coffey .......................................................................................145 2000 Dairy Herd Improvement Herds in Arkansas J. A. Pennington............................................................................................................................................................................................150 Growth, Luteal Activity, and Pregnancy Rates of Three Breed Types of Dairy Heifers in a Forage-Based Development Program A. H. Brown, Jr., D. W. Kellogg, Z. B. Johnson, R. W. Rorie, W. K. Coblentz, B. A. Sandelin, and K. E. Lesmeister..................................155 The Impact of Multiple Antimicrobial Intervention Agents on Ground Beef Sensory Properties F. W. Pohlman, M. R. Stivarius, K. S. McElyea, Z. B. Johnson, and M. G. Johnson.....................................................................................160 The Impact of Multiple Antimicrobial Intervention Agents on Ground Beef Color F. W. Pohlman, M. R. Stivarius, K. S McElyea, Z. B. Johnson, and M. G. Johnson.....................................................................................164 The Use of Hurdle Technology to Reduce Microorganisms in Ground Beef F. W. Pohlman, M. R. Stivarius, K. S. McElyea, Z. B. Johnson, and M. G. Johnson....................................................................................168 Consumer Acceptability of Forage Fed Beef J. T. Lockhart, K. J. Simon, L. B. Daniels, F. Pohlman, and Z. B. Johnson...................................................................................................172 Cover photo: Dean Scarbrough, Ph.D. student and research associate, conducting forage research.
Instruction in Milk Production Using a Tour of Diverse Farms D. W. Kellogg 1 Story in Brief The popular Milk Production course involves travel to a variety of dairy farms so students can observe different facilities and study various management styles. Milking and handling facilities range from small, inexpensive herringbone and trigon milking parlors to large, automated parlors that require huge capital investments. Relatively new parallel parlors with rapid exit technology are observed. Two New Zealand innovations are included on the tour: 1) a 64-cow, low-technology, herringbone milking parlor in a barn that is open (has no walls) on three sides and 2) a high-technology, 40-cow rotary milking system. Housing systems vary from cows on pasture and in southwestern-style dry lot corrals to cows maintained in new free-stall barns. Managers and owners explain their management styles, discuss their problems, and demonstrate animal handling facilities. Students express their appreciation for the “hands-on” learning made available by traveling to the dairy farms. Introduction In 1997 Dr. Charles Rosenkrans and Dr. A. Hayden Brown led a group of students on a tour of farms to demonstrate various styles of dairy farming in the region. After that first trip was evaluated, it was decided that the idea was worth pursuing to instruct interested students. The only major frustration that surfaced was the need for students to gain some basic information before leaving the campus so they could understand terminology used by dairy producers and could ask intelligent questions. For the past 4 years, Dr. Kellogg has directed the course and included a 4-day farm tour in three states. Other faculty members, extension specialists, private consultants, and dairy producers have assisted with the instruction. Students have given excellent evaluations of the course, and many suggestions for its improvement have been incorporated to improve the course. The goals of the milk production course are to provide a basic understanding and specific vocabulary of dairy farming, to observe different facilities for milking and housing cattle, and to study various management styles of well-managed dairy farms for advanced undergraduate students. Experimental Procedures Three, 3-hour lecture sessions were scheduled to present an overview of nutrition, reproduction, genetics, record systems, herd health, and marketing. Separate sessions were offered on two evenings for consecutive weeks to encourage attendance. The video, “From Feed to Milk: Understanding Rumen Function” (Heinrichs et al., 1996), was selected to present dairy cattle nutrition and management to the class. Slide presentations titled, “Survey of management practices used for the highest producing DHI herds in the United States” (Kellogg et al., 2001) and, “Optimal genetic improvement for the high producing cow”, (Cassell, 2001) were used to present management and genetics. Dr. A. H. Brown served as a guest lecturer on genetic improvement and selection of cows. Material was provided by Dr. Rick Rorie for the presentation on reproductive management and artificial insemination of cows. Pasture-based dairy farming was demonstrated at Double D Dairy Farm near Rudy (AR), Simon Family Dairy Farm near Conway (AR), Green Acres Dairy Farm near Greenbrier (AR), Helms Dairy Farm near Arkadelphia (AR), Pine Star Farm near Sulphur Springs (TX), and Alexis Roulet Dairy near Evansville (AR) on the most recent tour. To show students the techniques used for intensive housing of dairy cows, tours were arranged at Ark-Tenn Dairy Farm near Center Ridge (AR), Rose-Ark Dairy near Rosebud (AR), Jack Kempanaar Dairy Farm near Sulphur Springs (TX), Johnston Dairy Farm near Comanche (TX), and Alan Richey Dairy near Durant (OK). Herds with open corral systems were the Leo and Christina Ruyne’s Farm near Sulphur Springs (TX) with wading ponds to cool cows and the Juan Escobar Dairy Farm near Comanche (TX) with shades to cool cows. The herds also represented a selected sample of different milking parlors used in the region, including varying levels of automation. All six breeds of dairy cattle were represented on the farms. Different styles of management included milking two vs. three times daily, grouping cows by production vs. grouping cows by stage of lactation, and registered vs. grade (or commercial purebred) cows. Students were required to keep a journal of the trip and to record their impressions of each farm. Students were instructed in advance to select a topic about dairy farming that interested them on the tour. After returning to campus, 1 Author is associated with the Department of Animal Science, Fayetteville. 7
Page 1 and 2: Arkansas Animal Science Department
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Page 6 and 7: INTRODUCTION The faculty and staff
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Arkansas Animal Science Department
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