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Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2001 Table 4. Effects of N fertilization on concentrations of cell-soluble N (NDSN) in bermudagrass harvested at two sites near Lincoln, AR. --------------------- Stephens site ---------------------- --------------------------- Latta site -------------------------- Fertilization rate May 30 July 7 August 18 May 30 July 7 August 18 lb N/acre ---------------------------------------------------------- % of N ------------------------------------------------------------- 0 55.5 61.4 63.9 70.2 63.1 63.6 50 60.2 64.8 65.6 71.6 58.6 65.4 100 60.4 62.3 66.3 73.7 60.3 67.3 150 63.4 62.5 67.3 75.6 63.0 64.6 SEM 1 1.13 1.38 0.98 1.50 1.95 0.83 Effect 2 L= 0.001 NS L = 0.047 L = 0.033 NS Q = 0.022 1 Standard error of the mean. 2 NS, not significant (P > 0.05); L, linear effect; Q, quadratic effect. Table 5. Effects of N fertilization on concentrations of cell-wall associated N (NDIN) in bermudagrass harvested at two sites near Lincoln, AR. --------------------- Stephens site ---------------------- --------------------------- Latta site -------------------------- Fertilization rate May 30 July 7 August 18 May 30 July 7 August 18 lb N/acre ---------------------------------------------------------- % of N ------------------------------------------------------------- 0 44.5 38.6 36.1 29.9 36.9 36.4 50 39.8 35.2 34.4 28.4 41.4 34.6 100 39.6 37.7 33.7 26.3 39.7 32.7 150 36.6 37.5 32.7 24.4 37.0 35.4 SEM 1 1.13 1.38 0.98 1.50 1.95 0.83 Effect 2 L= 0.001 NS L = 0.047 L = 0.033 NS Q = 0.022 1 Standard error of the mean. 2 NS, not significant (P > 0.05); L, linear effect; Q, quadratic effect. Table 6. Effects of N fertilization on concentrations of acid-detergent insoluble N (ADIN) in bermudagrass harvested at two sites near Lincoln, AR. --------------------- Stephens site ---------------------- --------------------------- Latta site -------------------------- Fertilization rate May 30 July 7 August 18 May 30 July 7 August 18 lb N/acre ---------------------------------------------------------- % of N ------------------------------------------------------------- 0 11.48 7.21 8.58 4.74 6.03 7.92 50 9.56 5.79 8.07 5.02 5.97 6.28 100 9.17 5.89 7.38 4.60 6.45 5.90 150 8.32 5.66 6.81 4.43 5.93 5.91 SEM 1 0.363 0.474 0.323 0.225 0.326 0.426 Effect 2 L< 0.0001 NS L = 0.002 NS NS L = 0.011 1 Standard error of the mean. 2 NS, not significant (P > 0.05); L, linear effect. 110
Influence of Moisture Concentration at Baling on Storage Characteristics of Bermudagrass Hay J. E. Turner, W. K. Coblentz, D. A. Scarbrough, D. W. Kellogg, K. P. Coffey, L. J. McBeth, and R.T. Rhein 1 Story in Brief Concentrations of moisture > 20% are known to cause spontaneous heating and associated deleterious effects on forage nutritive value in hay. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been thoroughly studied in this respect, but relatively little is known about these relationships in warm season grasses. ‘Greenfield’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] was packaged in conventional rectangular bales at 21.9, 26.5, and 30.2% moisture (LM, MM, and HM, respectively). The MM and HM bales accumulated more (P < 0.05) heating degree days >95°F and exhibited greater (P < 0.05) mold development than the LM bales. Dry matter recovery was greater (P < 0.05) for LM and MM bales than for HM bales. Introduction In the southern USA the harvest of bermudagrass often coincides with periods of high relative humidity and a relatively high probability of regular rainfall events. High relative humidity can extend the period needed to dry hay in the field (Moser, 1995), thereby increasing the probability of a rainfall event on the hay prior to packaging. These factors often necessitate baling at higher than optimal moistures or delaying harvest until more favorable weather conditions occur. Concentrations of moisture >20% in alfalfa and bermudagrass hays produce spontaneous heating, mold growth, and deleterious changes in forage nutritive value (Collins et al., 1987; Coblentz et al., 2000). Previous research (Coblentz et al., 2000) has indicated that bermudagrass hay exhibits two distinct temperature maxima; these occur immediately after baling and then between 5 and 20 d of storage. It is especially important to develop a clear understanding of storage characteristics over a 65-d storage period for bermudagrass, which is the most important forage grown throughout the southeastern USA (Burton and Hanna, 1995). The objectives of this research were to characterize the effects of moisture concentration at baling on storage characteristics of bermudagrass hay. Experimental Procedures An approximately 15-yr-old stand of “Greenfield” bermudagrass grown at the University of Arkansas Forage Research Area located in Fayetteville was selected for this trial. The experimental forage was the second cutting for 1999. On 13 July 1999, the bermudagrass forage was mowed in three blocks of 12 swaths each. Swaths in each block were randomly assigned to one of the three moisture concentrations (30.2, 26.5, and 21.9%; HM, MM, and LM, respectively), which were chosen to produce intense, moderate, and minimal heating and similar associated changes in forage nutritive value. For each moisture treatment, 12 conventional bales (average size = 1.57 ft by 1.25 ft by 3.14 ft) were made from each block. Six bales from each group of 12 were placed side by side (strings up) on top of the wooden pallets. The remaining six bales from each treatment were positioned in the same orientation on top of the first six bales, thereby creating stacks two bales high and six bales wide for each field replication of each treatment. Individual stacks containing 12 bales were surrounded on the sides and top by dry bales of wheat straw to limit the effects of diurnal variations in ambient temperature. All bales were weighed and measured for length prior to being placed on the pallets. The length and weight of the bales were used to determine the density of each hay package. Height and width of bales were not measured; prior observations indicated these measurements to be uniform with our baler. Two bales from each block were visually appraised for mold growth on d 65 of storage by the method of Roberts et al. (1987). Prior to being placed in the stack for storage, four bales from each block had single thermocouple wires inserted into the center of each bale. Bale temperatures were recorded twice daily (0630 and 1500 h) during the initial 14 d of storage and once daily (1500 h) during the remainder of the storage period. The observed temperature was considered to be the mean internal bale temperature for a given day, except during the initial 14 d when the mean of the two observations was used. Heating degree-days >95°F (HDD) were calculated by subtracting 95°F from the recorded daily mean internal bale temperature and summing these differences over 1 All authors are associated with the Department of Animal Science, Fayetteville. 111
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Arkansas Animal Science Department
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spine copy ARKANSAS ANIMAL SCIENCE
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INTRODUCTION The faculty and staff
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COMMON ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation T
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The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizati
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Demographics and Academic Success o
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Efficacy of Mannan Oligosaccharide
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Effects of Dietary Magnesium and Ha
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Effect of Feather Meal on Live Anim
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Maternal Effects for Performance Te
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Supplementation of Beef Cows and He
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The Impact of Multiple Antimicrobia
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The Impact of Multiple Antimicrobia
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The Use of Hurdle Technology to Red
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Consumer Acceptability of Forage Fe
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